1. NMITA: The Panama Paleontology Project NMITA Neogene Marine Biota of Tropical America. The Panama paleontology Project (PPP) identification including Aguilera (fish), Budd (zooxanthellate corals), Cairns (azooxanthellate corals), Cheetham http://porites.geology.uiowa.edu/ppp.htm

NMITA: N eogene M arine B i ota of T ropical A merica The Panama Paleontology Project (PPP) The PPP was begun in 1986 by Jeremy Jackson and Anthony Coates of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute ( STRI Visual FoxPro database PPP researchers . After study, all micro- and macrofossils except molluscs and fish are deposited at the NMNH ; mollusc and fish specimens are deposited at the NMB . For details about the current status of collections and specimens, see the homepage for each individual taxonomic group. The PPP collections have served as the basis for two volumes: The PPP maintains a contribution series of publications based on collections made by the PPP. Last updated on April 29-afb. NMITA home page Overview of NMITA

2. MSN Encarta - Paleontology paleontology, study of prehistoric animal and plant life through the The first vertebrates—primitive fish—and the earliest corals emerged during the http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553004/Paleontology.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items Fossil Branches of Science more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Paleontology News Search MSNBC for news about Paleontology Internet Search Search Encarta about Paleontology Search MSN for Web sites about Paleontology Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Paleontology Multimedia 11 items Article Outline Introduction Fossils and Stratigraphy The Paleozoic Era The Mesozoic Era ... The Cenozoic Era I Introduction Print Preview of Section Paleontology , study of prehistoric animal and plant life through the analysis of fossil remains. The study of these remains enables scientists to trace the evolutionary history of extinct as well as living organisms (

3. MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Paleontology paleontology. III. The Paleozoic Era, The first vertebrates—primitive fish—and the earliest corals emerged during the Ordovician period. http://encarta.msn.com/text_761553004___3/Paleontology.html

Print Preview Paleontology Article View On the File menu, click Print to print the information. Paleontology III. The Paleozoic Era The Paleozoic era lasted about 330 million years. It includes the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian periods. Index fossils of the first half of the Paleozoic era are those of invertebrates, such as trilobites, graptolites, and crinoids. Remains of plants and such vertebrates as fish and reptiles make up the index fossils of the second half of this era. A. Cambrian Period At the beginning of the Cambrian period (570 million to 500 million years ago) animal life was entirely confined to the seas. By the end of the period, all the phyla of the animal kingdom existed, except for vertebrates. The characteristic animals of the Cambrian period were the trilobites, a primitive form of arthropod, which reached their fullest development in this period and became extinct by the end of the Paleozoic era. The earliest snails appeared in this period, as did the cephalopod mollusks. Other groups represented in the Cambrian period were brachiopods, bryozoans, and foraminifers ( see Foraminifera). Plants of the Cambrian period included seaweeds in the oceans and lichens on land.

4. Awesome Library - Science Echinoderms (University of California, Berkeley Museum of paleontology) Provides pictures and descriptions of you move your cursor over their names. fish Near corals (Thinkquest) http://www.awesomelibrary.org/Classroom/Science/Biology/Fish_and_Ocean_Creatures

Awesome Talking Library Examples ... Spelling Here: Home Classroom Science Biology > Fish and Ocean Creatures Fish and Ocean Creatures Also Try Animals Discussions Whales - Ask the Whale Expert (Whalenet) Lesson Plans Dolphins - Bottlenose (Kids' Planet) Includes a description of the life and habits of the dolphin. 5-00 Dolphins - Bottlenose (SeaWorld.org) Includes a description of the life and habits of the dolphin. Dolphins, Orca or Killer Whales (Kids' Planet) Includes a description and a drawing. Fish Tank Lessons and Activities (Donn) Provides lesson plans, activities, games, and links related to fish, aquariums, hermit crabs and marine life. 12-99 Manatees (Kids' Planet) Provides a factsheet and a drawing. Otters - Sea (Kids' Planet) Includes a description and a drawing. Turtles - Sea (Kids' Planet) Includes a description and a drawing. Whales - Blue (Kids' Planet) Includes a description and a drawing. Whales - Humpback (Kids' Planet) Includes a description and a drawing. Lists Fish Links (Fish Link Central) Map Generator - Coastline (US Dept of Interior) Provides a map of the coast when you provide longitude and latitude. Ocean Educational Resources (Whalenet) Sea World Whales (Gander Academy - Cornish) Provides activities, research, lesson plans, and more on whales. 2-01

5. Kuban's K-Paleo Place: Fossils, Paleontology, Dinosaurs paleontology Sites covering paleontology in general such as brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, crinoids of ancient vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, birds http://members.aol.com/fostrak/kpaleo.htm

K-Paleo Kuban's Paleo Place Fossils, Dinosaurs, Museums and More This site is intended as a springboard to Internet resources on fossils, dinosaurs, paleontology, natural history, and related topics. I hope it proves useful to students, teachers, fossil collectors, paleontologists, and anyone else with rocks in their heads. I myself am a long-time fossil enthusiast with a special interest in dinosaur tracks (I have a web site devoted to my work on Texas tracks and the related Paluxy "man track" controversy ). Please send any comments, corrections, or letters of concern, praise, or outrage to me at: Glen J. Kuban E-mail: gkpaleo@yahoo.com Last Revised: 06 July 2000. Times visited since 4-29-97: This site located at http://members.aol.com/fostrak/kpaleo.htm Quick Menu (descriptive menu follows below) General Paleontology Vertebrates (Except Dinos) ... General paleontology - Sites covering paleontology in general or with a broad spectrum of content. Invertebrates - These sites cover one or more groups of prehistoric invertebrates (animals without backbones). Included are microfossils as well as major invertebrate groups such as brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, crinoids, molluscs, insects, and the ever-popular trilobites. Vertebrates - Sites on various groups of ancient vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles (except dinosaurs, since they are so popular I've created a separate site for them, listed below).

6. Paleontology: MASPK Educational Resources and Microfossils 6. Fossil Invertebrates 7. Fossil Sponges, Coelenterates, Echinoderms, corals 8. Fossil Fossil fish 11. paleontology Resources for Teachers 16 http://www.maspk.com/Science/Paleontology/Paleontology.html

MASPK Educational Resources Home Arts Business Engineering ... Science Paleontology General Organizations Journals History ... Search Paleontology: "Reptiles - Masters of Land" Dinosaur Exhibits! This virtual tour of the National Museum of Natural History's dinosaurs is just the first step in informing you about the work with dinosaurs at the Smithsonian. This site was created to provide a glimpse of some of the dinosaur specimens have on view at the National Museum of Natural History. It is unique because it is the only site that showcases some of most valuable and rare dinosaur specimens on exhibit. These specimens represent only a small fraction of total dinosaur collection (less than 40 out of 1500 specimens!). The diversity of collections include some 40 to 50 million fossil plants, animals and geologic specimens (rock and sediment cores, and sediment samples). Included in collections are over 1500 catalogued specimens of dinosaurs. Of these, about 30 are on display, and of these, 6 are the actual, original specimens that were used to name new species of dinosaurs. .... more links for: Fossil Reptiles Dinosaurs Here are few links about Paleontology.

7. Images, Photography, FISH MASTER PAGE By PHOTOVAULT, Pictures, Aquaria FLORA FOOD GOVERNMENT HEALTH HERPITILES INDUSTRY INSECTS MAMMALS MILITARY NATURE paleontology PEOPLE PLANETS fishSEAWATER . corals . http://www.photovault.com/Link/Animals/AnimalsFishMaster.html

PHOTOVALET (tm) Enter search term Images by Wernher Krutein T his page contains links to our existing photo pages on . These images are intended to communicate the sense of awe and wonder I have for these amazing beings. Let us all do what we can to protect their ability to survive and thrive in the wild. These photographs are available for licensing in any media. For Pricing, General Guidelines, and Delivery information click here . You may contact us thru email or by phone for more information on the use of these images, and any others in our files not shown here. You may also use our search engine PHOTOVALET (tm) to find other images not found on this page. Please do not ask us or email us for free use of these images and for free information! Unfortunately we can not help with specific questions related to the care, feeding, or extermination of these animals. We recommend having a sense of awe, wonder, and reverence, for these fascinating animals in such a way that we respect and honor their existence. See Also MASTER PAGES: AEROSPACE AMPHIBIANS ART AVIATION ... UNIVERSE Click on any of the thumbnail images below for a journey to that specified category . . . . .

8. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Invertebrates News about corals fish No Exception To Trend In Marineorganism Disease (April 14, 2004) — Disease is increasing among most kinds of marine organisms http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Invert

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... Invertebrates Corals (3 links) See Also: Science: Biology: Ecology: Aquatic Ecology: Marine: Coral Reefs Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Animalia: Radiata Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Animalia: Radiata: Cnidaria News about Corals Fish No Exception To Trend In Marine-organism Disease (April 14, 2004) full story Invasive Species: A Few Bucks And A Click Away (April 12, 2004) full story Researchers Discover New Family Of Atlantic Corals, Upset Prior Coral Classifications (February 27, 2004) full story Comparing Ecological Impacts Of Fishing Gears (December 18, 2003)

9. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology News about paleontology a remarkable fossil that bridges the gap between fish and amphibian Researchers Discover New Family Of Atlantic corals, Upset Prior http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... Earth Sciences Paleontology (1379 links) Academic Departments Amber Art By Geological Interval ... Web Rings See Also: Science: Biology Science: Earth Sciences: Geology: Geochronology Science: Earth Sciences: Geology: Rocks and Minerals: Sedimentary Petrology Science: Earth Sciences: Paleogeography and Paleoclimatology ... Science: Social Sciences: Archaeology News about Paleontology New Evidence Supports Three Major Glaciation Events In The Distant Past (April 22, 2004) full story New Fossil Links Four-legged Land Animals To Ancient Fish (April 2, 2004) full story Evidence Of A "Lost World": Antarctica Yields Two Unknown Dinosaur Species (February 27, 2004)

10. Bomis: The Science/Earth Sciences/Paleontology/Invertebrates/Corals Ring Bomis The Science/Earth Sciences/paleontology/Invertebrates/corals ring. Buy Tropical fish, corals, Inverts, Aquarium Supplies, and more www.saltwaterfish.com. http://www.bomis.com/rings/Minvertebrates-corals-science

Bomis: The Science/Earth Sciences/Paleontology/Invertebrates/Corals ring Build a ring Suggest URL! Email ringmaster! Ring Info! See also... ...Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Invertebrates Home My Bomis Webmasters ... Ring Rankings Sneak preview of new search engine from Bomis Search Wikia for Corals Ring sites Corals Sponsored Link Buy Tropical Fish, Corals , Inverts, Aquarium Supplies, and more www.saltwaterfish.com Corals Sponsored Link Find, compare and buy Jewelry! Simply Fast Savings www.Shopping.com Fossilised Corals Images of fossilised corals - Geology Department, University of Newcastle www.newcastle.edu.au Ancient Coral Reefs Natural History Notebook (Canada) fossil coral section. www.nature.ca Virtual Silurian Reef Silurian Reefs in the Field www.mpm.edu Search Bomis for Corals Other Popular Bomis Searches harry potter osama bin laden scareer auto parts ... britney spears Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor

11. Publications Internal Guests The Relationship Between corals and Zooxanthellae. Tropical fish Hobbyist, 49 (1). and Quinn, T. M. 1995. Isotope paleontology Examples from Baculites compressus http://www.fatherree.com/jim/publications.htm

Current Publications (as of September 2000) Aquarium Related: "The Best Fishes for Your Reef Aquarium". (in press) T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ. "Starting Your Reef Aquarium". (in press) T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ. Corals and Their Internal Guests - The Relationship Between Corals and Zooxanthellae. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 49 (1). More Soft Corals for the Reef Aquarium - Fingers and Colts. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48 (12). Soft Corals of the Genus Sarcophyton - Toadstools in the Reef Aquarium. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48 (11). The Killer Carpet - Feeding Habits of the Carpet Anemone. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48 (10). The Mushroom Anemones. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48 (9). Caulerpa Algae in the Marine Aquarium. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48 (8). Great Algae Eaters for the Reef Aquarium. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48 (7). The Open Brain Corals. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48 (6). Christmas Trees in Your Aquarium? Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48 (4/5). Bubble Corals in the Reef Aquarium. Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine, 48 (3)

12. NMITA: The Dominican Republic Project classic studies in evolutionary paleontology, including Cheetham s Bryozoans Alan Cheetham, NMNH. corals Ann F of the West Indies Agariciidae. fish Dirk Nolf http://porites.geology.uiowa.edu/drprojct.htm

NMITA: N eogene M arine B i ota of T ropical A merica The Neogene Paleontology of the Northern Dominican Republic (DR) Project NMB ) measured sections and collected large samples of microfossils and macrofossils at closely spaced intervals along nine river sections in the Cibao Valley of the northern Dominican Republic. Age dates for the sections were determined through study of planktic foraminifera and nannofossils. The collections were accessioned by the NMB, and distributed to specialists for identification and preparation of systematic monographs. To date, all collecting efforts have been completed, and ~20 systematic monographs have been published as part of a series entitled "Neogene Paleontology of the Northern Dominican Republic" in the Bulletins of American Paleontology . In addition, the DR collections have served as the basis for several classic studies in evolutionary paleontology, including Cheetham's (1986) widely cited demonstration of punctuated equilibrium in bryozoans and Jung's (1989) revision of the Strombina -Group.

13. James W. Fatherree and Quinn, T. M. 1995. Isotope paleontology Examples from Baculites compressus Tabletops, Bird Nests and More A Good Dose of Acroporid corals. Tropical fish Hobbyist, 50 (11). http://www.fatherree.com/james/bibliography.htm

J AMES W F ATHERREE Courses Taught Bibliography Geology Experience Education ... Home PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS (derived from Master's thesis): Fatherree, J. W., Harries, P. J., and Quinn, T. M. 1998. Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic "Dissection" of Baculites compressus from the Pierre Shale of South Dakota: Implications for Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions. Palios, 13. Harries, P. J., Fatherree, J. W., and Quinn, T. M. 1996. Paleoseasonality in the Late Campanian: Inferences from isotopic analyses of baculitids and bivalves. Fifth International Cretaceous Symposium, Frieberg, FRG. Fatherree, J. W., Harries, P. J., and Quinn, T. M. 1995. Isotope Paleontology: Examples from Baculites compressus (Late Campanian; Pierre Shale). Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 27 (6). AQUARIUM-RELATED PUBLICATIONS The Cnidarian's Amazing Biology. Aquarium Fish Magazine, July issue. Making Sense of a Few Big Words. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 52 (10).

14. "INVERTEBRATES" Related Terms, Short Phrases And Links Invertebrates at FMNH A searchable invertebrate paleontology type specimen Marine fish, freshwater fish, corals, invertebrates and aquarium equipment. http://keywen.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Invertebrates/

Help INVERTEBRATES Encyclopedia of Keywords Science Earth Sciences Paleontology ... Michael Charnine Open project! Please edit the future version of this article Categories Arthropods Brachiopods Bryozoans Corals ... Trilobites Keywords INVERTEBRATE PDF SPONGES PALEONTOLOGY ... INVERTEBRATES Review of Short Phrases and Links This Review contains major "INVERTEBRATES"- related terms, short phrases and links grouped together in the form of Encyclopedia article. Books about "INVERTEBRATES" in Amazon.com Video about "INVERTEBRATES" in Amazon.com Order a custom written Review from Encyclopedia Writing Service DEFINITIONS Invertebrates are animals without a backbone. (Web site) Invertebrates are animals that lack a backbone. (Web site) Invertebrates are all animals without a backbone. (Web site) The invertebrates are dominant with 1405 drawers. (Web site) Invertebrates are animals that do not have backbones. (Web site) Invertebrates are all of the animals without backbones. (Web site) Invertebrates are best portrayed as members of communities. (Web site) Invertebrates are small sea creatures found in different types of water.

15. References Databases Paleontology Earth Sciences references on modern reefs and reef corals rmocfis.upr Rate Mesozoic fish References your press release about Earth Sciences paleontology Databases References http://earth-sciences.designerz.com/earth-sciences-paleontology-databases-refere

Map.Designerz.com Science.Designerz.com Earth Sciences News Earth Sciences Chat ... Earth Sciences Site Map Channels Visited Clear Featured Links Web Hosting Designerz Portals Store Science.Designerz.com Sign up for our mailing list ... Earth Sciences A comprehensive resource on Earth Sciences Paleontology Databases References Show Earth Sciences (Earth Sciences Paleontology Databases References) content on your web site Reach Earth Sciences (Earth Sciences Paleontology Databases References) Audience Save on Earth Sciences Paleontology Databases References books, magazines and software See which Earth Sciences Paleontology Databases References domain names are available Search Earth Sciences Paleontology Databases References on other search engines Press Releases, Stories and Articles on Earth Sciences Paleontology Databases References Ecology Services Consultant Ecologists Ecology Services Limited is an environmental consultancy, based in Lancashire, North West, UK. ... Press Release by Ecology Services View all press releases Submit your press release View all articles Submit your article Featured Results (opens in a new window) Mesozoic Fish References Some 200 references on Mesozoic fishes (1992-now) Rate Mesozoic Fish References Brachiopod References Download comprehensive brachiopod reference collection (more than 24,000 references)

16. Silurian Period paleontology. coral reefs widespread; eurypterids at their peak; fish diversify, evolving have been recorded, including crinoids, corals, brachiopods, trilobites http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/Silurian.html

Peripatus Home Page Paleontology Page Updated: 10 Jan 2004 Silurian Period Abstract Keywords: Silurian, Silurian biota, fossil record, evolution Introduction First coral reefs widespread; eurypterids at their peak; fish diversify, evolving lower jaws and invading fresh water environments; lycopsid land plants appear and early terrestrial ecosystems are established. Related Topics Further Reading Evolution and Environment in the Late Silurian and Early Devonian Related Pages Ordovician Period Devonian Period Other Web Sites (there is no Silurian subcommission listed on this site) Silurian Times Main Page The Virtual Silurian Reef (Milwaukee Public Museum) UC Berkeley Silurian Page Stratigraphy Type Section/Sections In 1831 Sedgwick and a collaborator, Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, commenced work on the stratigraphy of northern Wales. Sedgwick began at the bottom of the section and Murchison at the top. Sedgwick named his sequence of rocks the Cambrian and Murchison applied the name Silurian to the generally more fossiliferous upper formations. Eventually their sections overlapped, each claiming some of the same rocks for their systems, in what became a widespread and lengthy controversy until, forty four years later, Charles Lapworth introduced the name Ordovician for the disputed sequence. Murchison proposed the name Silurian in 1835, with a type section in western Wales defined both by lithology and fossils.

17. Definition: Lagerstatten with an interest in paleontology – the Burgess Scotland; arthropods and fish; Ritchie 1985. over 600 species (mainly crinoids, corals, brachiopods, trilobites http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/defLagerstatten.html

Peripatus Home Page Paleontology Page Updated: 8 Feb 2004 Definition: Lagerstätten At a Glance Lagerstätten (sing. lagerstätte) are fossil localities which are highly remarkable for for either their diversity or quality of preservation; sometimes both. Sometimes the phrase konservat-lagerstätten is seen in all its poly-syllablic glory, though this seems like somewhat pretentious over-kill to me. Introduction Other very well-known lagerstätten include the Green River Formation of Wyoming, USA, which has produced countless fossil fish for the commercial fossil market, the Solnhofen Limestone of Germany, famous primarily for the Archeopteryx fossils found there. However, there are many more and I shall attempt to describe, or at least list, some of them on this site. Listing by Age The following table lists a few basic facts about some well-known lagerstätten. It is arranged in usual geological fashion: age increases down the table. Related Topics Further Reading Related Pages Cambrian Lagerstätten Other Web Sites Peabody Museum, Yale

18. GEOLOGIC EONS, ERAS And PERIODS - Paleontology And Geology Glossary If the dinosaur or paleontology term you are looking for is not in the dictionary First shellfish, primitive fish, trilobites, corals, mollusks. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/Period.shtml

Join Enchanted Learning Click here for more information on site membership. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year (transaction via PayPal Other Amount (transaction via PayPal As a thank-you bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. (Already a member? Click here. ZoomDinosaurs.com Dinosaur and Paleontology Dictionary A B C D ... Z Click on an underlined word for more information on that subject. If the dinosaur or paleontology term you are looking for is not in the dictionary, please e-mail us GEOLOGIC EONS, ERAS and PERIODS The period is the basic unit of geological time in which a single type of rock system is formed. Two or more periods comprise a geological Era. Two or more Eras form an Eon, the largest division of geologic time. Some periods are divided into epochs. The major periods in the geologic history of the Earth are (mya=million years ago): EON ERA PERIOD P H A N E R O Z O I C 540 mya through today CENOZOIC Quarternary 1.8 mya-today First humans, mammoths, mastodons, saber-toothed cats. Neogene 24-1.8 mya

19. Paleontology And Geology Glossary: O If the dinosaur or paleontology term you are looking for lived near water and probably ate fish and amphibians on land, as do the first corals, primitive fishes http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/indexo.shtml

Become a member of Enchanted Learning. Click here for more information on site membership. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year (transaction via PayPal Other Amount (transaction via PayPal As a thank-you bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. (Already a member? Click here. ZoomDinosaurs.com Dinosaur and Paleontology Dictionary A B C D ... Z Click on an underlined word for more information on that subject. If the dinosaur or paleontology term you are looking for is not in the dictionary, please e-mail us O OHMDENOSAURUS (pronounced OHM-den-oh-SAWR-us) Ohmdenosaurus ( meaning "Ohmden, Germany lizard") was a long-necked, plant-eating dinosaur from the early Jurassic period , about 191 million years ago. This sauropod was about 13 ft (4 m) long. Ohmdenosaurus was named by paleontologist Wild in 1978. The type species is O. liasicus . Few fossil bones (only a tibia and tarsus) have been found in Germany. OLFACTORY BULBS The olfactory bulbs are the parts of the brain that sense smell. OLFACTORY CAVITY The olfactory cavity is the part of the inside of an animal's skull that once housed the olfactory bulbs. The relative size of the olfactory cavity indicates how well the animal could sense smells. For example, the

20. The Ordovician these animals, plus red and green algae, primitive fish, cephalopods, corals, crinoids, and Mass Extinction at the Hooper Virtual paleontology Museum http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/ordovician/ordovician.html

The Ordovician 490 to 443 Million Years Ago The Ordovician period began approximately 510 million years ago, with the end of the Cambrian , and ended around 445 million years ago, with the beginning of the Silurian . At this time, the area north of the tropics was almost entirely ocean, and most of the world's land was collected into the southern super-continent Gondwana . Throughout the Ordovician, Gondwana shifted towards the South Pole and much of it was submerged underwater. The Ordovician is best known for the presence of its diverse marine invertebrates, including graptolites trilobites brachiopods , and the conodonts (early vertebrates). A typical marine community consisted of these animals, plus red and green algae, primitive fish, cephalopods, corals, crinoids, and gastropods. More recently, there has been found evidence of tetrahedral spores that are similar to those of primitive land plants, suggesting that plants invaded the land at this time. From the Early to Middle Ordovician, the earth experienced a milder climate in which the weather was warm and the atmosphere contained a lot of moisture. However, when Gondwana finally settled on the South Pole during the Late Ordovician, massive glaciers formed causing shallow seas to drain and sea levels to drop. This likely caused the mass extinctions that characterize the end of the Ordovician, in which 60% of all marine invertebrate genera and 25% of all families went extinct. Click on the buttons below to learn more about the Ordovician.

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