61. Project Update October 2003 - Southern Leyte Coral Reef Conservation Project The video Resource at Risk was shown after reef ecology and marine conservation lectures. They will be more likely to protect their local coral reefs if they http://www.coralcay.org/leyte_report_0310.shtml

project update October 2003 CORAL CAY CONSERVATION Southern Leyte Coral Reef Conservation Project Executive Summary Highlights 8th October - Counterpart training LRCP is continuing with counterpart training in Sogod Bay. Hilario Pepino, a designated Coastal Resource Management (CRM) Officer from the Community Extension Development Programme (CEPD) at Maasin College is spending one expedition to train on SCUBA diving and Skills Development Programme (SDP) at Happy Dove. He is being trained and living expedition life as a CCC Volunteer. 15th October - Seminar at Panaon Institute, San Francisco CCC's community education is extending to the east coast of Sogod Bay. A seminar on coral reef ecology, marine conservation and local marine protected areas (fish sanctuaries) was given to 200 high school students at the Panaon Institute in the Municipality of San Francisco. An educational video on a successful fish sanctuary in the Philippines was shown to the students. 16th October - Information Drive on Coastal Resources Management, Hinungan CCC and the Provincial Coastal Resource Management Office were invited to an information education campaign in Hinungan on the Pacific side of Southern Leyte. The targeted audiences were 500 high school and elementary school students from the Longsodaan National School and the Hinungan Central School, respectively. The Mayor of Hinungan and members from the fish sanctuary council also attended the event. It was very encouraging to see how enthusiastic the students were, as they will be the future stewards of the coastal zone.

62. Life History And Ecology Of Cnidaria Cnidarian ecology is a complex subject indeed, because it is cnidarians in of some of the richest and most complex ecosystems on the planet, coral reefs. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cnidarialh.html

Cnidaria : Life History and Ecology Cnidarian ecology is a complex subject indeed, because it is cnidarians - in particular corals - that are the builders of some of the richest and most complex ecosystems on the planet, coral reefs. Other cnidarians are important as predators in the open ocean. Cnidarians generally occupy two major niches. They may use their cnidocysts to trap prey items. On the other hand, many cnidarians, anthozoans in particular, depend on zooxanthellae - symbiotic dinoflagellates within the tissues - to survive. These single-celled protists carry out photosynthesis within the animal's tissues, and pass on the carbon compounds they fix to their hosts; corals, therefore, are photosynthetic animals in a sense. Some cnidarians are nearly completely dependent on zooxanthellae; others trap prey but augment their diet with zooxanthellae. While not all corals are dependent on symbionts - some live at great depths where there is never light - colonial, reef-forming corals depend on them; thus, reefs can only exist in shallow water. Notice the white areas on this coral reef exposed at low tide: this loss of symbionts, called bleaching, is deadly to coral reefs.

63. Rebuilding Coral Reefs Continued use of the same area of a reef will lead to destruction of the coral by anchors and eventually damage to the reef s ecology unless preventive http://www.arabianwildlife.com/archive/vol3.1/reef.htm

Rebuilding Coral Reefs by W. Gladstone and R. Khuzaiym C oral reefs are as much a part of Arabia's natural heritage as the deserts and bedu way of life. The entire Arabian peninsula is fringed by some of the most beautiful coral reefs in the world, reefs which have been used by seagoing Arabs for thousands of years. And like the animals and plants of the desert which have successfully adapted to this extreme climate, so have the Arabian coral reefs adapted to conditions not experienced by coral reefs elsewhere, such as high water temperature and salinity. Despite their adaptations to harsh conditions, coral reefs are sensitive to unnatural disturbances, and the most destructive unnatural disturbances are caused by humans. We smother coral reefs with sand from dredging, we pollute them with sewage, oil and chemical wastes, and we overfish. Coral reefs need our protection. In the Red Sea we are fortunate that most coral reefs are healthy, apart from some near the larger coastal cities and developments. The best way to keep them in this excellent state of health is to act now by conserving and protecting them. One of the areas with a high priority for conservation in the Arabian Red Sea is the Farasan Islands. These islands, numbering more than 120, are fringed by beautiful coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves. The waters are inhabited by important and endangered species such as turtles, whales, dolphins and dugong. Most of the reefs are pristine and rarely visited by outsiders. The beaches are used as nesting grounds by turtles, and some are recognized as internationally and regionally important sites for waterbirds. The Farasan Islands are also culturally important because some traditional Saudi maritime activities still occur there and nowhere else, such as artisanal fishing by Saudi nationals, pearl diving and the annual gathering of harid parrotfish.

64. Wauu.DE: Science: Biology: Ecology: Aquatic Ecology: Marine: Coral Reefs http//www.omnicom.com.au/charonia/charhome.htm. coral Magazine A quarterly video magazine of coral reefs. Includes ecology, descriptions, identification, free http://www.wauu.de/Science/Biology/Ecology/Aquatic_Ecology/Marine/Coral_Reefs/

Home Science Biology Ecology ... Marine : Coral Reefs Search DMOZ-Verzeichnis: All Categories Categories Onlye Kategorien: Restoration Links: Action Atlas: Coral Reefs The plight of the planet's coral reefsand how you can help. http://www.motherjones.com/coral_reef/ Belize Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute This Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute (CZMAI) website is intended to advise, educate and promote action on your part to become involved in the management of Belize's wealth of coastal resources. http://www.coastalzonebelize.org Charonia Research Detailed information about the interactions among the Triton snail, the Crown-of-Thorns starfish, other coral reef organisms, and humans. http://www.omnicom.com.au/charonia/charhome.htm Coral Magazine A quarterly video magazine of coral reefs. Includes ecology, descriptions, identification, free photos, filming techniques, and even a short quiz. Coral and shells are featured. http://www.corals.org Coral Realm This ThinkQuest Project includes an enormous amount of information on Corals and includes a comprehensive database. http://library.advanced.org/25713

65. July 18, 2003, Hour One: Coral Reefs / Genetics Of Depression Related Links The coral Reef Alliance Welcome to coral The coral Reef ecology Home Page NOAA s coral Reef United States coral Reef Task Force EPA Oceans http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/2003/Jul/hour1_071803.html

THIS WEEK ON SCIENCE FRIDAY... Science Friday Archives July Hour One: Coral Reefs / Genetics of Depression Whether a person gets depressed in response to the stresses of life may depend in part on a common gene mutation. A study released this week in the journal Science looks at how people with different forms of a gene known as 5-HTT respond to traumatic and stressful events. The gene is thought to help regulate the brain chemical serotonin. It comes in two lengths - long and short - and is inherited from both parents, meaning that every person has either two short forms, two long forms, or one short and one long version of the gene. The researchers found that participants in the study who carried two short copies of 5-HTT were at higher risk of developing depression. Participants with two long copies seem to be at lower risk. In this hour, we'll take a look at the genetics of depression. Plus, the decline of Caribbean coral reefs. New research says that in the past 30 years, the amount of coral covering the ocean floor in the Caribbean has declined dramatically. As late as the 1970s, half the ocean floor in the Caribbean was coral-covered. Now, the researchers say, only a tenth of the ocean floor there has a coral cover. They base their findings on 65 different studies, examining over 260 individual sites in the Caribbean. We'll find out what might be responsible for the decline, and steps that could be taken to improve coral health.

66. Ecology Of Fishes On Coral Reefs, 2nd Edition - Diversity And Dynamics In A Comp ecology of Fishes on coral reefs, 2nd Edition Diversity and Dynamics in a Complex Ecosystem bookshop, books, science technical publications, CD-ROMs, slide http://www.cplpress.com/contents/C948.htm

Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs, 2nd Edition - Diversity and Dynamics in a Complex Ecosystem Edited by Dr. Peter F. Sale Academic Press 2002 724 Pages ISBN 0126151857 Please note: This book is also referred to as 'Coral Reef Fishes' by Academic Press This new edition includes provocative reviews covering the major areas of reef fish ecology. Concerns about the future health of coral reefs, and recognition that reefs and their fishes are economically important components of the coastal oceans of many tropical nations, have led to enormous growth in research directed at reef fishes. An up-to-date review of key research areas in reef fish ecology, with a bibliography including hundreds of citations, most from the last decade Authoritative, up-to-date, provocative chapters written to suggest future research priorities An important companion and successor to The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs Includes discussions of regulation of fish populations, dispersal or site fidelity of larval reef fishes, sensory and motor capabilities of reef fish larvae, and complexities of management of reef species and communities Includes provocative reviews covering the major areas of reef fish ecology The included syntheses provide readers with the current highlights in this exciting science To find similar publications, click on a keyword below:

67. Human Impacts On Coral Reefs Sorokin, YI 1993. coral reef ecology. SpringerVerlag, New York. 1995. coral reefs. Coastal problems geomorphology, ecology and society at the coast. http://is2.dal.ca/~krrussel/zrussell/xmar/russellst.html

Frontiers in Marine Biology Home Page Webliteracy Homepage Table of Contents What is Coral? Coral Reefs The Benefits of Coral Reefs Human Impacts ... Cited Literature and Links Photo used with permission from Jeffrey Jeffords What is Coral? (Source: *CORAL REEF PROTECTION: U.S. EPA; Viles and Spencer, 1995) Photo courtesy of Eugene Weber, California Academy of Sciences Corals are comprised of colonies of tiny animals called polyps , which belong to the phylum Cnidaria . Each polyp resembles a small sea anemone and uses its stinging tentacles to paralyze and feed on plankton Polyps secrete calcium carbonate, which forms the skeleton of coral and the framework of coral reefs. Corals have a symbiotic relationship with microscopic algae called zooxanthellae that live inside each polyp. Zooxanthellae are photosynthetic and convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbohydrates. This provides nutrients for the polyp , which in return provides a secure environment with access to sunlight for the zooxanthellae Montastrea cavernosa Great Star Coral Top of page Coral Reefs (Source: *CORAL REEF PROTECTION: U.S. EPA; Viles and Spencer, 1995)

68. News Of The Centre For Coral Reef Biodiversity from an unprecedented range of scientific fields, including ecology, geology, paleontology to inform predictions of future changes in coral reefs using evidence http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/mbiolaq/ccrbio/Tsv forum.htm

International Forum on Threats to Coral Reefs Centre for Coral Reef Biodiversity, Townsville October 14-19, 2002. Coral reefs worldwide are under increased pressure, from run-off of nutrients and pollution from land, from widespread overfishing, and from global warming. Of these three major threats, the first two are relatively well studied. We know the problems reasonably well, and we know how to go about resolving them - by regulating land use and by preserving brood stocks inside marine protected areas. Generally management of fishing and runoff is a local issue that can be resolved at the state or national level. In contrast, the damaging effects of climate change on coral reefs are not well understood, although the link between greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and coral bleaching is already well established. Global warming presents scientists with a huge intellectual challenge, which will require teams of researchers working hard together at unprecedented geographic scales. Management of global warming, in particular controlling greenhouse gas emissions, is a global challenge to all nations. In response to this challenge, the Centre for Coral Reef Biodiversity at James Cook University initiated a Forum, entitled "Managing Coral Reefs in the face of global change". We received funding from the QLD government, and invited 15 scientists from the USA, Europe and Australia to tackle this broad issue. We particularly invited world-leaders from an unprecedented range of scientific fields, including ecology, geology, paleontology, oceanography, climatology, and economics, to work together for the first time as a team. The idea was to combine our respective skills and expertise, for example, to inform predictions of future changes in coral reefs using evidence from past climate impacts recorded in the fossil record.

69. AIMS - Coral Reef Ecology - Publications coral reef ecology. Publications. coral reefs 14 183192 TD29 (970Kb); Done TJ (1992) Phase shifts in coral reefs and their ecological significance. http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/coral-ecology/cre-publications.html

AIMS home About AIMS Research Facilities ... Topics index Coral reef ecology Publications Selected Titles Works that document the variability of coral communities: You can download these publications in Adobe PDF format by clicking on the TDxx link provided after each reference. Done TJ (1982) Patterns in the distribution of coral communities across the central Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 1: 95-107 Devantier LM, De’ath G, Done TJ, Turak E (1998) Ecological assessment of a complex natural system: a case study from the Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Applications 8: 480 - 496. Turak E, Wakeford M, Done TJ( 2002) Banda Islands Rapid Ecological Assessment, May 2002: Assessment of Coral Biodiversity and Coral Reef Health by the Australian Institute of Marine Science. Final Report from the Australian Institute of Marine Science to The Nature Conservancy. Key conceptual works: Done TJ, Reichelt, RE (1998) Integrated coastal zone and fisheries ecosystem management: generic goals and performance indices. Ecological Applications 8 (Supplement): S110 - 118.

70. Coral Reefs, Marine Coral Calcium: Safe Harvesting HEALTH TREASURES coral Calcium. High Quality Diet, Fitness and Nutritional Products. coral reefs and coral Mining for Marine coral Calcium. http://www.healthtreasures.com/coral-ecology.html

HEALTH TREASURES: Coral Calcium High Quality Diet, Fitness and Nutritional Products Coral Reefs and Coral Mining for Marine Coral Calcium Coral calcium is carefully collected from the ocean around the islands of Okinawa, off the Southern coast of Japan. The Japanese government regulates the harvesting. There are two types of Coral Calcium. The first is fossilized Coral Calcium that is collected from coral that has washed onto the beach. Fossilized Coral Calcium usually has a very low amount of magnesium. The other type is marine grade Coral Calcium that is harvested underneath the water. It is better than fossilized because its calcium and magnesium is in an ideal 2 to 1 ratio, the best for the body's metabolism. HEALTH AND CORAL CALCIUM The Coral Calcium Story Govt and Scientific Research on Calcium Bio-Absorption of Calcium Chemical Analysis of Coral Calcium ... Marine Grade Coral Calcium Other Health Concerns Radiation Protection: Potassium Iodide KI, Rad Block Seasilver Vitamins and Minerals Consult your physician about using any products on this site. Order Coral Calcium Today!

71. Animals Associated With Coral Reefs Animals Associated with coral reefs. coral reefs provide habitats for a large variety of organisms. These organisms rely on corals http://www.uvi.edu/coral.reefer/animals.htm

Animals Associated with Coral Reefs Coral reefs provide habitats for a large variety of organisms. These organisms rely on corals as a source of food and shelter. Some organisms that use corals through mutualism, commensalism and parasitism are within the taxonomic groups Porifera, Polychaeta, Gastropoda, Crustacea, Echinodermata and Pisces. Sponges (Porifera) are found inhabiting cavities in the reef. They remove small chips of calcium carbonate from corals. These sponges, such as Cliona , cause bioerosion in corals. Sponges inhabit corals for the purpose of protection from predators. Polychaetes such as Hermodice carunculata and Gastropods in the family Trochidae depend on corals for food. They feed on corals such as Porites and Agaricia . Decapod crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs depend on corals for shelter. Xantid crabs form cavities in the coral Acropora palmata . Fish also depend on corals for protection against predators. One such is the parrot fish (Scaridae). Echinoderms such as Acanthaster planci are coral predators. This crown-of-thorns starfish relies on corals for food.

72. ACTION ATLAS: Coral Reefs THREATS TO THE coral reefs OF THE WORLD, AND WHO'S WORKING TO SAVE THEM. the recovery of our coral reefs, the MoJo Wire presents the Mother Jones Action AtlasTM coral reefs. It's the first http://www.mojones.com/coral_reef

HOME NEWS COMMENTARY ARTS ... Tropical Americas To help save coral reefs worldwide , get active with these groups: Reef Check '98 CEDAM International CORAL: Coral Reef Alliance Global Coral Reef Alliance ... World Wildlife Fund T It was Key West dive operators who launched Reef Relief to keep ship anchors off Florida's dying reefs. It was a lone Pacific Islands environmental consultant who crusaded to restore the giant clam to Tonga's depleted reefs. And it was a passel of marine scientists, alarmed by their findings and frustrated with government inaction, who launched last year's International Year of the Reef , a global research and education program to spur coral conservation efforts and reverse the trend of destruction. Their call to action has made a difference: Conservationists and governments worldwide made launched the International Coral Reef Initiative in 1997, and the United Nations followed their lead and declared 1998 the International Year of the Ocean In honor of these people, and in service to the recovery of our coral reefs, the MoJo Wire presents the first installment of the Mother Jones Action Atlas TM : Coral Reefs. It's the first comprehensive look at the state of the world's reefs that shows what you can do to help. Click to learn more about the threats to reefs in more than 90 countries. Click again to reach the people who are doing the vital work of saving those reefs. Then get involved.

73. NOAA's Coral Reef NOAA's coral Reef Highlights. NOAA coral Reef Funding Opportunities. Resources for Students and Educators. Contact Information. NOAA's coral Reef Highlights Web Site on coral reefs. NOAA's coral http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov/

Welcome to NOAA's Coral Reef online. Here you will find the latest news on NOAA's coral reef activities. Dive in and see nature's treasures in the ocean! NOAA's Coral Reef Highlights NOAA Coral Reef Funding Opportunities Resources for Students and Educators Contact Information NOAA's Coral Reef Highlights www.hawaiireef.noaa.gov or call (808) 397-2660. Aquarius Writing Contest Announced. The National Undersea Research Center (NURC) at University of North Carolina at Wilmington recently announced a writing contest for students in grades 8-12. The contest asks students to write an essay explaining why they want to live underwater in the Aquarius undersea laboratory for two weeks. Winners will be announced May 17, 2004. Visit www.uncw.edu/nurc/aquarius for more information about the contest. NOAA's Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS, www.coris.noaa.gov ) is a single point of access to NOAA coral reef information and data products. The site provides access to aerial photos, preview navigational charts, coral bleaching reports and much more. In addition to existing search capabilities, you can now search the system for specific taxa (visit www.coris.noaa.gov/data

74. Coral Reef Ecology http://www.cofc.edu/~coral/Spectra.htm

75. Coral Reef Fishes coral reef fishes This World Wide Web (WWW) site, maintained by biologist Luis A. Rocha, presents the fishes of the coral reef and reef ecology. From the homepage, visitors can read essays about http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/2298/&y

76. BBSR Coral Reef Ecology Course coral Reef ecology June 2 24, 2004. Instructors Drs. Samantha De Putron and Ross Jones, BBSR; Dr. Robbie Smith, BBSR and Georgia State University. http://www.bbsr.edu/Education/summercourses/cre/cre.html

Summer Course List Online Application Form Printable PDF Application Form SCUBA, Snorkeling and Medical Forms ... BBSR Virtual Tour Coral Reef Ecology June 2 - 24, 2004 Instructors: Drs. Samantha De Putron and Ross Jones, BBSR; Dr. Robbie Smith, BBSR and Georgia State University Open to Divers only The Coral Reef Ecology ( CRE ) course exposes the student to the reef ecosystem at all organizational levels from physiological ecology through population biology and community structure to ecosystem dynamics and ends with consideration of human impacts. CRE participants regularly come from the UK, Europe, South and Central America, and Pacific Rim countries. The maximum class size is 15. The format and content of the course is geared to upper level undergraduates and beginning graduate students. CRE is an intensive, integrated introduction comprised of lectures, required reading, laboratory exercises and field surveys. The students' work is divided into 21 hours of lectures, 24 hours of lab work, 37 hours of field work and a written exam. An additional 10-15 hours are taken to complete working-group analyses and presentations. The students are graded on participation (50%), exam (35%) and oral presentation (15%). The course requirements are completed during the three week period spent in Bermuda . All participants in the course must be certified SCUBA divers with current certification, including the

77. NOAA's Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) NOAA's coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) This Internet site, maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), provides comprehensive information about coral reefs. The http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.coris.noaa.gov&y=02ACFF68DA6C435

78. Threats To Coral Reefs Threats to coral reefs. corals and coral reefs are extremely sensitive the health of entire coral colonies. These changes may colony health when coral reefs and humans occur together http://www.uvi.edu/coral.reefer/threats.htm

Threats to Coral Reefs Corals and coral reefs are extremely sensitive. Slight changes in the reef environment may have detrimental effects on the health of entire coral colonies. These changes may be due to a variety of factors, but they generally fall within two categories: natural disturbances and anthropogenic disturbances. Although natural disturbances may cause severe changes in coral communities, anthropogenic disturbances have been linked to the vast majority of decreases in coral cover and general colony health when coral reefs and humans occur together. One of the greatest threats to coral reefs is human expansion and development. As development continues to alter the landscape, the amount of freshwater runoff increases. This terriginous runoff may carry large amounts of sediment from land-clearing areas, high levels of nutrients from agricultural areas or septic systems, as well as many pollutants such as petroleum products or insecticides. Whether it is direct sedimentation onto the reef or an increase in the turbidity of the water due to eutrophication, decreases in the amounts of light reaching corals may cause bleaching ( Brown and Ogden 1993 ). In addition, increases in the amounts of nutrients enhance the growth of other reef organisms such as sponges which may outcompete the corals for space on crowded reefs.

79. Reef Relief - Coral Reef Conservation: Science Education News Photos And Informa REEF RELIEF is a grassroots nonprofit conservation organization dedicated to Preserve and Protect the Living coral Reef Ecosystem. Reef Relief is a watchdog for the reefs, advocates water quality http://www.reefrelief.org/

Sign up! Join our online community to receive regular updates on coral reefs. Be a Sea Fan! Join Relief Relief Store Feature The Coral Reef Teacher's Guide buy now learn more Search ReefRelief.org WWW A nonprofit grassroots membership organization dedicated to Preserve and Protect Living Coral Reef Ecosystems through local, regional and international efforts. What We Do Mission and Goals Accomplishments Our Five Year Plan Who We Are Board of Directors Staff Coral Reef Conservation Program Discover Coral Reefs School Program ... Coral Reef Photo Monitoring Survey Image Archive goes online Amy Roberts School holds Science Fair at Capt Roberts House Environmental Center Blue Vision Conference: July 11-13, 2004 Reef Awareness Week: July 25-31st, 2004 Preliminary Report of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy - Governors' Draft Read Reef Relief's comments on the Preliminary Report of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy Summer is here and everyone's heading to the oceancheck out these Watchable Wildlife Guidelines Pump It - Don't Dump It: Download a brochure today to find out the penalties and why the Florida Keys is a no discharge zone.

80. Pro Dive - Coral Reef Ecology Underwater Photography. coral Reef ecology. Visual Cylinder Inspector. Compressor Theory Operation. British Military Resettlement. ROS® coral REEF ecology. http://www.prodiveusa.com/reefecology.shtml

SCUBA CAREER TRAINING SITE MAP CONTACT US HOME SCUBA DIVING ... DIVE STORE ABOUT US HOME SCUBA DIVING SNORKELING DIVE STORE ABOUT US HOME SCUBA DIVING SNORKELING ... ABOUT US Need more info? We'll be happy to send you our printed information package. You just have to fill out the request form Enroll in a program! FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions WHY PRO DIVE? COURSES DATES COSTS ... British Military Resettlement Coral reefs are the basic reason why dive resorts exist; therefore, the importance of understanding and protecting these reefs is obvious. This part of ROS helps you understand the delicate balance of the reef ecosystem, identify reef creatures and learn how to reduce diver impact on reefs. As a result, you will be able to intelligently answer questions, explain the intricacies of the environment and help protect the ecosystem by encouraging proper reef diving techniques. The advanced knowledge and skills you will acquire include: Types and origins of coral reefs Coral reef distribution, zonation and productivity

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