41. Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, And Habitats - Coral Re You ll also find slide shows on the ecology of the coral reef (under education), reef news, reefs in Hawaii, and much more. Highly recommended. http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/reef.htm

Habitats - Coral Reefs Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Buy Books about Coral Reefs Coral Reefs are a phenomenon of tropical waters and in North America are restricted to southern Florida. It's the policy of Nearctica to restrict ourselves to North America, but we just couldn't resist going a little further afield for this fascinating subject. General Conservation and Monitoring Wildlife GENERAL Jurassic Reef Park . Reinhold Leinfelder. Coral reefs and their equivalents have been around for a long time. This great site examines some prehistoric reefs and in the process gives us a lot of information about modern coral reefs. Learn about the corals that form the reefs and the animals that live on them. You'll find extensive comparisons between modern and fossil coral reef assemblages. Highly recommended. Hawaii Coral Reef Network . A great web site on coral reefs. Included here is a magnificent section on the marine life of Hawaii. You'll also find slide shows on the ecology of the coral reef (under education), reef news, reefs in Hawaii, and much more. Highly recommended.

42. Coral Reef Home hour, intensive coral Reef ecology course taught here in Boulder and in the Caribbean over winter break emphasizes the organisms found on the reefs and the http://spot.colorado.edu/~cundiff/coral.html

Coral Reef Ecology While living coral reefs constitute only about 0.1% of the sea floor (about 250K square miles, an area about twice the size of Colorado ), they contain an estimated 25% of all marine species. Now that is diversity! Tropical rainforests with 12,000 orchids and a half million insects contain a larger number of species, but almost all of them are flowering plants and insects. Coral reefs, some of which have been around continuously for 50 million years, have representative species from almost every major grouping of living organisms. Coral reefs are also among the most productive naturally-occurring ecosystems found on earth. It has been only since the development of modern SCUBA equipment in the late 1940s that significant numbers of scientists and recreational divers have been able to witness and study this small but significant portion of the marine environment. It is estimated that one billion people depend on coral reefs for their primary protein source, and the expanding world population is beginning to have major negative impacts on these reefs from: over-fishing; increased sedimentation from soil erosion from poorly managed logging operations; eutrophication from fertilizers and pesticides washed off land-based crops; and chemical toxins released into the seas either accidentally or on purpose. These healthy coral reefs are getting sick; they are noticeably threatened and are diminishing in size.

43. Eye On The Reef - Field Ecology Courses on a luxurious dive charter vessel are available for special interest groups with a focus on the ecology of the remote oceanic reefs of the coral Sea. http://www.apex-environmental.com/ReefFieldCourses.html

Eye on the Reef Field Course Participatory monitoring and education programs in coral reef assessment and management. "This reef ecology course focuses on environmental education of reef ecosystems in combination with hands-on experiences in marine environmental monitoring and reef management issues and challenges." The Eye on the Reef course allows for the active participation of participants in all aspects of numerous exciting reef monitoring and conservation activities: From initial reef reconnaissance Reef monitoring site selection, In-water data collection, result analysis and Overall assessment on the environmental health of the surveyed reef area. The reef ecology courses are based on reef research stations within some of the world's most bio-diverse tropical marine regions and can be scheduled to coincide with spectacular natural events such as coral and fish spawning or the seasonal arrival of large migratory marine life such as cetaceans. In addition, exclusive environmental expeditions on a luxurious dive charter vessel are available for special interest groups with a focus on the ecology of the remote oceanic reefs of the Coral Sea. The direct involvement of participants in the underwater reef monitoring activities and assessments is complimented by numerous specialised workshops relating to natural and human impacts on coral reefs as well as commercial, recreational and traditional reef usage.

44. Coral Reef Hotlist coral Reef ecology Home Page http//www.uvi.edu/coral.reefer/index.html There are three basic kinds of coral reefs in the Caribbean fringing reefs, barrier http://www.uen.org/utahlink/activities/view_activity.cgi?activity_id=3159

45. Coral Reef Ecology ecology of coral reefs Undergraduate Course BIO 4515. Course outline and requirements. Course Readings. Weekly themes 1. Geology, geomorphology and reef growth. http://my.fit.edu/~rvw/Lectures/Ecology of coral reefs.html

Ecology of Coral Reefs Undergraduate Course BIO 4515 Course outline and requirements Course Readings Weekly themes: 1. Geology, geomorphology and reef growth 2. The physicochemical environment 3. Corals and symbiosis 4. Clonal and aclonal organisms 5. Reproduction, recruitment and survival 6. Demography 7. Communities and community dynamics 8. Diversity and function 9. Biogeography and Evolution ... 11. Human disturbances 12. Conservation and management 13. Evaluating the past; Predicting the future

46. Coral Reef Research Group And Nutrient Laboratory coral Reef ecology BIO 463 / 563. Huston MA (1985) Patterns of species diversity on coral reefs. Annual Reviews of ecology and Systematics 16 149177. http://people.uncw.edu/szmanta/CoralReefEcology04a.htm

Coral Reef Ecology BIO 463 / 563 Aerial photo of Little Cayman Fluorescent coral: Agaricia sp. Little Cayman 15 m deep Little Cayman deep reef; tube sponges Dry Tortugas : 100 year old wreck overgrown with coral Class field trip to Belize 2002 Personnel Alina Szmant Links Contact us Course Announcement ... Lectures Syllabi Lecture Syllabus Laboratory Syllabus Group presentation list Group 1 presentation ... PDF's of Assigned Readings You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader to view / print the above files. Reef Geology Slides Coral Biology Slides Page last updated: 02/16/04 09:43 AM Coral Reef Ecology - Lectures Lecture 1 Introduction to reefs # 1 pdf 4 slides per page Lecture 2 Coral biology and feeding # 2 pdf 4 slides per page ... Lecture 13 History of reef formation (4 slides per page) Lecture 14 Reef formation # 14 4 slides per page Lecture 15 Reef growth 4 slides per page ... Lecture 18 Anthropogenic effects Coral Reef Ecology - Assigned Reading (These files may take a moment to loadplease be patient.) Done T.J. (1983) Coral Zonation: Its nature and significance.

47. TOPICS IN CORAL REEF ECOLOGY SYLLABUS BIO 802 SPRING 1999 and soft corals, typical species types and composition, biodiversity and distribution of species within a reef; 3) the ecology of coral reefs including local http://www.biology.eku.edu/SCHUSTER/bio 802/Bio802.htm

TOPICS IN CORAL REEF ECOLOGY SYLLABUS BIO 802 SPRING 1999 INSTRUCTOR: Guenter Schuster Office: Memorial Science 62 Phone: 622-1016 Check out the photo album from our spring break trip to Belize: Album OBJECTIVES: To develop an understanding of and an appreciation for coral reefs. The course will stress the ecology of coral reef ecosystems and deal with the biology and life history of the common coral reef organisms found in the Caribbean Sea. The lab will emphasize field experiences on coral reefs, and deal with the ecology and identification of common reef species. A week long field trip to Belize during spring break is required. CHECK OUT THIS SITE ON AMBERGRIS CAYE: www.ambergriscaye.com/pages/town/island.html COURSE OUTLINE WEEK TOPICS Introduction to Marine Biology (Chp 1) a. The oceans of the world b. Properties of seawater c. Composition of seawater d. Classification of Marine Environment Marine Ecology (Chp 2) a. Adaptation to Marine Life b. Spatial Distribution Review of Marine Animals (Chp 3) a. Protozoans

48. Planetary Coral Reef Research This breakthrough research will provide the algorithm tool to study global coral reef ecology, which has not been achieved to date since coral reefs are remote http://www.pcrf.org/studyone.html

Planetary Coral Reef Foundation Latest News On Our Voyage! Home PCRF Movie Donate Now! ... Contact Us Your browser does not support Javascript! Non-javascript version of this page here Planetary Coral Reef Research (Photo by Gonzalo Arcila) Given the fact that coral reefs are threatened and endangered on a planetary scale, the Planetary Coral Reef Foundation was formed in 1991 to address the global demise of coral reefs. The aim of the Foundation is (1) to monitor the health of coral reefs worldwide, (2) to develop the technique of monitoring coral reefs using satellite imagery, and (3) to provide the technology for restoration of coral reef ecosystems where and when possible. Under the direction of Dr. Phil Dustan (coral reef ecologist at the College of Charleston) and with the participation of scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, NASA/AMES, and The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Planetary Coral Reef Foundation is launching a ten year program (2000 - 2010) to establish a means to study coral reefs, using, for the first time, satellite imagery. Coral reef sites from around the world will be studied by a ground support field research team, and compared with simultaneous images taken by satellites. Scientists and Advisors Dr. Sylvia Earle

49. Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems (CCRE) major disciplines that are essential in the study of reef ecology invertebrate and The immediate aim was the synoptic investigations of Caribbean coral reefs. http://www.mnh.si.edu/biodiversity/ccre.htm

Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems (CCRE) Carrie Bow Cay, Belize History Carrie Bow Cay Facilities Focal Research Areas History The Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems (CCRE) program has its roots in a collaborative field research project conceived by six National Museum of Natural History scientists during the early 1970s. This initial group of Smithsonian researchers represented several major disciplines that are essential in the study of reef ecology: invertebrate and vertebrate zoology, botany, carbonate geology, and paleobiology. The immediate aim was the synoptic investigations of Caribbean coral reefs. Since it was expected that comparative studies would eventually be carried into other coastal environments, the original program was named Investigations of Marine Shallow Water Ecosystems (IMSWE). Program logistics and financial constraints made it advisable to establish a field station in one representative location rather than travel as a group to different places to carry out studies. After a number of dive surveys conducted by us and colleagues from other institutions, we chose the barrier reef of Belize. This reef complex turned out to be the most diverse in structure, habitat types, and animal and plant species of all locations examined. It could also be considered the most pristine system, with only minimal disturbances from the distant land mass, such as silting and run-off of nutrients and pollutants, and only moderate fishing activities by natives and a few tourists.

50. Welcome (902) 8672457 e-mail eedinger@stfx.ca. coral Reef ecology, paleoecology, sedimentology. coral reefs have been among the most http://iago.stfx.ca/people/eedinger/welcome.html

Evan Edinger (sabbatical replacement, 1998-99). Geology Department St. Francis Xavier University P. O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada office phone, (902) 867-3624, fax. (902) 867-2457 e-mail: eedinger@stfx.ca Coral reefs have been among the most important environments for global biodiversity throughout the fossil record. Understanding the history of that coral reef biodiversity is useful for conservation. Modern coral reefs are faced with enormous threats from pollution, destructive fishing methods, and other human activities. The photo on the left shows an unpolluted coral reef in Indonesia. Clear water transmits light to corals, which harbour endosymbiotic algae and require light to grow. Coral reefs are crucial for the sustainance of most tropical fisheries, which are a primary food, or protein, source for millions of people around the globe. The photo on the right shows corals on a nearshore coral reef subject to raw sewage pollution, also in Indonesia. High nutrient supplies, high sedimentation, and overfishing favour algal growth over coral growth, while high organic loading of the water promotes the growth of bioeroding organisms that break down the carbonate skeletons and reef rock that build the coral reef. This polluted reef is in serious trouble. Unfortunately, polluted reefs like the right-hand photo are becoming more common, particularly in Asia, while unpolluted coral reefs, like the left-hand photo, are increasingly rare. Studies of fossil coral reefs can help us to understand the dynamics of modern coral reefs subject to pollution, and help us to devise appropriate conservation measures. Fossil reefs harboured much of the invertebrate biodiversity in the fossil record, and waxed and waned in response to sedimentation, upwelling of nutrient-rich water, climate, and sea level change. Study of near-modern reefs in Pleistocene and Holocene sediments can tell us about how those coral reefs responded to glacial age climate changes and rapid sea level rise associated with deglaciation. Fossil and modern corals can also act as recorders of paleoceanographic conditions.

51. Scout Report Archives the Sea coral reefs. This Web site from JeanMichel Cousteau’s Ocean Futures Society offers a great way to learn more about the biology and ecology behind http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/Archives/SPT--AdvancedSearch.php?vn=Classification&vv=C

52. Are Coral Reefs Dying? funding opportunities; marine sanctuary news; new coralrelated publications; announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology; http://www.oceansonline.com/coral.htm

Are Coral Reefs Dying? brain coral at night from Drennon's Marine Gallery This is a subject near and dear to my heart because I spent a fair amount of time skin and scuba diving in the Florida Keys, the only place in the United States where you can find tropical corals. Sadly, many of the world's coral reefs are being threatened by eutrophication, sedimentation, damage from boat anchors, overfishing and overcollecting and even dynamite in some parts of the world. This page will be expanded further at a future date but for now, the links below provide a good overview of some of the problems and give you some helpful hints on how to get involved. Please read the following links: Nation's Express Concern About Coral Reef Bleaching http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s93.htm Status of the World's Coral Reefs: Executive Summary http://www.coral.noaa.gov/gcrmn/worldreef-status.html 25 Things You Can Do to Save Coral Reefs http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/25list.html Other useful coral reef links NOAA's Coral Reef http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov/

53. Coral Reef Ecology: The Trophic Structure Of Hawaiian Reefs coral Reef ecology The Trophic Structure of Hawaiian reefs. 11/16/01. Table of Contents. coral Reef ecology The Trophic Structure of Hawaiian reefs. http://krupp.wcc.hawaii.edu/BIOL200/powerpnt/trophic/

Coral Reef Ecology: The Trophic Structure of Hawaiian Reefs Click here to start Table of Contents Coral Reef Ecology: The Trophic Structure of Hawaiian Reefs Primary Producers zooxanthellae turf algae ... spaghetti worm Author: David A. Krupp Email: krupp@hawaii.edu Home Page: krupp.wcc.hawaii.edu

54. Early Warning Signs Of Global Warming: Coral Reef Bleaching Ambio 28, 188196. Additional Resources. An Introduction to coral reefs - An introduction to coral reef ecology by the University of the Virgin Islands. http://www.ucsusa.org/global_environment/global_warming/page.cfm?pageID=511

55. = Reef Relief = Coral Reef Ecologycourse = The goal of this coral reef ecology course is to raise the awareness of awareness and protection and avoid or reduce direct human impacts on coral reefs. http://www.reefrelief.org/coralreef/ecologycourse.html

Search our site: Be a Sea Fan Coral Reefs in Crisis How many of you have dived or snorkeled on a living coral reef? Many of us who have cannot help but notice that coral reefs in the Florida Keys and all over the world are beginning to show rapid signs of deterioration.. What is the cause of it? (Human impacts are placing unnatural stresses on the fragile and bologicially diverse coral reef ecosystems of the world, leading to a proliferation of coral diseases and the loss of acres of living coral. Many of these coral gardens will never recover unless we act now to reverse this decline through education and good public policy.) Objective The goal of this coral reef ecology course is to raise the awareness of students, residents, visitors and people all over the world to the fragility and importance of the coral reef ecosystem, in order to increase awareness and protection and avoid or reduce direct human impacts on coral reefs. To increase appreciation of such a beautiful ecosystem, the most biologically diverse marine ecosystem on earth.

56. EDUCATION PLANET - 218 Web Sites For Coral Reefs Grades K8 Cache. 4. The coral Reef ecology Home Page - Information on coral reefs including coral anatomy, reproduction, feeding, and diseases. http://www.educationplanet.com/search/Environment/Ecology/Coral_Reefs/

All Grades Pre-K K-2 Higher Ed Search 100,000+ top educational sites, lessons and more! Home Science Biology Found Coral Reefs ' Web Sites. Also for ' Coral Reefs 156 Lesson Plans 2 Maps 2 Videos 1 Supplie Web Sites (1 - 10 of 218): Where are Coral Reefs Located? - Coral reefs are located in tropical oceans near the equator. This website tells all of the interesting information about where to find coral reefs. Grades: K-8 Cache Hawai'i Coral Reef Network - The mission of the Hawai'i Coral Reef Network is to foster education and research on coral reefs by facilitating communication among the environmental, scientific, governmental, and public communities and to enhance the conservation of coral reefs throug Grades: Cache More About Coral Reefs - Coral reefs are found only in shallow, warm water. The water temperature is usually constant year round. The reef is made up of thousands of corals. When a coral dies, it leaves its skeleton of calcium carbonate behind. Grades: K-8 Cache The Coral Reef Ecology Home Page - Information on coral reefs including coral anatomy, reproduction, feeding, and diseases. Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive communities on Earth. They are found in the warm, clear, shallow waters of tropical oceans worldwide. Reefs have Grades: Cache Threats to Coral Reefs - Touching Reefs, even slightly, can harm them. Boats and dropped anchors can cause severe damage to these fragile ecosystems. Frequent human contact kills the reefs over time.

57. Epizoite Ecology: A Piece Of The Coral-reef Puzzle,Runnels Quarterdeck 3.2 coral surfaces raises the prospect that we may eventually use these organisms as biological indicators of environmental stress on reefs. While epizoite ecology http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/Quarterdeck/QD3.2/Runnels/runnels.html

Quarterdeck 3.2 Recent Graduate Epizoite ecology: A piece of the coral-reef puzzle by Randy J. Runnels Coral reefs harbor a diverse and abundant assemblage of tiny organisms. Just as terrestrial plants serve as habitats for a variety of insects, mites and other tiny invertebrates, reef-dwelling corals, sponges, hydrozoans and other organisms are hosts to a fascinating variety of small fauna. These "epizoites" are found on living animal substrates and include amphipods, copepods, marine mites and other parasitic and non-parasitic animals. Some species appear to move freely from one micro-habitat to another, while others are found only on specific hosts. My work in the past few years has answered some questions (and raised many more) regarding the small-scale patchiness of some of these organisms. Methods used in studying small, motile invertebrates on reefs are remarkably similar to methods used for analogous terrestrial organisms. For example, many reef-associated species respond to light changes by emerging from their substrates at dusk and resettling near dawn. This enables oceanographers to use emergence traps and light traps, nearly identical to the ones used by entomologists, to attract and capture reef zooplankton. Observations of swarming reef zooplankton indicate that at least some aspects of their behavior are reminiscent of the insect swarms with which we are more familiar. It is logistically difficult to study the ecology of epizoites on the surfaces of their host organisms. Most studies requiring the microscopic identification and counting of epizoite populations have necessitated the removal and preservation of the corals or other host organisms. Such methods are not only destructive, but the preservation of the entire host organism makes it impossible to study smaller-scale population dispersion patterns. I developed a sampler that can remove the organisms from a well-defined, small area without harming the substrate, and was able to address a variety of ecological questions.

58. CORAL REEFS INTOOLS PAGE ( Find out what DWH is in the site on bleaching). 4.What is the quantification method used in coral reef ecology ? BACK to Env. Systems Intools. http://www.pearson-college.uwc.ca/pearson/ensy/coral/coral.htm

CORAL REEFS INTOOLS PAGE: Australian Coral Reef Society: http://www.tesag.jcu.edu.au/acrs/ Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs From Space http://www.cofc.edu/~coral/Spectra.htm Coral reef, general Introduction; http://www.seaworld.org/coral_reefs/coralcr.html Status of coral reefs of the world: http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/coral-bleaching/scr1998/scr-00.html PROTOCOLS FOR CORAL REEF MONITORING http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/protocol.html coral reef info- NOAA http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov/ Tropical Ocean Coral Bleaching Indices http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_news.html Strong actions Taken - new findings on coaral Reefs http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s541.htm United States Coral Reef Task Force:reasons for value and problems. http://coralreef.gov/links.html QUESTIONS: 1. So what good are they anyway? 2. What are the major anthropogenic (human) impacts that affect Corals ? 3. What is coral bleaching? What causes it and why should we be concerned? ( Find out what DWH is in the site on bleaching) 4.What is the quantification method used in coral reef ecology ?

59. CAEE > Ecology > Ecosystems > Coral Reefs ReefBase A Global Information System On coral reefs - Includes access to online, interactive mapping on coral reefs, mangroves, and related information. http://www.garrobo.org/eng/ecology/ecosystems/coralreefs/

Central America Ecology Ecosystems Coral Reefs Content Links to relevant web sites Links NOAA's Coral Reef Information System NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network ReefBase - A Global Information System On Coral Reefs - Includes access to online, interactive mapping on coral reefs, mangroves, and related information. This is a first-rate resource. WCMC - Coral Reefs and Mangroves of the World WCMC - World distribution of coral reefs and mangroves NASA's Earth Observatory: Mapping the Decline of Coral Reefs Reefmap - Corn Islands and Pearl Cays, Nicaragua. Project goals: To supply the Corn Islands and Pearl Cays of Nicaragua with updated monitoring and baseline information on the status of coastal and marine resources to provide tools for effective management planning in the light of increasing tourism and fisheries development pressure. Overseas Research Center Page Administration Last Update: May 6, 2003

60. BUBL LINK / 5:15 Internet Resources: Coral Reefs Protection A Watershed Approach Provides information about coral reef ecology and protection, and related scholarly and environmental conservation activities. http://bubl.ac.uk/link/c/coralreefs.htm

BUBL LINK / 5:15 Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus A-Z ... About Coral reefs A-Z Index Titles Descriptions Action Atlas: Coral Reefs BBSR: Bermuda Biological Station for Research Coral Bleaching, Coral Mortality, and Global Climate Change Coral Reef Animals of the World ... United States Coral Reef Task Force: Coral Reef Conservation for the 21st Century Page last updated: 17 March 2003 Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Action Atlas: Coral Reefs Documents threats to coral reefs in regions throughout the Middle East, the Indian Ocean, East Asia, the Pacific, and the tropical Americas. Pollution, sewage, erosion, cyanide fishing, and badly run tourism are among factors considered responsible for the decline in reefs. Author: Action Atlas Subjects: coral reefs DeweyClass: ResourceType: documents, images Location: usa Last checked: BBSR: Bermuda Biological Station for Research Highlights current research initiatives, covering a range of topics relating to aspects of Bermuda's environment, including oceanography, human health, and marine biodiversity. Also offers press releases, annual reports, access to the online journal 'Currents', virtual tours, education and employment options, and details of the weather situation. Author: Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc.

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