41. What Confucius Thought A brief summary of the basic concepts behind one of the world's oldest philosophies, Chinese confucianism. http://www.heptune.com/confuciu.html

What Confucius Thought by Megaera Lorenz Confucius, since he lived in a war-torn society, was largely concerned with improving government and society. He was convinced that the problem with government and society was a lack of virtue. There were not enough government workers of the ideal kind that Confucius's pupil Zizhang described: A public servant who on confronting danger is prepared to lay down his life, who on confronting gain concentrates on what is right, who when sacrificing concentrates on reverence, who when mourning concentrates on grief should definitely be all right. (19:1, Analects This description covers most of the qualities Confucius considered virtuous: sincerity and a willingness to learn, minimal desire for material things, and loyalty. Other factors important in being virtuous included self cultivation, filial piety, extensive knowledge of ritual and poetry, humility, and a good grasp on how to conduct oneself when dealing with other people. Confucius also thought that how you go about trying to achieve something is more important than actually achieving it. Confucius believed that, because the rulers at his time were not virtuous, they did not please the common people (another important requirement for good government), and incited attacks on themselves from the other warring states. He pointed to the actions of successful historical figures as examples of good and virtuous behavior.

42. Urantia Book, Paper 131: Section 9 -- Confucianism IV. The Life And Teachings Of Jesus PAPER 131 Section 9. confucianism. P1452 successors. Ganid s summary of confucianism was P1452 http://www.urantiabook.org/newbook/ppr131_9.html

The Urantia Book Part IV. The Life And Teachings Of Jesus PAPER 131: Section 9. Confucianism Even the least God-recognizing of the world's great religions acknowledged the monotheism of the Melchizedek missionaries and their persistent successors. Ganid's summary of Confucianism was: "God is with us; therefore we have no fear in our hearts. If there be found any virtue in me, it is the manifestation of Heaven who abides with me. But this Heaven within me often makes hard demands on my faith. If God is with me, I have determined to have no doubt in my heart. Faith must be very near the truth of things, and I do not see how a man can live without this good faith. Good and evil do not befall men without cause. Heaven deals with man's soul in accordance with its purpose. When you find yourself in the wrong, do not hesitate to confess your error and be quick to make amends. "A wise man is occupied with the search for truth, not in seeking for a mere living. To attain the perfection of Heaven is the goal of man. The superior man is given to self-adjustment, and he is free from anxiety and fear. God is with you; have no doubt in your heart. Every good deed has its recompense. The superior man murmurs not against Heaven nor holds a grudge against men. What you do not like when done to yourself, do not to others. Let compassion be a part of all punishment; in every way endeavor to make punishment a blessing. Such is the way of Great Heaven. While all creatures must die and return to the earth, the spirit of the noble man goes forth to be displayed on high and to ascend to the glorious light of final brightness."

43. Confucianism Hub Selection of links to articles and essays. http://www.knowdeep.org/confucianism/

Confucianism hub Confucianism was founded about 500 years before Christ by Kung Fu-tzu (552-479 BC). According to the Confucians, man is the most important factor in the world because he can "formulate ethics for the universe, provide sustenance for the people, carry forward consummate learnings into posterity, and win peace for thousands of generations to come." In this site, you will find the most informational and up-to-date links about Confucianism. Overviews - Research articles The Geography of Confucianism - by Timothy C. Pitts, Assistant Professor of Geography at Morehead State University. The First Neo-Confucianism - An Introduction to Yang Hsiung's "Canon Of Supreme Mystery" - by Michael Nylan and Nathan Sivin Confucius and Confucianism - by Barnard Electronic Archive and Teaching Laboratory. A Synopsis of the Ethics of Confucianism - by Fritz G. Cohen. "Confucianism: The Neglected "Eastern Religion" - by Julia M. Hardy. Confucianism's Influence On Marriage In The Choson Dynasty Of Korea - by Haejin Elizabeth Koh. Confucianism by the Interfaith Center of New York The Religionism of Confucianism - by Matthew Zinman.

44. Confucianism And Taoism Digital Texts Resources confucianism and Taoism Digital Texts Resources. Lao SzeKwang s Lexicon of confucianism Definitions of terms, bibliographical entries in Chinese. http://www.human.toyogakuen-u.ac.jp/~acmuller/contaolink.htm

Confucianism and Taoism Digital Texts Resources Part of Charles Muller's Resources for the Study of East Asian Language and Thought Maintained by Dr. Charles Muller , Toyo Gakuen University [acmuller@toyogakuen-u.ac.jp] Established: 1995.7.30 Updated: 2000.04.17 Dokisha Home Page (At Kyoto University Humanities Institute) : A steadily growing collection of essential Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist e-texts,in JIS, Big5 and GB encodements. Presently seems to be the largest site for Japanese-encoded classical texts. An active project, so worthwhile to recheck frequently. Academia Sinica Text Retrieval System: (Taiwan) World's largest online collection of searchable Chinese texts. In Big5 code. Wesleyan Neo-Confucian Etext Project : Organized by Dr. Steven Angle. An excellent and continually developing site, which houses Chinese philosophical texts ranging from the earliest classics to the Qing period. Encoded in Big-5. Fabrizio Pregadio's Taoist Alchemical Texts Fabrizio Pregadio's Chinese Medical Classics E-Texts , including the Suwen (209Kb), Lingshu (168 Kb), Nanjing (31 Kb), Shanghan lun (180 Kb), Jingui yaolue (81 Kb), Shennong bencao jing (36 Kb), Bian Que - Canggong liezhuan (from the Shiji) (20 Kb) [Big5]." Lao Sze-Kwang's Lexicon of Confucianism : Definitions of terms, bibliographical entries in Chinese.

45. Confucianism And Its Relevance To The Filipino Family By R. Rafael L. Dolor Article by R. Rafael L. Dolor. Argues that Confucian virtues are consonant with Filipino family values. http://www.geocities.com/philodept/diwatao/confucianism.htm

Vol. 1 No. 1 HOME CURRENT ISSUE EDITORIAL BOARD CONTRIBUTION ... ARCHIVES CONFUCIANISM AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE FILIPINO FAMILY R. Rafael L. Dolor INTRODUCTION The history of philosophy is replete with thinkers who have had such great impact on humanity. History will attest to the lasting legacy that philosophers have left behind, and even in our times today, their names and views on life and the world are still remembered. Generations to come will hopefully still recall them with such fondness. Confucius was born in 551 BC to a poor family, and as a young man, tended sheep and oxen (Co, 1992:104). At the age of fifty, he entered government service but was forced to resign after a political intrigue (Fung Yu-lan, 1960: 38). He went into exile and spent the next thirteen years of his life travelling from one state to another, hoping to find an opportunity to realize his ideal of political and social reform (Yu-lan, 1960: 38). He loved the glory and the grandeur of the past age and its leaders. It was, for him, a duty to bring that great era back to Chinese society-an era when government leaders were righteous, virtues were upheld and morality, rightfully observed. This dream of Confucius unfortunately never materialized. He died in 479 BC a disappointed and rejected man. A story is beautifully mentioned by Alfredo Co (1996:105). This story gives the reader an idea of the great influence that Confucius had to generations that came after his death:

46. Neo-Confucianism Neoconfucianism. Neo-confucianism The synthesis of Taoist cosmology and Japan prior to the modern period. History. 1) confucianism http://faculty.washington.edu/mkalton/NeoConfucianism.htm

Neo-Confucianism Neo-Confucianism: The synthesis of Taoist cosmology and Buddhist spirituality around the core of Confucian concern with society and government, a synthesis which predominated in the intellectual and spiritual life of China, Korea, and Japan prior to the modern period. History 1) Confucianism 2) Neo-Confucianism 3) The Founders The four main architects of this new vision during the early years were Chou Tun-i (1017-1073), Chang Tsai (1020-1077), and his nephews, the brothers Ch'eng Hao (1032-1083) and Ch'eng I (1033-1108). Chou's Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate Ten Diagrams ; it became the cornerstone of Neo-Confucian metaphysics. Chang Tsai elaborated a monistic metaphysics based, like Chou's Diagram , on the Book of Changes li , "principle," which became the pivot point of Neo-Confucian metaphysics, psychology, and ascetical doctrine. 4) Chu Hsi and Wang Yang-ming The central figure in this Confucian revival, however, was Chu Hsi (1130-1200). He creatively synthesized the rather disparate contributions of these earlier thinkers into a coherent, powerful vision. His commentaries on the Four Books3 wove a classical foundation for this vision so persuasively that in 1313 his interpretation was made normative for the civil service examinations. The Ch'eng-Chu school, so called because of the centrality of the Ch'engs' contribution to Chu Hsi's system, thus achieved the status of an officially sanctioned orthodoxy. The "Lu-Wang school" equated mind with li 5) The Four Books The Neo-Confucian movement developed metaphysical and ascetical dimensions essential to revitalizing the Confucian tradition. In the course of this, it also reshaped the classical canon as attention focused particularly on works which spoke to these new concerns. The

47. FORE: Religion-Confucianism-Sacred Texts confucianism and Ecology research resources. Includes bibliography, essays, sacred confucianism Sacred Texts. 1. Introduction to Textual http://environment.harvard.edu/religion/religion/confucianism/texts/

Machine translation powered by Systran Forum on Religion and Ecology Information Religion ... Islam Confucianism Sacred Texts 1. Introduction to Textual Resources Book of History, Poetry, Changes, Rites, and the Spring and Autumn Annals. The principal teachings of Confucius, as contained in the Analects, emphasize the practice of moral virtues, especially humaneness or love ( jen ) and filiality ( hsiao 2. Classic Resources Confucius, Analects Ta Hsüeh, The Great Learning from The Book of Ritual The Great Learning summarizes the essential role of humans: to cultivate themselves through both their sincere intentions and their clear examination of things. In so doing a person can help to establish order in both the family and the state. The image here is the power of illustrious virtue to spread to others like ripples in a pond. The ancients who wished clearly to exemplify illustrious virtue throughout the world would first set up good government in their states. Wishing to govern well their states, they would first regulate their families. Wishing to regulate their families, they would first cultivate their persons. Wishing to cultivate their persons, they would first rectify their minds. Wishing to rectify their minds, they would first seek sincerity in their thoughts. Wishing for sincerity in their thoughts, they would first extend their knowledge. The extension of knowledge lay in the investigation of things.

48. Confucianism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia confucianism. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. confucianism ( Pinyin Later developments in confucianism. Between the gentlemen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism

Confucianism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Confucianism Pinyin School of Literati , is an East Asian ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of Confucius Debated during the Warring States Period and forbidden during the short founder Qin dynasty , Confucianism was chosen by Han emperor Han Wu Di and used as a political system and a kind of state religion. Despite loss of influence during the Tang dynasty, Confucianist doctrine remained mainstream Chinese orthodoxy for two millennia, until the beginning of 20th century Since Confucius' death, many people, mostly in China Korea Japan and Vietnam , have professed Confucianist beliefs and seen in this historical figure the "Greatest Master." Taoism and Buddhism are two other systems of thought with a major influence on China but, during the Song Dynasty Zhu Xi and other thinkers built a renewed Confucianism integrating their mystical aspirations into a syncretic system referred in the West as to Neo-Confucianism Table of contents 1 Development of early Confucianism 2 Rites and Government 3 Meritocracy 5 Some key concepts in Confucian thought ... 6.1 Neo-Confucianism

49. Confucianism's Influence On Marriage In The Choson Dynasty Of Korea Scholarly study by Haejin Elizabeth Koh. Uses this historical case to consider confucianism's relationship to family structure. http://www2.soc.hawaii.edu/css/dept/owr/Haejin.html

50. Neo-Confucianism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Neoconfucianism. The term should not be mistaken for New confucianism which is an effort to apply confucianism to the 21st century. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Confucianism

Neo-Confucianism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Neo-Confucianism Pinyin Confucianism that was primarily developed during the Song dynasty , but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li Ao in the Tang dynasty . The term should not be mistaken for New Confucianism which is an effort to apply Confucianism to the 21st century. Neo-Confucianism was essentially a response by the Confucians to the dominance of the Daoists and Buddhists . Neo-Confucians such as Zhu Xi recognized that the Confucian system of the time did not include a thoroughgoing metaphysical system and so devised one. There were of course many competing views within the Neo-Confucian community, but overall, a system emerged that resembled both Buddhist and Daoist thought of the time and some of the ideas expressed in the Book of Changes (I Ching) as well as other yin yang theories associated with the Taiji symbol ( Taijitu ). A well known Neo-Confucian motif is paintings of Confucius Buddha , and Lao Tzu all drinking out of the same vinegar jar, paintings associated with the slogan "The three teachings are one!"

51. Urantia Book, Paper 131: Section 9 -- Confucianism The summary of Confucian doctrines which is current among followers of the Urantia religion. http://www.ubfellowship.org/newbook/ppr131_9.html

The Urantia Book Part IV. The Life And Teachings Of Jesus PAPER 131: Section 9. Confucianism Even the least God-recognizing of the world's great religions acknowledged the monotheism of the Melchizedek missionaries and their persistent successors. Ganid's summary of Confucianism was: "God is with us; therefore we have no fear in our hearts. If there be found any virtue in me, it is the manifestation of Heaven who abides with me. But this Heaven within me often makes hard demands on my faith. If God is with me, I have determined to have no doubt in my heart. Faith must be very near the truth of things, and I do not see how a man can live without this good faith. Good and evil do not befall men without cause. Heaven deals with man's soul in accordance with its purpose. When you find yourself in the wrong, do not hesitate to confess your error and be quick to make amends. "A wise man is occupied with the search for truth, not in seeking for a mere living. To attain the perfection of Heaven is the goal of man. The superior man is given to self-adjustment, and he is free from anxiety and fear. God is with you; have no doubt in your heart. Every good deed has its recompense. The superior man murmurs not against Heaven nor holds a grudge against men. What you do not like when done to yourself, do not to others. Let compassion be a part of all punishment; in every way endeavor to make punishment a blessing. Such is the way of Great Heaven. While all creatures must die and return to the earth, the spirit of the noble man goes forth to be displayed on high and to ascend to the glorious light of final brightness."

52. Tokugawa Neo-Confucianism Tokugawa Ieyasu s central concern was the restoration of peace and order to warravaged Japan; in order to accomplish this, he turned to China and confucianism http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/TOKJAPAN/NEO.HTM

Japan Glossary Bakufu Daimyo system of government, the bakufu , or military, government of the Tokugawa shogunate reserved the right to inspect the 250 or so autonomous territories, or han under the control of various daimyo . In order to oversee all these territories, about three-fourths of Japan, and autonomous daimyo , the Tokugawa shogunate established an elaborate bureaucracy modelled after the Chinese imperial bureaucracy. Although Confucianism had been rooted in Japan since the sixth century A.D., it had largely been confined to Buddhist monasteries; however, Tokugawa Ieyasu turned to Confucianism, particularly Neo-Confucianism, as he began to build the bureaucracy which would eventually bring about over 260 years of domestic peace. Fujiwara Seika met Fujiwara Seika (1561-1619) long before he rose to the shogunate and still served under Toyotomi Hideyoshi . Seika was a devoted student of China and Chinese poetry, and became convinced that the most important advance in China was the establishment of Neo-Confucianism as the official orthodoxy. Its great virtue was its secularity; it focussed on the rational understanding of the human and material worlds.

53. Confucianism/ - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Article from this openlyedited encyclopedia. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism/

Confucianism/ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Wikipedia does not have an article on this topic yet. To start the article, click Edit this page Views Article Discussion Edit Personal tools Log in Navigation Main Page Community portal Current events Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Special pages About Wikipedia

54. Confucianism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. confucianism. In its early form (before the 3d cent. BC) confucianism was primarily a system of ethical precepts for the proper management of society. http://www.bartleby.com/65/co/Confucia.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Confucianism (k nfy n z m) ( KEY ) , moral and religious system of China. Its origins go back to the

55. Neo-Confucianism And Later Confucian Philosophy An article from Chinaknowledge covering the historical context of the NeoConfucian awakening, and profiling some key thinkers within this tradition. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Classics/neoconfucianism.htm

56. Lesson: Women And Confucianism (Women In World History Curriculum) Classroom Lesson Series. Women and confucianism. ©19962004 womeninworldhistory.com. For 2,500 years Confucian teachings have influenced http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/lesson3.html

Classroom Lesson Series Women and Confucianism womeninworldhistory.com For 2,500 years Confucian teachings have influenced the thought and behavior of peoples in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. A major emphasis of Asian women scholars has been the examination of Confucian ideology on their history and current status. Scholar Xiao Ma has said: "Women always have been fighting for a way out of the Confucian shadows." Although the early Chinese had no real commitment to subordination of women, over time Confucian teachings were expanded upon. It was during the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E. - 220 C.E.) that Confucianism was adopted as the government's state doctrine, with his thoughts becoming part of official education. In later dynasties, Neoconfucian interpretations further reinforced male authority and patrilineal customs. According to the Confucian structure of society, women at every level were to occupy a position lower than men. Most Confucians accepted the subservience of women to men as natural and proper. At the same time they accorded women's honor and power as mother and mother-in-law within their family. Through the years a whole body of literature was written, educating women on self-discipline, etiquette, relationships with in-laws, household management, humility, and chastity. Biographies written about admirable women emphasized their unselfish loyal and self-sacrificing willingness to do anything to help their husband and his family. Although ideology is one thing and the reality of the lives of women often another, the long shadow of basic beliefs about the nature and role of women had far-reaching effects. This activity offers traditional sayings based on interpretations of Confucian beliefs to help raise awareness of the implications of such sayings on women's historic participation and status in their societies.

57. Confucianism confucianism. Put simply, confucianism is the quest for order. Most of the ideology dictates that the primary focus of Confucian http://mcel.pacificu.edu/as/students/vb/Confuci.htm

Confucianism Put simply, Confucianism is the quest for order. Most of the ideology dictates that the primary focus of Confucian doctrine is to balance the relationships of individual family, and society with the Five Agents of the Universe. More a method of management than an actual religion, it became a mode by which rulers and civic leaders could run the bureaucracy of the state. For the most part, Vietnam was considered a Confucian state until the mid nineteenth century. The Confucian state is often stratified into classes, and only the most scholarly elite need conform to Confucian ideals. Leaders were decided by examination over sacred texts. As a result, the peasant or farmer had little to say over the workings of their government. Confucianism is not an exclusionary doctrine, it works well with other moral codes and can synthesize easily. In Vietnam, Confucianism was used primarily for the running of the state, and Taoism and Buddhism for the morality of its citizens. Most of the issues that the Confucian scholars concerned themselves with, during their tenure in power was the proper regulation of the state from the top down and the division of communal property among the citizenry. The Confucian system of philosophy lost prominence in more recent history, but is still common among government bureaucrats and leaders. Back to Home Page

58. Confucianism Notes by J. Dominguez on the basic attibutes of this philosophy. http://www.religion-cults.com/Eastern/Confucianism/confuci.htm

CONFUCIANISM Confucianism is a "code of conduct" to live this life, and it has had a tremendous impact on how the Chinese live their lives... with a great influence in Chinese government, education, and attitudes toward correct personal behavior and the individual duties to society. - No church nor clergy; no teaching on the worship of God or gods, or life after death. Founded in China by "Kung-futze", "master Kung", known as "Confucius" (551-479 AC). Confucius wanted to be a politician, even a Prime Minister, but he failed... and dedicated to preach good moral conduct... after his death he is the Chinese most influential in the history of China, and had all the honors he never had in life: The Government ordered the "worship of Confucius", and named him the "Co-Assessor with the deities of Heaven and Earth". His precepts and principles were incorporated into the Chinese Law in 210 BC. His way to please God or the gods is through a "good conduct" with your family, neighbors, and society... if you are a good person, God is going to like you, as we already commented in Taoism. Some say that Confucianism is no religion in reality, because Confucius is a philosopher, moralist, statesman and educationist, but no religionist. They say that the thoughts and teachings of Confucius are ethical philosophy, political and educational principle, but not religious philosophy

59. Confucianism The Greatest Religion Of Mankind Essay on the enduring relevance of Confucian philosophy. From the Society of Theory of Everything. http://www.iewu.org/Confuciu.htm

60. China, Confucianism And Philosophies People. confucianism. confucianism formed the basis for the social order in China since 200 BC. It provided the working rules and http://www.index-china.com/index-english/Confucius and Confucianism.html

Home Agriculture Art Business ... Travel People Confucianism Confucianism formed the basis for the social order in China since 200 BC. It provided the working rules and ethical precepts for Chinese to follow. Even today majority of Chinese still behave according to these rules. Confucianism views individual as a social creature obligated to each other through relationships. These may include the relations between sovereign and subject, parent and child, elder and younger, husband and wife, or even friend and friend. Confucianism defined the rules in the engagement, action, and responsibilities in all these human relationships and interactions. Proper conduct proceeds not through compulsion, but through a sense of virtue and self-consciousness achieved by learning, observing and practicing. Confucianism has a lot of similarities with socialism today. Both promote collective interests and community welfare. Both emphasize the educational or remolding process in serving the common good of the society. These concepts may be quite different from the West that every individual is a completely independent entity. Individual freedom is well above the social order and welfare. Confucius is one of the greatest educators. He insisted that in education there should be no class distinctions. He established an education system for training in administrative and diplomatic arts. The system was later adapted as a central government examination system in selecting senior officers. For years, all students and scholars alike worked very hard for the annual examination in the hope that they might become senior officers in the government.

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