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41. Mayotte Travel, Mayotte Hotels, Mayotte Beaches, Mayotte Island Travel, Mayotte
Off the Beaten Track Activities - history - Culture - Environment http//www.dts.mg/actionmd/regional.htm-. It also is part of the comoros Island group - But
http://www.budgettravel.com/mayotte.htm

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Mayotte Island Travel Dzaoudzi Town - Mamoudzou City
Mayotte Island is in the southern Indian Ocean - near southeastern Africa - Mayotte Island is part of France - It also is part of the Comoros Island group - But the group, except for Mayotte, are now an independent Country called Comoros - Mayotte Island stayed part of France - It has a deep water harbour at the town of Dzaoudzi
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Related Travel Information:
Rodrigues Island Vacation Rentals Mauritius Island Vacation Rentals Seychelles Vacation Rentals Hiking Madagascar/Mauritius/Mayotte/Seychelles/Reunion/Comoros ... Diving Madagascar/Mauritius/Mayotte/Seychelles/Reunion/Comoros Nearby Islands: Comoros Travel Info + Travel Agents/Tour Operators Madagascar Travel Info + Travel Agents/Tour Operators Mauritius Travel Info + Travel Agents/Tour Operators Seychelles Travel Info + Travel Agents/Tour Operators ... Rodrigues Island Travel Info + Travel Agents/Inbound Operators Related Travel Information = All Countries in Africa Airlines To/From Africa Kenya Animals of Kenya ... Botswana Accommodation Information (150+ Countries Listed) Accommodation Exchanges Accommodation Rentals Worldwide Hotels in Europe House Sitting Worldwide ... USA Hostels Mayotte Travel Information: Mayotte: http://www.mayotte-contacts.com/

42. NCBuy: Comoros History - Country Reference
Backgrounds comoros history. After World War II, the islands became a French overseasterritory Agreement was reached with France in 1973 for comoros to become
http://www.ncbuy.com/reference/country/backgrounds.html?code=cn&sec=backhistory

43. MSN Encarta - Comoros
The history of the comoros archipelago has Traders and seafarers from Africa and Madagascarwere attracted to the islands because they provided fertile soil
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566120/Comoros.html
MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items animal life more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks
Comoros
Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics News Search MSNBC for news about Comoros Internet Search Search Encarta about Comoros Search MSN for Web sites about Comoros Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement Comoros Multimedia 5 items Dynamic Map View map of Comoros Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources The People of Comoros Economy ... History I Introduction Print Preview of Section Comoros , independent state comprising a group of islands in the Indian Ocean . Located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel , the islands lie about 290 km (about 180 mi) from Mozambique and about 320 km (about 200 mi) from Madagascar . Comoros has been a self-governing state since 1975 when three of the four islands of the Comoros archipelago broke away from French rule. The three islands are Njazidja (also called Grande Comore), Nzwani (Anjouan) and Mwali (Moh©li). The capital city, Moroni, is located on Njazidja. Comoros claims sovereignty over the fourth island

44. Comoros Islands, Pierre Pahlavi
island s diversity and particularities, but governments have tried to unite all theislands in an They forgot that the comoros have a history, a territory
http://grad.usask.ca/gateway/archive19.html

Back to: Article Catalog
THE COMOROS: "The Federation of the Quarrelsome Sultans" Pierre Cyril Pahlavi, Ph. D. Candidate
Department of Political Science
McGill University
"History does not repeat itself, but it sometimes reveals curious constants."
(Abdoul Djabir)
Abstract: Since its independence, the Comoros Federation has been faced with a profound crisis that affects its political institutions. Today, even its territorial integrity is questioned. In 1997, two of the three islands decided to secede, breaking the young federation into pieces. This article attempts to demonstrate that the disintegration of the Comorian federation can better be understood by taking into account the strong forces that have characterised the twenty-five years of its short history. These forces are the archipelago's natural tendency towards political breakdown, the specific interests of France, and the authoritarian and centralising policy of the federal government in Moroni.
This article attempts to show the chaotic and incredible history of this volcanic archipelago, punctuated by numerous and theatrical developments. This paper also aims to expand the study on this Indian Ocean archipelago, which has so far been neglected. In the first part, which covers the period from independence to the advent of the federation, the author gives a general idea of 1) the pre-colonial and colonial history of the Comorian archipelago, 2) the walk towards independence, and 3) the Mayotte island's dissent. He also analyses 4) the rejection of the federation option in 1978, 5) the ambiguous French policy, 6) the circumstances surrounding the declaration of independence and 7) the advent of an independent Comorian entity without the Mahorian island.

45. Comoros/Government - Encyclopedia Article About Comoros/Government. Free Access,
organizations can be considered to be regional versions of the four stars representthe four main islands of the of France, but claimed by comoros); the design
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Comoros/Government
Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia
Comoros/Government
Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros is ruled by Colonel Azali Assoumani Azali Assoumani
place image here
Time in office: April 30, 1999-January 21, 2002 (first time);
May 26, 2002- (second time)
Predecessor: Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde (first time);
Hamada Madi (second time)
Successor: Hamada Madi (first time)
Date of Birth: January 1, 1959
Place of Birth: Mitsoudjé, Comoros
Click the link for more information. . The political situation in Comoros The Union of Comoros is an independent country at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique. The country consists of three volcanic islands: Grande Comore, Moheli and Anjouan, while the nearby island of Mayotte is claimed by Comoros but declined independence from France. Union des Comores
Click the link for more information. has been extremely fluid since the country's independence in 1975, subject to the volatility of coups and political insurrection. Colonel Azali seized power in a bloodless coup in April 1999, overthrowing Interim President Tadjiddine Ben Said Massounde, who himself had held the office since the death of democratically elected President Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim in November, 1998. In May 1999, Azali decreed a constitution that gave him both executive and legislative powers. Bowing somewhat to international criticism, Azali appointed a civilian Prime Minister, Bainrifi Tarmidi, in December 1999; however, Azali retained the mantle of Head of State and army Commander. In December 2000, Azali named a new civilian Prime Minister, Hamada Madi, and formed a new civilian Cabinet. When Azali took power he also pledged to step down in April 2000 and relinquish control to a democratically elected president, a pledge which he has yet to fulfill.

46. ICRC Regional Delegation: Pretoria
In addition, the regional delegation pursued its efforts to promote humanitarianlaw African governments – gave each of the three comoros islands control of
http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList176/A1378A226A360E52C1256B660060
About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Annual Report Annual Report ICRC regional delegation: Pretoria
Large map
(PDF format - Help
Updated 12/2000 Summary of ICRC activities in 2000 (full PDF version)
In 2000, the regional delegation covered: Comoros, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland.
Instability in the Comoros
In January, Anjouan confirmed its intention to secede – and hence to repudiate the April 1999 Antananarivo agreement which granted the island a large degree of autonomy [1] – in a referendum whose results were rejected by the federal authorities in Moroni. The authorities also imposed economic and financial sanctions on Anjouan, and the OAU threatened to do likewise if the island’s leaders failed to sign the Antananarivo agreement promptly. Following a mission to the country in June, the OAU also urged the government of the Comoros, led by Colonel Assoumani (who had survived a coup
Sentencing of police and military personnel involved in Lesotho mutinies
The trials of police and military personnel accused of mutiny following the events of 1997 [2] and 1998 [3] continued into 2000. A total of 25 members of the police and three military personnel, all of whom were receiving ICRC visits, were tried and sentenced. The general elections originally scheduled for March, then for October, were further postponed until 2001, and this prolonged the political instability which had beset the country for several years.

47. Pretoria, Regional Delegation (Comoros, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychell
In addition, the regional delegation pursued its efforts to raise awareness of and degreeof autonomy to each of the three islands of the comoros archipelago
http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList171/A473BA4D02828759C1256B66005E
About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Annual Report Annual Report Pretoria, regional delegation (Comoros, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland)
Following the general elections in June, which went off peacefully and resulted in a clear victory for the ANC,* the presidency of the Republic of South Africa passed from Nelson Mandela to Thabo Mbeki.
Violence persists in South Africa
Army coup d’©tat in the Comoros

The ICRC carried out several missions to the Comoros in 1999 in order to assess the humanitarian situation and to hold talks with the civilian and military authorities and with officials of the National Society. During one of these missions, the ICRC was informed of the release of four detainees whom it had registered in December 1998. [34]
Withdrawal of foreign forces from Lesotho
The last of the Botswana and South African peacekeeping forces withdrew from Lesotho in late April and early May. These forces had been brought in under the aegis of the SADC in September 1998 in order to restore order in the country [35]. In addition, the past year also saw the continuing trial of members of the Lesotho armed forces charged with mutiny after the events of 1998.
Evaluation of the nutrition and kitchen garden project in Madagascar’s prisons
IN 1999 THE ICRC:

  • revisited 78 security detainees at the central prison and at the high security prison in Maseru (Lesotho) in April ; in December, paid a further visit to 74 of these detainees, the others having been released in the meantime;

48. Comoros
The history of the comoros archipelago has Traders and seafarers from Africa and Madagascarwere attracted to the islands because they provided fertile soil
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/GeogHist/histories/history/hiscountries/C/co
Comoros
A referendum on independence was held in the Comoros in 1974, when Mayotte voted by a small majority to remain with France. France put up no opposition when the other three islands declared their independence in 1975. Since 1975, however, France has continued to play a dominant role in the life of the islands and has made use of mercenaries four times to bring about changes in regime. Comoros remains closely tied to France and its interests in the Indian Ocean. After elections were held in Comoros in March 1996, the elected president, Mohamed Taki Abdulkarim, drafted a new constitution that extends the authority of the president and establishes Islam as the basis for all legislation.

49. Crackdown On Opposition
regional countries have been preparing plans for a naval blockade of also consider another sanctions resolution on the entire comoros islands, whose 692,000
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/36/075.html
Documents menu
Crackdown On Opposition
UN Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN), 6 September 2000
More than 100 people were reportedly arrested on Saturday after security forces loyal to Colonel Said Abderemanein broke up clashes between pro-separatists and anti-regime militants over the cooperation deal. Most of those detained are believed to be from the opposition. On Saturday, the Comoro government unilaterally lifted travel, communications and economic sanctions on Anjouan applied by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) over Abderemanein's refusal to accept an OAU-mediated peace agreement signed in Madagascar in April 1999. That accord guaranteed greater autonomy for the three Comoros islands of Moroni, Moheli and Anjouan within a federal structure. The envoy said the ball was now in the OAU's court, which insists the Madagascar accord remains the basis of an agreement. Regional countries have been preparing plans for a naval blockade of Anjouan led by South Africa after two rounds of sanctions this year crippled the Anjouan economy but failed to end the secession crisis.

50. Africa Intelligence's Back Issues
comoros islands POLITICAL AND FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES comoros islands President Said ETHIOPIAINSTABILITY CAUSES regional ELECTIONS TO BE POSTPONED Ethiopia s
http://www.africaintelligence.com/ps/AN/Arch/ION/ION_520.asp
Indigo Publications
Aldabra.com

Africa Intelligence

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    THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER # 520 - 28/03/1992 REUNION ISLAND "WHITE ANGEL" VICTORIOUS Not since the riots in February 1991 in the downtown Chaudron district of Reunion Island's principal city, Saint Denis, has their been such a warning fired across the bows of Reunion Island's mainstream political parties, until last week end's French regional elections. (...). [Total : 784 Words]. REUNION ISLAND SUCRERIES DE BOURBON BUYS INTO REGIONAL AIR COMPANY The leading Reunion Island based food group, Sucreries de Bourbon has bought 21% of shares in Corse Air International (based in Corsica). (...). [Total : 146 Words].

    51. Comoros Government
    each island); members selected by regional councils for six claims FrenchadministeredMayotte; the islands of Anjouan Mwali) have moved to secede from comoros.
    http://www.abacci.com/atlas/politics.asp?countryID=174

    52. The Federal Islamic Republic Of The Comoros Government
    each island); members selected by regional councils for claims FrenchadministeredMayotte; the islands of Anjouan The Federal Islamic Republic of the comoros.
    http://www.abacci.com/atlas/politics2.asp?misspellID=132

    53. BBC News | AFRICA | Coup Leaders Want To Rejoin Comoros
    have been 19 coups or attempted takeovers in the comoros islands since independencefrom See also 30 Apr 99 Africa The comoros - a history of instability.
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/africa/newsid_1483000/1483888.stm
    CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: Africa Front Page World ... AudioVideo
    SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Friday, 10 August, 2001, 19:33 GMT 20:33 UK Coup leaders want to rejoin Comoros
    Comoros has had 19 coups or coup attempts in 26 years
    Military coup leaders have tightened their grip on the separatist Indian Ocean island of Anjouan and say they want to rejoin the Comoros. A spokesman for the military committee, Salim Ali Abdou, told the BBC the new administration had been in touch with the Prime Minister of the Grand Comoros. Mr Ali Abdou said they wanted regional autonomy and not total secession. He said the ousted president Seid Abeid Abderemane, who is under house arrest, would be put on trial for corruption and abuse of power. No new leader So far no new leader has been announced. The new rulers have urged civilians to return to work and not to be afraid. In 1997, Anjouan declared that it had unilaterally seceded from the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros and ever since has been rocked by instability and an uncertain status.
    It complained that it did not receive its fair share of revenue from the export of ylang-ylang flowers used in perfume.

    54. Travel
    in the waters of the Comoro islands The fish comoros The WTG entry for comoros includestourist social profiles, a synopsis of national history and government.
    http://www.siftthru.com/comtrav.htm
    Travel Airlines/Hotels/Resorts/Tourism Main Region AfriDive - Comoros
    Comoros Home Services Index Specials Feedback Bibliography What'sNew The Comoros are a group of tropical islands situated off the Northern coast of Madagascar, and only a three hour flight from South Africa. ArabNet Comoros, Transport, Air
    See base of page for navigation See base of page for navigation DjiboutiTransport Air Djibouti has the republic's international airport, some 5km south of the city. There are also airports at Obock and Tadjoura. Regional airlines serve Djibouti as do Air France, Air Djibouti ASE: Africa Hotel Search and Hotel Reservations Directory
    Atevo Travel: Destination Comoros

    Find detailed destination guides, national park information, world and city maps, driving directions, street maps, and other vacation planning resources Comoros
    The climate is hot and humid along the coasts, while cool and dry in the
    mountains. The terrain is volcanic in origin, with many hills and valleys.
    The Arab culture permeates Comoros Casinos
    A complete directory of Comoros casinos, organized alphabetically by casino name, showing detailed information for each casino

    55. News
    Country Information on comoros islands Country Profile Togo and the comoros hadasked entertainment, culture (programme schedule, personalities, history).
    http://www.siftthru.com/comnews.htm
    Main Region AdmiNet - Comoros
    Africa Intelligence
    Provides information about the western Indian Ocean area
    as well as Africa by drawing information from articles in journals such as The Indian Ocean Newsletter. BBC Afrique French service of BBC Radio. News, current affairs. Also sports, variety of music, politics, social news, English teaching and educational programmes. Basic information (frequencies, broadcast schedule). (In English, French.) BBC World Service - Swahili Swahili service of BBC Radio. News, current affairs. Also sports, variety of music, politics, social news, English teaching and educational programmes (frequencies, real audio - selected programmes, programme highlights, history).(In English, Swahili.) Comoros
    Comoros Agriculture Education Industry Products Banking Energy
    Investments Publications Business Services Exchange Networks Medical
    Real Estate Communications Fine Arts Organizations Safaris/Tours
    Construction Financial Services Projects Travel Comoros. Economy. Defense. Government. People.

    56. Posters_NASBR.html
    Bat Conservation in the comoros islands Past Efforts American Museum of Natural HistorySPELEOBOOKS Award para el Desarrollo Integral regional, Durango, México
    http://www.nasbr.org/Victoria/Posters_NASBR.html
    Poster Session
    Thursday and Friday, October 25 and 26, 2001
    Posters will be on display for two full days in the Prefunction Lobby of the VCC . Authors should set up their posters in the early morning on Thursday, October 25 and remove them at 6:00 p. m. on Friday, October 26. Authors should be present to answer questions between 4:00 p. m. and 6:00 p. m. on Friday, October 26.
    Student Poster Competition Audio-Vocal Matching in Greater Spear-Nosed Bats.
    Kirsten M. Bohn*, Cynthia F. Moss, and Gerald S. Wilkinson, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
    The Impact of Ecological and Latitudinal Gradients on the Phylogeographic Structuring of Cynopterus brachyotis in Southeast Asia: A Preliminary Analysis.
    Polly Campbell*, Thomas H. Kunz, Christopher J. Schneider, and Akbar Zubaid, Boston University, Boston, MA; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor
    Results of a Bat Survey in the Western Ozark National Forest.
    Michelle L. Caviness* and Douglas A. James, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
    Species Limits and the Historical Biogegraphy of the Antillean Endemic Genus Brachyphylla
    The Nasal Cavity of Hypsignathus monstrosus : Adaptations for Sound Production?

    57. Amphibians And Reptiles Of Madagascar And The Mascarene, Seychelles, And The Com
    with information on the regional climate and Review history Africa history Comoroshistory Amphibians and Mascarene, Seychelles, and the Comoro islands.
    http://www.bookfinder.us/review7/1575240149.html
    Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar and the Mascarene, Seychelles, and the Comoro Islands
    Comoros History Book Review
    AUTHOR: Wolfgang Schmidt, Kaiser, Michael Knothig, Klaus Liebel, Roland Zobel
    ISBN: 1575240149
    Compare Price for This Book

    History
    Africa History Comoros History
    Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar and the Mascarene, Seychelles, and the Comoro Islands
    - Book Reviews, by Wolfgang Schmidt, Kaiser, Michael Knothig, Klaus Liebel, Roland Zobel
    From the Publisher

    With their unique flora and fauna, Madagascar and the surrounding islands in the Indian Ocean region are among the most interesting destinations for professional and amateur naturalists, herpetologists, and for those keeping amphibians and reptiles as pets. This work is a very accessible guide to the herpetofauna of the area and comes complete with information on the regional climate and vegetation, as well as with information on vivarium care. Descriptions of 240 species of frogs, turtles and tortoises, chameleons, geckos, iguanas and agamas, skinks, and snakes are provided. For each species, the description includes information on distribution, habitat, characteristic features, as well as some general comments on natural history. High quality color photographs are provided to simplify identification. Final translation and technical edit by Hinrich Kaiser, PhD.
    From The Critics
    Booknews

    This glossy-paged, color photographed natural history begins with brief descriptions of the various islands, their climate, vegetation, and fauna, and then proceeds to one page per animal, most often with a photo. Provided is the Latin name, distribution, habitat, size, description, biology, distinguishing features, and vivarium care, the last feature indicating that this volume is especially aimed at those wanting to turn these animals into laboratory objects or pets, and on the other side, those in the position of having to rescue and care for them. An appendix lists selected Madagascarian national parks and reserves accompanied by concise descriptions. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

    58. Africa Catholic Church Local History And Ancestors Genealogy Research
    Map and brief history The Cape Verde islands country, composed of ten volcanic islandsand five comoros islands (Jumhuriyat alQumur al-Ittihadiyah al-Islmiyah
    http://home.att.net/~Local_Catholic/Catholic-Africa.htm
    Local Catholic Church
    Africa
    SELECT DIOCESE LOCATION
    CATHOLIC HISTORY
    CATHOLIC BIOGRAPHIES
    MORE CATHOLIC LINKS ...
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    Algeria
    Angola Benin Botswana ...
    Ecclesia in Africa
    (on Vatican site)
    SECAM - Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar
    . (headquarter in Accra, Ghana in West Africa.)
    Ecclesia In Africa
    (on SECAM)
    Southern Africa Catholic Bishops' Conference
    Regional Conference: CERAO, the regional Episcopal Conferences of French-speaking West Africa AMECEA Association of Member Episcopal Conferences in Eastern Africa Association of Catholic Hierarchy of Egypt (AHCE) - Egypt and Oriental Church in Africa
    Patriarcat Copte Catholique 34 Rue Ibn Sandar, Pont-de-Koubbeh, 11712 Le Caire, EGYPT Phone: (+20 - 2) 259-9494; 257-1740 Association of Episcopal Conferences of Anglophone West Africa (AECAWA), inaugurated at Ibadan, Nigeria in 1977, is made up of the Inter-Territorial Catholic Bishops' Conference (ITCABIC) comprising The Gambia, and Sierra Leone, the Ghana Catholic Bishops' Conference (GCBC), the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Liberia (CABICOL) and the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Nigeria (CBCN). Association of Episcopal Conferences of Anglophone West Africa (AECAWA) Algeria, Angola, Egypt.

    59. Country Pages - Comoros
    regional Economic Development Services Ofc. Democratic transition in the islands a final report on the Systems civic education project in comoros May 18
    http://www.dec.org/country/reports.cfm?region=africa&country=Comoros

    60. AllRefer Reference - Comoros - Foreign Affairs | Comoran Information Resource
    seeking recent works on the history, politics, and World Bank 1979 publication TheComoros Problems and Malyn Newitt s The Comoro islands Struggle Against
    http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/comoros/comoros36.html
    You are here allRefer Reference Comoros
    History
    ...
    Comoros
    Comoros
    Foreign Affairs
    The close relationship Comoros developed with South Africa in the 1980s was much less significant to both countries in the 1990s. With the reform of its apartheid government, South Africa no longer needed Comoros as evidence of its ostensible ability to enjoy good relations with a black African state; the end of the Cold War had also diminished Comoros' strategic value to Pretoria. Although South Africa continued to provide developmental aid, it closed its consulate in Moroni in 1992. Since the 1989 coup and subsequent expulsion of South Africanfinanced mercenaries, Comoros likewise turned away from South Africa and toward France for assistance with its security needs. The government fostered close relationships with the more conservative (and oil-rich) Arab states, such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. It frequently received aid from those countries and the regional financial institutions they influenced, such as the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development. In October 1993, Comoros joined the League of Arab States, after having been rejected when it applied for membership initially in 1977. Regional relations generally were good. In 1985 Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles agreed to admit Comoros as the fourth member of the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), an organization established in 1982 to encourage regional cooperation. In 1993 Mauritius and Seychelles had two of the five embassies in Moroni, and Mauritius and Madagascar were connected to the republic by regularly scheduled commercial flights.

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