61. 16th National Congress Of The Communist Party Of China, 2002 The communist party of China (CPC) has made remarkable progress in widening contactswith political parties in foreign countries over the last 13 years, says http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/45537.htm

Home News Current Congressional Highlights About the CPC ... Weather More About China China in Brief China Through a Lens China's Political System China's Judicial System ... China's Human Rights Links to National Media Sites china.org.cn Xinhua News Agency People's Daily China Daily ... CCTV Links to Provincial Media Sites Dragon News Net E-north (Tianjin) Eastday.com Southcn.com Official: CPC Widens Ties with Foreign Political Parties The Communist Party of China (CPC) has made remarkable progress in widening contacts with political parties in foreign countries over the last 13 years, says Dai Bingguo, head of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee. Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee was held in 1989, the CPC has adjusted its policies and principles concerning developing ties with foreign parties in line with unprecedented changes in the international arena, Dai told Xinhua in an exclusive interview. Thanks to the CPC Central Committee leadership with Jiang Zeminat the center, the CPC had made marked achievements in promoting all-round and multi-channel ties with foreign parties under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, he said. At the 15th CPC National Congress five years ago, CPC Central Committee General Secretary Jiang Zemin declared that on the basis of independence, equality, mutual respect and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, the CPC was willing to develop new-style cooperative ties with any foreign political party willing to make contacts with the CPC, he said.

62. Political Parties And Electoral Systems In Lebanon And Israel: Interactive Reinf political party, Representation in 1992 Parliament, Confessional Base and Region, Baathparty (proSyrian), 2 Deputies, Secular, National Lebanese communist party, http://almashriq.hiof.no/ddc/projects/pspa/krayem/krayem.html

Political Parties and Electoral Systems in Lebanon and Israel: Interactive Reinforcement Hassan Krayem American University of Beirut The comparisons between Israel's and Lebanon's political party systems are interesting for various reasons. First of all, both systems are similar in that they are considered multiparty systems. This initial observation is, however, misleading because the two systems are genuinely different. In Israel, political parties have dominated the political process, and the smaller parties have had significant roles, including representation of various ethnic as well as national political views. In Lebanon, the role of political parties has been weak, specifically in the tendency for traditional and neotraditional forces to be emphasized while the role of political parties is being undermined by these forces. In Israel, the strong role of political parties was and is being reinforced by an electoral system which is based on proportional representation and one national electoral district, thus allowing for different parties, no matter how small they might be, to get some representation. In Lebanon, the weak role of political parties is being reinforced by a different electoral system, one that is based on simple majority and on small to medium electoral districts. The Lebanese Case: Table (1) shows the composition of the major parties in Lebanon today and their confessional, regional, parliamentary and ideological characteristics. The political life in Lebanon has never been organized around the role of political parties. The pre-Civil War era (1943-1975) was characterized by the inability of the state institutions, especially the parliament, to allow for greater party representation, especially of secular parties (see

63. Political Parties In The Republic Of Macedonia Forces in Macedonia SDSM), after its Eleventh Congress (April 20, 1991, as a legitimate, legal and political heir of the communist party of Macedonia, ie http://www.b-info.com/places/Macedonia/republic/partiesSDSM.shtml

Links News Places Studies ... Political Parties Alliance of Democratic Forces in Macedonia SDSM At the times of defeat of the communism as a world process, a period when the majority of political and economic structures started falling apart in former communist countries, it was the Communist Party in Macedonia that appeared as a political subject to completely reveal those processes. This was accompanied by parallel establishing of conditions for a real political competition and a start of political democracy in Macedonia, somewhat different than previous political struggles. For Macedonia, it was also a period when "for Slobodan Milosevic and his gang, exactly the "Gosevism" was the only and biggest obstacle in carrying out his plans with this country" (statement by Branko Crvenkovski, at the Second SDSM Congress, held in Skopje, 27 June, 1992). Simply, for the historians, as early as today, it was the first organised political structure to bring back Macedonia's political subjectivity. VMRO-DPMNE . It was exactly this party, in this period when other "goods" were obviously popular, dared promote in Macedonia the idea of Social-Democracy, not corresponding at all with the model of replacing the previous "working class" matrix with a "nationality" one. They preached social- democracy, civil concept of society, and a different approach to dealing with minority and human rights issues. This party went for "contemporary principles of social-democracy, based on economic and social efficiency and ethnic principles of European humanism, social justice and human dignity..., as opposed to any form of totalitarian government and monopolism, depriving citizens of their democratic basic rights...the aim being to transform Macedonia into a democratic and developed country...this party will resolutely fight for a free and just society of democratic socialism" (from the SDSM Program Declaration).

64. Russia.Net - Political Parties political PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS, Hope and Love); the Popular Christianmonarchistparty; for the communist party of the Russian Federation, 22.30%, 15,432,963. http://www.russia.net/~oldrn/politics/parties.html

POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS Parties (as they appeared on 1995-1996 Duma elections ballot) Percent Votes Women of Russia Derzhava Duma-96 Transformation of the Fatherland Tikhonov -Tupolev -Tikhonov Russian All-National Movement Muslim Movement NUR Federal - Democratic Movement Electoral bloc including the leaders of parties for the defense of children (Peace, Good and Happiness); "Russian women"; for orthodoxy (Faith, Hope and Love); the Popular Christian-monarchist party; for the unity of Slavic peoples; for agricultural workers' "land-mother"; for the defense of invalids; for those who have suffered from the authorities and who have been cheated Inter-ethnic (Mezhnatsional'nyi) Union Stable Russia Generation of the Frontier My Fatherland For the Motherland Common Cause Bloc of Independents Our Home is Russia Pamfilova-Gurov-V.Lysenko Yabloko Forward, Russia!

65. Brazilian Political Parties politicians from across the political spectrum Popular Socialist party (Partido PopularSocialista Brasileiro is the former Brazilian communist party, renamed in http://oregon.uoregon.edu/~sergiok/brpolitical.html

Brazilian Political Parties PMDB Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (Partido do Movimento Democratico Brasileiro). The country's largest party, the PMDB is a loosely-knit coalition of politicians from across the political spectrum. It elected federal deputies in all 27 states and the federal district in 1990. PFL Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal). The PFL is the country's second largest party and the largest on the center- right. The PFL is strongest in small and medium-sized towns, particularly in the impoverished northeast and Amazon regions. The PFL was founded in 1985 by dissidents of the military- created Democratic Social Party who opposed the presidential bid of Paulo Maluf. PSDB Brazilian Social Democracy Party (Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira). Formed in 1988 by dissidents of the PMDB, the PSDB espouses a center-left social democratic agenda. PSDB leaders, including Fernando Henrique Cardoso, support a free market economy with greater government involvement in such social areas as health care and education. PT Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores). Formed in 1979, the PT is Brazil's "European-style" leftist party, with a clearly defined ideology, strict party discipline, a hierarchical structure, and an extensive grassroots organization. It is strongest among intellectuals, organized labor, and the economically disadvantaged. It draws considerable support from the liberation- theology wing of the Catholic Church and from the four-million member labor confederation, the Sole Workers Central. The PT is headed by party founder Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, a presidential candidate in 1989 and 1994.

66. The Russia Journal Daily::Politics - Patriots Challenge Communist Party Leadersh condemned the incumbent leadership of the communist party and Zyuganov establishinga new leftwing political bloc At last year’s party congress in September http://www.russiajournal.com/news/cnews-article.shtml?nd=43020

67. SOSIG: Political Parties, North America (incl Mexico) Browse this resource, communist party USA. Browse this resource, ContemporaryPolitical Studies PSA Annual Conference Papers 19942004, http://www.sosig.ac.uk/roads/subject-listing/World/polnortamer.html

Political Parties, North America (incl Mexico) Editor: British Library of Political and Economic Science You are here : Home Politics Political Parties > Political Parties, North America (incl Mexico) in Politics What is My Account Member: Login New user: Register What is Grapevine Related... Conferences Courses Events Departments ... Politics Search in whole catalogue current section Top 50 sites in Politics Advanced Search Thesauri Map of the Politics section Internet Resources Listed Alphabetically Sort: by resource type Europe UK For a short description click the title. To access the resource directly click Editor's Choice (key resources in this subject) Contemporary Political Studies: PSA Annual Conference Papers 1994-2004 Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Political Database of the Americas Political Studies Review All Resources "Politically correct" - conservative political cartoons by Jim Huber American Conservative Union American Political Development American Rhetoric ... 2004 SOSIG

68. SOSIG: Political Parties, Asia Browse this resource, political Studies Review, News, Up. Browse this resource,16th Congress of the communist party of China China Information Centre, http://www.sosig.ac.uk/roads/subject-listing/World-cat/polasia.html

Political Parties, Asia Editor: British Library of Political and Economic Science You are here : Home Politics Political Parties > Political Parties, Asia in Politics What is My Account Member: Login New user: Register What is Grapevine Related... Conferences Courses Events Departments ... Politics Resource Type Bibliographic Databases Books / Book Equivalents Journals (full text) News ... Resource Guides Search in whole catalogue current section Top 50 sites in Politics Advanced Search Thesauri Map of the Politics section Internet Resources Listed By Type alphabetically Europe UK For a short description click the title. To access the resource directly click Editor's Choice (key resources in this subject) Contemporary Political Studies: PSA Annual Conference Papers 1994-2004 Political Studies Review Portal to Asian Internet Resources Bibliographic Databases Up South Asia Resources Database Books/Book Equivalents Up Democratization in Indonesia (2000) Mental Culture in Burmese Crisis Politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy by Gustaaf Houtman (1999) Political Opposition and the Transition From Authoritarian Rule: The Case of Indonesia by Edward Thomas Aspinall (2000) ... You've Got Dissent! Chinese Dissident Use of the Internet Journals (full text) Up Political Studies Review News Up 16th Congress of the Communist Party of China: China Information Centre 16th Party Congress: Peoples Daily Organisations/Societies Up Asia Foundation Bangladesh Awami League Bangladesh Nationalist Party ... Southern Mongolian Freedom Federation (SMFF) Papers/Reports/Articles (collections)

69. AsiaSource: AsiaLINKS - A Resource Of The Asia Society of the communist party of Vietnam. Shiv Sena The official website of the Shiv Sena(part Hindi, part English). Shiv Sena Shiv Sena is an Indian political party http://www.asiasource.org/links/al_mp_03.cfm?TID=80,521

70. Communist Party Of China - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The more than 63 millionmember communist party of China (CPC or CCP)is the largest political party in the world. Authoritarian http://www.phatnav.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Communist_Party_of_China

71. Japan Links:Government & Politics:Political Parties:Political Parties political Parties. political Parties. political Parties. Dainiin Club. (DainiinClub). email office@midorinokaigi.org. Japanese communist party. (Nihon Kyosanto). http://web-jpn.org/links/government/political/political.html

Japan Links Search : About This Site Web Japan Japan Links Political Parties Political Parties Political Parties Political Parties Dainiin Club (Dainiin Club) http://www.niinkurabu.gr.jp/ (Japanese only) Address: c/o Sangiin, 1-7-1 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8961 Phone: Fax: e-mail: info@niinkurabu.gr.jp Greens Japan (Midori no Kaigi) http://www.midorinokaigi.org/ (Japanese only) Address: Yamaichi bldg. 6F, 3-11 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0004 Phone: Fax: e-mail: office@midorinokaigi.org Japanese Communist Party (Nihon Kyosanto) http://www.jcp.or.jp/english/ More news and documents of JCP Japan Press Weekly What is the JCP? 23rd Party Congress (Jan.13, 2004) Program of the Japanese Communist Party (Draft) Constitution of the Japanese Communist Party Manif.... Address: 4-26-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8586 Phone: Fax: e-mail: info@jcp.or.jp Liberal Democratic Party (Jiyuu Minshutou) http://www.jimin.jp/jimin/english/ Last Update: March 22, 2004 The International Bureau of the Liberal Democratic Party Monthly News March 2004 The International Bureau of the Liberal Democratic Party Monthly News February 2004 Regardi.... Address: Jiyuu-Minshutou-Honbu., 1-11-23 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8910

72. Institutional Influences On Electoral Competition In Post-Communist States a manageable party system; others are more likely to generate political instability.I will review the institutional choices of postcommunist states and point http://www3.isp.msu.edu/cers/Herron 02.htm

Too Few or Too Many Parties? The Implications of Electoral Engineering in Post-Communist States Erik S. Herron Elections and democracy are inseparable. After the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989 and the Soviet Union in 1991, twenty-seven newly independent states emerged. All of these countries have held elections; many have met international standards and were considered free and fair. Others were little more than farces marked by substantial fraud and corruption. The advent of competitive elections in the post-communist region prompts many questions about the relationship between institutions and democracy. Have differences in electoral practices influenced the progress of democracy in the region? Have some electoral institutions been more conducive to the development of stable political party systems? How has fraud and corruption affected election campaigns and outcomes? How have election rules influenced representation in the legislature? How have elections empowered or constrained presidents? This chapter will begin to address these broader questions about the relationship between elections and democracy in post-communist states by focusing on how election rules affect the development of political competition.

73. Yale University Press - Publisher Of Fine Books Soviet Union and its communist satellites, the Italian communist party began a rivetingstory of how Italy s second largest political party transformed itself http://www.yale.edu/yup/books/066120.htm

Search for a Yale book Browse our Books Contact Us About the Press Sample Chapters ... Go to our London site Fixing Intelligence: For a More Secure America by Jonathan A. Edlow, M.D. "General Odom uses the unique insight gained from years of experience in the intelligence business to explain in plain language an issue that is critical to U.S. national security—intelligence community reform. A valuable resource to expert and novice alike, it serves both as an excellent introduction to the intelligence community, and also as a valuable guide to the current debate over how to proceed with intelligence community reform."—Senator Richard C. Shelby The facts behind the summer blockbuster The Day After Tomorrow Red Sky at Morning: America and the Crisis of the Global Environment by James Gustave Speth " Moviegoers inspired to learn more will benefit from a new book called 'Red Sky at Morning' by James Gustave Speth, dean of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Yale. The book, an overview of environmental threats, provides a list of the already observable consequences of warming... as well as a forecast of even greater calamities." New York Times

74. The Prague Post Online A political party whose predecessor, the communist party of Czechoslovakia, enforcedcensorship, says without a hint of irony that its draft law was inspired http://www.praguepost.com/P03/2004/Art/0513/opinpv.php

Contact Us Classifieds Search: HOME ... Other Sections SERVICES Subscribe Archives Photo Service Related Sites ... Contact Us ADVERTISE with us Classifieds Online Advertising Print Advertising POSTVIEW On media, communists get it right (almost) The Prague Post (May 13, 2004) About once a year the Communists actually say something that makes sense, although not intentionally. For instance, media titans or even media midgets could not own a newspaper and a television station at the same time. Of course, true to its xenophobic roots, the KSCM also wants to limit foreign ownership of Czech media because foreigners obviously seek to prevent Czechs from obtaining objective and balanced information, according to Filip. We hope that both concerns raised by the Communists provoke a heated public discussion. Right now, 100 percent of regional newspapers are under the control of one owner. Whether government interference would improve competition or reduce the number of newspapers is not known. Some EU countries, such as Britain, are moving to liberalize ownership rules to let their media companies become powerful enough to challenge the likes of Disney and Time Warner. Meanwhile, of the five national dailies, only one

75. Russia, Political Parties, Communist Leader Presenter Another political event is happening in Moscow as well. The fourthplenary meeting of the Central Committee of the communist party of Russia is http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/5576-7.cfm

JRL HOME ARCHIVES RAS SEARCH ... SUBSCRIBE December 2, 2001: BBC Monitoring Russian Communist leader comments on merging congress of power party Source: TV6, Moscow, in Russian 0800 gmt 1 Dec 01 [Presenter] Another political event is happening in Moscow as well. The fourth plenary meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Russia is taking place behind closed doors in the capital today. This makes the meeting quite secretive and mysterious, but the topic on the agenda sounds quite harmless - deciding on the date and venue of the next extraordinary congress of the party. The agenda of the congress has not been revealed so far. Perhaps, this is the question that is being discussed behind closed doors. As far as the date of the congress is concerned, it is due on 19 January 2002. Before the beginning of the plenary meeting, the leader of the Communist Party [Gennadiy Zyuganov] commented on the founding congress of Unity and Fatherland. The position of the Communists remains unchanged. [Zyuganov] I thought they would publish their vision of lifting Russia out of the crisis and will make their view known to the people of Russia. I expected to see their main ideological principles, their social basis - but so far, there is nothing like it. In the past 10 years the party of power has not offered the country any ideology. It has betrayed everything it could. They are uniting around an executive chair and a money bag. Such unions do not live long. Just imagine, Putin will leave tomorrow, and the party of power will collapse within a week.

76. Indian Political Parties,Party Profiles,Political Parties In India Election 2004 political Parties. (more); Indian National Congress (Poll update) Congress is theoldest political party of India banking on the Nehru- Gandhi name.With Sonia http://www.indian-elections.com/partyprofiles/

In spirit of Indian General Elections 2004. Get the latest when India Votes. Election News Result Update States Political Parties ... India Election 2004 Some Interesting Facts List of Successful Candidates Election '04 Loser Ministers Seat Retainers ... Slimmest Margin of Victory Political Parties Click here for State Political Parties National Democratic Alliance (NDA) Poll - update The National Democratic Alliance- Came into being in 1998 and in power in 1999 as a BJP lead coalition. It remains to see what people see as it's achievements and if they give it a second mandate. (more) Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) Poll - update The Bharatiya Janata Party projecting Vajpayee as it visionary and leader is propagating its feel good factor and India Shinig. It is to see how people persive the work done in last five years. (more) Indian National Congress Poll - update Congress is the oldest political party of India banking on the Nehru- Gandhi name.With Sonia Gandhi as its President and the contender for the Prime Minister's post, see if the Gandhi fame works

77. The History Guy: United StatesPolitical Parties Here are links to some of America s current smaller political parties. Communistparty US We are a MarxistLeninist working-class party that unites Black http://www.historyguy.com/Politicalparties.html

The History Guy: United States Political Parties Home Military History Historical Personalities Email ... About Us Use this page to research the political parties of of the United States. Links to Washington state political parties and candidates are also included. Links to the home pages of the following organizations include: Republican, Democratic, Libertarian, Reform, Green, Socialist and Communist Parties. The History Guy does not endorse or advocate any of the political parties or philosophies found on this page! Links and data on various parties are provided as a service only. History Guy: The History of American Political Parties New web page on the history of America's political parties. Republican Party The Grand Old Party (GOP), the party of Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, Eisenhower and Reagan. Of the main parties in American politics, this is the more conservative of the two. House Republican Leadership The History Guy's page detailing the Republican leaders in the U.S. House of Representatives. Democratic Party The party of Jefferson, Franklin Roosevelt, Kennedy and Clinton, the Democrats are the more liberal of the two main American parties.

78. Worker-communist Party Of Iran Workercommunist party of Iran. Farsi. English German Swedish Turkish. - http://www.wpiran.org/

Worker-communist Party of Iran Farsi English German Swedish ... Turkish

79. :: Xinhuanet - English :: Leaders of noncommunist political parties and representative figures without politicalparty affiliation may, at any time they wish, submit in writing their http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2003-09/02/content_1061737.htm

www.xinhuanet.com XINHUA online CHINA VIEW VIEW CHINA Breaking News Car bomb blast kills one, injures 41 in northern Iraq Sharon to cut short India trip Urgent: US school shooting leaves at least three wounded Dozens wounded in Jerusalem explosion EXPLOSION OCCURS IN JERUSALEM Three killed in explosion in Tel Aviv Home News Photos Voice ... About us The multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is China's basic political system. The system means that the CPC is the only party in power in the People's Republic of China while under the precondition of accepting the leadership of the CPC, the eight other political parties participate in the discussion and management of state affairs, in cooperation with the CPC. Political consultation means that under the leadership of the CPC, all parties, mass organizations and representatives from all walks of life take part in consultations of the country's basic policies and important issues in political, economic, cultural and social affairs before a decision is adopted and in the discussion of major issues in the implementation of the decisions. Political consultation takes the organizational form of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

80. The Communist Manifesto Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. MANIFESTO. OF THE communist party. CONTENTS. Reactionary Socialism. Conservative or Bourgeois Socialism. CriticalUtopian Socialism or Communism MANIFESTO. OF THE http://csf.colorado.edu/psn/marx/Archive/1848-CM/cm.html

This document is brought to you by The Marx/Engels WWW Archive Karl Marx and Frederick Engels MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY CONTENTS Prefaces Preface to 1872 German edition Preface to 1882 Russian edition Preface to 1883 German edition Preface to 1888 English edition ... Preface to 1890 German edition The Communist Manifesto Opening Bourgoise and Proletarians Proletarians and Communists Socialist and Communist Literature ... Position of the Communists in relation to the various existing opposition parties The Communist Manifesto A spectre is haunting Europe the spectre of communism. All the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre: Pope and Tsar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and German police-spies. Where is the party in opposition that has not been decried as communistic by its opponents in power? Where is the opposition that has not hurled back the branding reproach of communism, against the more advanced opposition parties, as well as against its reactionary adversaries? Two things result from this fact: I. Communism is already acknowledged by all European powers to be itself a power.

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