21. The Structure And Development Of Finnish Political Parties movement. With the foundation of the Finnish communist party, Finlandnow had its sixth main political party lineage. The constitutional http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/puoleng.html

Mainpage NewsRoom Site Map Contact us About this site Search: Articles General information National symbols History International relations Way of life Famous Finns Picturebook Events in Finland Travel information The Structure and Development of Finnish Political Parties Written for Virtual Finland by Timo Soikkanen, PhD, Professor in Political History, University of Turku; 2 February 2003. Photo: Matti Hurme The debating chamber of the Finnish parliament Despite the many new contenders and the seemingly rapid swings of the political pendulum, continuity has been a dominant feature in the Finnish political party system. The main party 'lineages' have undergone surprisingly few changes since Finland gained its independence. Apart from constantly changing election themes, Finnish politics are characterised by continuity. Language parties The Finnish Estates convened in 1863 after a break of more than five decades, and the Language Decree of the same year created the basis for the formation of the Finnish party system. The nationalist Fennoman movement, which Snellman had initiated, gradually developed into the Finnish Party (

22. Political Resources On The Net - Germany I (Parties) Translate this page German politics. Politik By meOme.de. Politik Forum Deutschland. Naturgesetz ParteiNatural Law party. Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands - KPD communist party. http://www.politicalresources.net/germany.htm

Germany (1:5 Parties) Last updated: CDU CSU FDP Grüne PDS SPD Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany Constitution Elections in Germany By Wilfried Derksen Governments on the WWW: Germany By Gunnar Anzinger Politik:Parteien Parties (Yahoo Deutschland) Parteien-Online.de Parties online Parteien und Wahlen in Germany By Wolfram Nordsieck German politics Politik By meOme.de Politik Forum Deutschland Republik Forum Politisches Forum Democracy Online Today Deutsche Volksunion - DVU German People's Union (Landesverband NRW) Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei Bund Freier Bürger - Die Freiheitlichen Naturgesetz Partei Natural Law Party Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands - KPD Communist Party Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands - KPD Communist Party, Rote Fahne Arbeiterbund fur die wiederaufbau der KPD Workers' League for the Reconstruction of the KPD Deutsche Kommunistische Partei - DKP German Communist Party Deutsche Kommunistische Partei Hamburg - DKP German Communist Party (Hamburg) JUKO - Junge KommunistInnen, Hochschulgruppe der DKP Hamburg Young Communists, student's group of the German Communist Party Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten - KPD/ML Communist Party of Germany / Marxists - Leninists (CPGerML) Marxistische-Leninistische Partei Deutschland Maoist Party Linksruck Netzwerk Jung - sozialistisch - aktiv!

23. Political Resources On The Net - Portugal 1:3 Translate this page do Operariado Português communist Spartacist Group Real Royal Cause - Monarchistpolitical organisation. Portuguese Populist party (Democratic Fundamentalist http://www.politicalresources.net/portugal.htm

Portugal Last updated: The Constitution by the Assembly of the Republic The Constitution by ICL Elections in Portugal by Wilfried Derksen Partidos Políticos Parties by SAPO Centre for Studies in Political Thought Partido Socialista Socialist Party Partido Socialista - Grupo Parlamentar Socialist Party - Parliamentary Group Juventude Socialista Youth Organization of PS Jovem Socialista Old site PSD - Partido Social Democrata Social-Democratic Party JSD - Juventude Social Democrata Social-Democratic Youth JSD - Almeirim Social-Democratic Youth - Almeirim Partido Popular (CDS-PP) People's Party Juventude Popular Youth Organization of PP Partido Comunista Communist Party Direcção da Organização Regional do Porto do PCP Avante! Juventude Comunista Portuguesa JCP - Colectivo das Caldas da Rainha ... Movimento o Partido da Terra Movement of the Earth Party Partido Liberal Liberal Party People Democratic Union, revolutionary left Party Luta Socialista Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes" Green Party Nova Democracia New Democracy Party Partido Humanista Humanist Party Partido Libertario de Portugal Libertarian Party Partido Nacional Renovador National Renewal Party Reconquista - site libertário e nacionalista Libertarian, monarchist and nationalist website

24. Polparti2004_1 Registered political Parties Elections Canada List Abolitionist party of CanadaCanadian Reform Conservative Alliance (Canadian Alliance) communist party of http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/pol/polparti.htm

Contents Australia Political Parties Political Organisations Library Publications ... Key Politics Links Political Parties and Organisations Australian Electoral Commission Parliamentary Handbook The Constitution Australia Political Parties The list is consistent with the Parliamentary Library's role as a provider of information and in no way indicates an endorsement of particular web sites or organisations. Only political parties with websites are listed. Please consult the Australian Electoral Commission for a complete list of registered parties. Registered Parties : Australian Electoral Commission Advance Australia Party Australia First Party Australia First Australian Democrats The Democrats Australian Greens The Greens The Greens branches... ACT Greens The Greens-NSW Territory Greens Queensland Greens Greens SA Tasmanian Greens The Greens - WA Australian Greens in the Senate Australian Labor Party ALP ALP branches...

25. ABM -- Political Parties In Belarus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - As of 1 February 1996, the Ministry of Justice has registered 34 political parties.The larger of them are the communist party, the Agricultural party, the http://www.belarus-misc.org/bel-pol.htm

This File Last Updated: 2002/07/26 Political Parties in Belarus Return to the A Belarus Miscellany Topic List 2001 Presidential Election Search the A Belarus Miscellany Web site Note: Cyrillic Belarusian and any other special character sets on this page are in Unicode (UTF-8) font encoding Editor's Notes This is a very small beginning of listing the political parties of Belarus, including statements of their points of view. As one aspect of its totalitarian control of every organization and everyone in Belarus, the authoritarian regime ruling Belarus since 1995 periodically requires all non-governmental organizations to "register" and "re-register" (this includes political parties, trade unions, and relief organizations). With each re-registration, more restrictions are imposed on these organizations, and fewer organizations exist. Use of the tax authority to harass these same organizations, including confiscating their bank accounts, is also very common. Needless to say, statements made by the current government of Belarusespecially about political, media, and individual freedomdo not have much credibility in the world community. Also note that the official Republic of Belarus UN Mission's Web site has not been updated since August 3, 1996which is prior to the

26. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo development of a democraticsocialist political economy in levels between the Laborparty and Mapam Miflaga Kommunistit Yisraelit, or communist party of Israel http://rs6.loc.gov/frd/cs/israel/il_appnb.html

Appendix B Israel Political Parties and Organizations Agudat Israel (Society of Israel) A clericalist political party of ultra-Orthodox Jews, founded in Poland in 1912 and established in Palestine in the early 1920s. In 1949 it formed part of the United Religious Front ( q.v. ); in 1955 and 1959 it joined Poalei Agudat Israel to form the Torah Religious Front ( q.v. ). Originally anti- Zionist and messianic, in the 1980s this non-Zionist party, together with its Council of Torah Sages, still favored a theocracy and increased state financial support for its religious institutions. Ahdut HaAvoda (Unity of Labor) The party, founded in 1919 as successor to Poalei Tziyyon ( q.v. ), had three separate existences: from 1919 to 1930, when it merged with HaPoel HaTzair ( q.v. ) to form Mapai ( q.v. ); in 1944 its name was taken over by Siah B (Bet Faction B), a faction that split from Mapai and formed a new party with HaKibbutz HaMeuhad (United Kibbutz Movement); and the last beginning in 1954 when Ahdut HaAvoda was reconstituted by the HaKibbutz HaMeuhad faction when it broke off from Mapam ( q.v.

27. Communist Party Of Britain - For Peace And Socialism Meeting at the weekend the communist party s political Committee deplored thehorrendous bloodbath that is Iraq after 12 months of illegal occupation and http://www.communist-party.org.uk/

www.communist-party.org.uk SAM WEBB National Chair Communist Party USA SALAM ALI Central Committee Iraq Comunist Party ROBERT GRIFFITHS General Secretary Communist Party of Britain ZELMYS DOMINGUEZ Political Counselor Cuban Embassy AVTAR SADIQ Communist Party of India (Marxist) 7:30PM Saturday 29 May Athena Palace 657 Green Lanes London N8 Turnpike Lane Tube Blair and Bush should face a war crimes tribunal 'The torture and abuse of prisoners exposes the brutality, illegality and hypocrisy of the Iraq war and occupation' Communist Party general secretary Robert Griffiths declared at the weekend. Iraq bloodbath must end Meeting at the weekend the Communist Party's Political Committee deplored the horrendous bloodbath that is Iraq after 12 months of illegal occupation and called for the immediate withdrawal of all troops. Warmonger Blair must go "The immediate victims of the Madrid bombings are ordinary working people ­ Just as ordinary working people are the main victims of any war such as that on Iraq by Britain, the USA and Spain" Communist Party northern secretary Martin Levy told the party at the weekend. A budget for privatisation, proft and war - Communists

28. Algerian Communist Party (Political Party, Algeria) This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website Algerian Communistparty (political party, Algeria). Parti communiste algŽrien (PCA). http://flagspot.net/flags/dz}pca.html

Algerian Communist Party (Political party, Algeria) Parti communiste algŽrien (PCA) Last modified: by ivan sache Keywords: algerian communist party parti communist algžrien hammer and sickle (white) Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors by Description of the flag See also: Algeria Algeria: Political flags Description of the flag In 1963, the flag of the Communist Party, as shown in Flaggenmitteilung #159, was red with the hammer and sickle, but in a position the inverse of that on the flag of the USSR , and situated in the center of the field. In the upper part is written pain paix (bread peace) and below the hammer and sickle, toward the fly (liberty). , 24 December 2001, translated from Spanish by Joe McMillan

29. Italy - Political Flags (Part 1) there are also always political parties and groups of RC (Rifondazione Comunista= communist Refoundation) The The party sometimes supported left-coalition http://flagspot.net/flags/it-poli1.html

Italy - Political Flags (Part 1) Last modified: by dov gutterman Keywords: italy Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors ... Christian Democratic Centre (CCD - Centro Cristiano Democratico) Christian Democracy (La Democrazia Cristiana) Christian Democratic Party (Partito Democratico Cristiano) Christian-Democratic Union and of Center (UDC - Unione Democristiana e di Centro) Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiana) Communist Refoundation Party (Partito della Rifondazione Comunista) Cowboy Protest Flag Part II Part III Part IV ... Part VI See also: Italy Italy - Trade Unions Flags Padania Italian Neo-Nazi flags Politics and Flags The new (1993) electoral law forced the creation of big political assemblages. It is worth noticing that the assemblages and some new parties have adopted symbols based on the Italian flag. The Left assemblage's (for the 1994 elections) symbol was a white circle with red-white-green strips and the word "Progressisti" (Progressives). In the Middle assemblage symbol there are the red-white-green strips tied together. The bigger (and newer) party in the Right Assemblage is identified by a variation on the Italian flag: the white strip is oblique and narrow and they add the words "Forza Italia"

30. Communist Party - Encyclopedia Article About Communist Party. Free Access, No Re would elect a central committee The Central Committee is a leading body of anorganization, most often a political party, especially communist parties. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Communist party

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Communist party Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition A communist party is a party which advocates Communism Communism in its original meaning is a social theory and political movement for the direct and communal control of society towards the common benefits of all members, the society being the communist society , see below. See also Religious communism. During the 20th century, communism , or communism theory is often used to describe philosophies based on Marxism but which reject social democracy. These include Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism and Maoism. Often "Communism" is used as a synonym for the system practiced in the Soviet Union under Stalin and his successors as well as in Soviet satellites under various Communist parties. In this case the "C" is capitalised. Click the link for more information. . A Communist Party is one which formally uses the term "Communist" in its official name. Communist Parties began to be established in various countries across the world after the establishment of the Communist International The Comintern (from Com munist Intern ational) is a commonly-used name for the Third International. It was formed on the initiative of Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (later the Communist Party of the Soviet Union or CPSU), as the Second International had betrayed socialism by the support of its major sections for the First World War.

31. Vietnamese Communist Party - Encyclopedia Article About Vietnamese Communist Par The second meaning of general secretary is the head of a political party or politicalgroup. This meaning is often associated with communist organizations. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Vietnamese Communist Party

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Vietnamese Communist Party Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The Communist Party of Vietnam is the ruling party in Vietnam The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a country in Southeast Asia. It borders China, Laos, Cambodia, and the Gulf of Tonkin. (In Detail) (Full size) Official language Vietnamese Click the link for more information. . It is supported by (and is a part of) the Vietnamese Fatherland Front The Vietnamese Fatherland Front (Vietnamese: ) is an umbrella group of pro-government "mass movements" in Vietnam, and has close links to the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese government. It is an amalgamation of many smaller groups, including the Communist Party itself. Other groups that participated in the establishment of the Front were the remnants of the Viet Cong, the Vietnam General Confederation of Trade Unions, and the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth League. It also incorporates some officially sanctioned religious groups. Click the link for more information.

32. National Political Index: Contacting National Political Parties Ronald Reagan Home Page; Rosson Freedom Connection; Sons of Liberty;South African communist party; American Student political Network. http://www.politicalindex.com/sect8.htm

National Political Index Featuring... 8. Contacting National Political Parties (123) CONTACTING NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES Directory of Political Parties Political Parties Around the World DEMOCRATIC Democratic National Committee Electronic Headquarters (Official) Democrat's Source Page Democratech Party, Electronic Direct Democracy Democratic Leadership Council ... U.S. House of Representatives Democratic Leadership DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISTS Committees of Correspondence For a Democratic and Socialist Future House Progressive Caucus (Unofficial) Social Democrats, USA REPUBLICAN Cyber-Republicans GOP In-Fighting Updates GOP Online Republican Central Committee (parody) ... The Right Side of the Web CONSERVATIVE American Conservative Party Conservative Generation X John Birch Society John Birch Society (Unofficial) Page SOCIALIST International Socialist Organization Socialist Party USA SOLIDARITY Young People's Socialist League ... Young Socialists COMMUNIST Communist Party of Canada Communist Party U.S.A. LIBERALISM Liberal Information Page Liberalism Around the World Liberalism FAQ LIBERTARIAN Critiques Of Libertarianism University of Arizona Libertarian Students FAQs - Libertarian FAQs - Libertarian Organizations ... World Wide Libertarian Pages GREEN PARTY Green Parties of North America Green Parties of North America Greens - International MILITIA/PATRIOT PARTY Militia Watch Militia/Patroit Movement Patriot Party Internet Home Page Patriot's WWW ... The Patriot Archives NATURAL LAW PARTY Natural Law Party of the United States Natural Law Party of the USA The Natural Law Party US TAXPAYERS PARTY

33. KurdishMedia Links :: Directory Of Kurdish Websites On The Net - Kurds & Kurdist 8. Workers communist party Iraq. ID 9 Rank Design / 5 Content /5 Overall /10Date 16/08/1999 Catagory political Parties Address http//www.wpiraq.org/. http://www.kurdmedia.com/links.asp?cat=1

34. Elections Canada On-Line | Political Parties, Candidates And Others Toronto, ON M4K 1N6 Tel. (416) 4692446 Fax (416) 469-4063 Web site http//www.communist-party.ca. DEREGISTEREDPOLITICAL PARTIES NATURAL LAW party OF CANADA. http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=pol&document=index&dir=par&lang=e&te

35. Elections Canada On-Line | Political Parties, Candidates And Others communist party of Canada, communist, The Ontario party of Canada, Ontario party, officiallyregistered with Elections Canada by the individual political parties. http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=pol&document=parties&dir=par&lang=e

36. ADEPT : Political Parties Of RM : Local Elections 2003 Local Elections 2003 Electoral contestants. communist party of Moldova. ChairmanVladimir Voronin The electoral programme of the communist party of Moldova. http://www.parties.e-democracy.md/en/localelections2003/candidates/pcrm/

Political parties of the Republic of Moldova Home ... E-mail Political parties Parties' List Political Dialogue Event Legislation Points of view Commentaries Press Review Elections Local Elections 2003 Results 1994-2003 Electoral Blocs Useful information Bibliography Links Local Elections 2003 Electoral contestants Communist Party of Moldova Chairman: Vladimir Voronin Electoral slogan: "Through Local Power towards People's Power!" Candidate for the position of General Mayor of Chisinau Municipality: Vasile Zgardan The electoral programme of the Communist Party of Moldova The Communist Party of Moldova (CPM) is the party of the people, workers, peasants, engineers, scientists, teachers, doctors, intellectuals, artists, businessmen, farmers, pensioners, the young and the unemployed. The CPM's ranks are growing ever more, and the last parliamentary elections have confirmed this: in 2001, more voters voted for the sickle and hammer than for all the rest of parties taken together. People believe that together we will be able to change our destiny for better. Having come to power two years ago, the communists have done all they could to upkeep and enforce this belief. Despite the enormous economic hardships, the communists are putting their electoral programme into practice and are fulfilling the promises made to the voters.

37. Governments On The WWW: Political Parties Governments on the WWW political Parties. Hezbe-Islami Afghanistan; SocialistNationalist Afghan party; communist party of Afghanistan. http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/parties.html

Governments on the WWW: Political Parties Home Table of Contents List of Countries Signs and Symbols ... Feedback Afghanistan [ Afganistan - Afqanestan ] Hezb-e-Islami Afghanistan Socialist Nationalist Afghan Party Communist Party of Afghanistan Frisinnad Samverkan ... Socialdemokraterna [Socialdemocrats] Obunden Samling [Democratic Party of Albania] [Democratic Alliance of Albania] Algeria [ Jaza'ir ] [Party of the Front of National Liberation] Harakat Moudjtamaa Silm (HMS) [Movement of the Society for Peace] [Movement for Culture and Democracy] Front Islamique du Salud (FIS) [Islamic Front for Salvation] [Democratic and Social Movement] [Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism] Parti de la Loi Naturelle (PLN) [Natural Law Party] Andorra [ Andorra ] Partit Liberal d'Andorra [Liberal Party of Andorra] [Socialdemocratic Party] [Coalition for Progress] Angola [ Angola ] [National Union for the Total Independence of Angola] [National Front for the Liberation of Angola] Partido Republicano de Angola (P.RE.A.) [Republican Party of Angola] [Angolan Republican Youth Organization] Anguilla United Front Antilles, Netherlands [ Antillen, Nederlandse ]

38. Governments On The WWW: Turkey Kurdistan (PIK) Kurdistan Islamist party; Partiya Kominist a Kurdistan / KürdistanKomünist Partisi (KKP) communist party of Kurdistan political Information http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/tr.html

Governments on the WWW: Turkey Home Table of Contents List of Countries Signs and Symbols ... Feedback Official language: Turkish National Institutions: [Presidency of the Republic of Turkey] [Grand National Assembly of Turkey] Basbakanlik [Prime Ministry] [Secretariat of Customs] [Secretariat of Foreign Trade] [Secretariat of the State Planning Organisation] [Secretariat of Treasury] [General Directorate of Minting and Printing] [Secretariat of the National Intelligence Organisation] [General Directorate of Press and Information] [General Directorate on the Status and Problems of Women] [General Directorate of Land Registers] [General Directorate of State Meteorology] [General Directorate of Youth and Sport] Devlet Personel Baskanligi (DPB) [State Personnel Administration] Diyanet Isleri Baskanligi [Religious Affairs Administration] [Privatization Administration] [State Institute of Statistics] [Atomic Energy Authority of Turkey] Rekabet Kurumu [Competition Authority] [Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs] [General Directorate of Rural Services] [General Directorate of Agricultural Research] [Ministry of Culture] Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanligi [Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources] [General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works] [Ministry of Environment] Maliye Bakanligi [Ministry of Finance] [General Directorate of Budget and Fiscal Control] [General Directorate of Revenues] [General Directorate of Public Accounts] Disisleri Bakanligi [Ministry of Foreign Affairs] Orman Bakanligi [Ministry of Forestry]

39. UKRAINIAN POLITICAL PARTIES. PART IV. THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF UKRAINE. SERHII RAK left” has tended to weaken the adherents of the leftist ideas are migrating toother parties of a similar political spectrum the communist party of Workers http://www.mirror-weekly.com/nn/show/383/34012/

¹ 8 (383) Saturday, 2 - 8 March 2002 year ñurrent issue home content search ... advertising preload('raz_1', '/img/left/raz_1_1_eng.gif', '/img/left/raz_1_2_eng.gif'); preload('raz_2', '/img/left/raz_2_1_eng.gif', '/img/left/raz_2_2_eng.gif'); preload('raz_3', '/img/left/raz_3_1_eng.gif', '/img/left/raz_3_2_eng.gif'); Topic Of The Week Party Politics Overseas Politics Webmaster ... discuss UKRAINIAN POLITICAL PARTIES. PART IV. THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF UKRAINE preload('img_email_8233', '/img/convert1.gif', '/img/convert2.gif'); SERHII RAKHMANIN preload('img_email_7563', '/img/convert1.gif', '/img/convert2.gif'); Olga DMITRICHEVA CPU. It is a long way from power to predictable opposition On 24 August 1991, along with the historic Act on the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, the Supreme Council passed another document of great importance, namely, a resolution on the de-politization (withdrawal from party affiliation) of all the state bodies, institutions and organizations. The next day, the Supreme Council Presidium endorsed a decision to nationalize CPU and CPSU property. Then, the Presidium authorized the suspension of the CPU’s activities “until all the circumstances relating to the coup d’etat of 19-21 August 1991 have been completely clarified”. On 30 August 1991, the Supreme Council Presidium prohibited the CPU activities based on the conclusions of an ad hoc commission to the effect that “Communist Party leaders actually supported the coup and thus contributed to its influence on the territory of Ukraine”.

40. Communist Party --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article , Chinese communist party political party and revolutionary movement that was foundedin 1921 , communist party of Israel Information on this political party. http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?eu=386575

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