41. HONORABLE LIVES Colombian specialists, regardless of their discipline, will find much to ponder in this reinterpretation of colombian history. . . . http://www.pitt.edu/~press/books/honorablelives.html

PITT LATIN AMERICAN SERIES 6 x 9.25 Home Order Form Honorable Lives Victor M. Uribe-Uran "This admirable study of Colombian lawyers and their institutions in the late-colonial and early-republican periods challenges the notion that the chaotic history of the period was completely dominated by rogue caudillos engaged in an endless struggle for power. . . . It adds greatly to our understanding of the role of lawyers in the important transitional events between colony and independence." -Colonial Latin American Review "Uribe-Uran has penned an important book that crosses the 'Independence divide,' an oft-recommended passage, but one that few scholars are bold enough to take. . . . By focusing upon the social, regional, and political activities of this critical social section, Uribe-Uran makes a significant contribution to our understanding of Colombia's early national political culture and the importance of lawyers throughout Latin America. . . . A gold mine of genealogical and familial information." -The Americas "Creates a vital connection between group biography and local politics, giving us a social history of late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Colombian politics. By highlighting both lawyers' political actions and the consequences of those actions in the crucial transition period from colony to nation, Uribe-Uran makes a wonderful contribution to our understanding of the process of nineteenth-century modernization."-Susan Socolow, Emory University

42. International Book Fair Speech - Bogotá, Colombia: Bert Ruiz, US-Colombian Affa My book reviews 100 years of colombian history and includes fresh information collected under the protection of the Freedom of Information Act that will surely http://bertruiz.com/1053381508/index_html

@import "http://bertruiz.com/global_css"; Bert Ruiz author of "The Colombian Civil War" Home My Book About Contact ... Get Notified! Get notified when there are new columns! Colombia Ring International Book Fair Speech - Bogotá, Colombia by Bert Ruiz on May 19, 2003 Summary On April 30, 2003 I was invited to give a speech at the International Book Fair in Bogotá. The title of my paper was, "The United States and Colombia; the Past, Present and Future. The speech was delivered in Spanish. Here is the link to the annoucement in El Tiempo but I must add it is incorrect in reporting that I am in military intelligence. http://eltiempo.terra.com.co/PROYECTOS/FERIA_LIBRO/FL_PROGRAMACION/30deabrilde2003/ARTICULO-WEB-NOTA_INTERIOR-1064104.html INTRODUCTION I want to personally thank Alberto Ramirez Santos, Fernando Wills and Monica Roesel of Circulo de Lectores for the big vote of confidence and deciding to publish my book in Colombia. Additionally, I also want to express my gratitude for the opportunity to join this important forum this evening that includes Otty Patino, Alfredo Rangel (did not show up) and Alejo Vargas. Additionally, I must applaud the selection of Mauricio Vargas as moderator (he too did not show up). Together, these gentlemen represent some of the finest minds in Colombia that have consistently defined the frontiers of intellectual discourse in this great nation. I am honored to be among you. First and foremost, I would like to inform this distinguished audience before me that my views are based on a diverse background that includes two tours in Vietnam with a United States Marine Corps elite military intelligence unit; a formal education in journalism as a Ford Foundation Fellow at New York University's Graduate School of Arts and Science; nearly twenty years of experience in Latin America as a senior Wall Street executive for Merrill Lynch and Smith Barney.

43. Colombian Gold Coins Brief colombian history Colombia is in the north west of South America. It is natural therefore that Colombia has a long history of issuing gold coins. http://www.taxfreegold.co.uk/colombia.html

Contents Main Page Countries Index Krugerrands ... Year 2000 Half Sovereigns About Us About Us Our Selling Terms Order Form UK Order Form USA Colombian Gold Coins Brief Colombian History Colombia is in the north west of South America. It is bordered by Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Venezuela. Santa Marta was settled by 1525, Colombia was established as a Spanish colony in 1549, although at that time, and until 1861, it was called Nueva Granada or New Granada. Independence was declared in 1810 , and secured in 1819 when Simon Bolivar united Colombia, Venezuela, Panama and Ecuador as the Republic of Gran Colombia, although Venezuela withdrew in 1829, Ecuador in 1830, and Panama in 1903. Colombian Gold Coins Apart from coffee and cocaine, Colombia has resources of precious metals including platinum and gold. It is natural therefore that Colombia has a long history of issuing gold coins. Its earliest gold coins were escudos in various multiples because of its Spanish heritage, but from about 1821, its main denomination was the peso. Colombia in common with most latin american countries has experienced inflation, so that it has issued gold coins with a denominations as low as 1 peso, and as high as 100,000 pesos. Pope Paul VI - 1968 Bogota Convention In 1968, Pope Paul VII opened the 39th Eucharistic Convention which was held on Bogota, Colombia. To celebrate this event, Colombia issued a gold 300 pesos gold coin. The obverse of this coin shows a bust of Pope Paul VII, with the inscription:-

44. Alexa Web Search - Subjects > Regional > ... > Colombia > Society And Culture > colombian history Contemporary articles from periodicals collected by The World History Archives www.emulateme.com/history/colomhist.htm Site Info. http://www.alexa.com/browse/general?catid=71656&mode=general

45. The Ghost Of Vietnam Haunts Plan Colombia The shakiness of US knowledge of colombian history is best illustrated by the widely repeated falsehood that the civil war there has been going on for 40 years http://www.commondreams.org/views/082000-103.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Featured Views Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Sunday, August 20, 2000 in the Los Angeles Times The Ghost of Vietnam Haunts 'Plan Colombia' by Tad Szulc WASHINGTON As in Vietnam nearly 40 years ago, the United States has embarked on the phantasmagoric enterprise of destroying the countryside of Colombia in order, supposedly, to save it. In the 1960s, the mission was called "Search and Destroy." Today, it's Plan Colombia, the objective of which is to eradicate cocaine drug lords, leftist and rightist guerrillas, right-wing paramilitary vigilantes, thugs and thousands in between. In Vietnam, the enemy was identified as communists. In Colombia, everyone seems to be a potential enemy. Congress quietly approved U.S. armed intervention in Colombia last month, complete with at least 60 Black Hawk and Huey-2 helicopter gunships with U.S. crews. U.S. Army Special Forces are already training two Colombian battalions in counterinsurgency. President Bill Clinton is expected to endorse the mission Aug. 30 on a one-day visit to Colombia. Most Americans seem to have no idea that Plan Colombia threatens to suck the United States into the longest and most brutal civil war in the Western Hemisphere, which has lasted on and off for 160 years. It has never been explained to them, just like Vietnam was never explained at the outset.

46. National Liberation Army Colombia/ ELN Colombia An Overview of Recent colombian history. 832 p. Colombia History, pp 222227. Book call no. R 980.003 S726 8th ed 2000. United States. Congress. Senate. http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/tergps/tgnat.htm

47. FARC Colombia/ Revolutionary Armed Forces Of Colombia Offers documents, communiques, articles, group history, etc. An Overview of Recent colombian history. 832 p. Colombia History, pp 222227. http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/tergps/tgrec.htm

48. Eye On The Empire By Alan Bock Accusing the FARC of being drug traffickers is grossly unfair, and shows that you have no knowledge of colombian history other than what has been in the US http://www.antiwar.com/bock/b081299.html

August 12, 1999 COLOMBIAN CLARIFICATIONS (OR CONFUSIONS) I got two kinds of responses to my comments last week on Drug Czar Barry McCaffrey’s efforts to stir up a rationale for more intensive U.S. intervention into the ongoing insurgency-cum-narco-trafficking crisis in Colombia. One type came from a fellow whose e-mail address suggested he was a retired military officer was indignant: “FARC political insurgency? Try Marxist-Terrorist insurgency, bent on the violent overthrow of the democratically elected government of Colombia.” Speaking of his Colombian wife, the fellow also writes: “At one time she saw the FARC as a business. But with 35,000 Colombians now dead at their hands, she knows it’s a very deadly business indeed.” Alan Bock is Senior Essayist at the Orange County Register and a weekly columnist for WorldNetDaily . He is the author of Ambush at Ruby Ridge (Putnam-Berkley, 1995). His exclusive column now appears every Thursday on Antiwar.com.

49. Eye On The Empire By Alan Bock the FARC of being drug traffickers is grossly unfair, and shows that you have no knowledge of colombian history other than what has been in the US media lately http://www.antiwar.com/bock/b080599.html

August 5, 1999 THE NEXT WAR? I should have known it when I talked to "drug czar" Gen. Barry McCaffrey's people a couple of weeks ago about the good general's selective use of information from the Institute of Medicine report his office had commissioned and all they wanted to talk about was McCaffrey's trip to Colombia and how dangerous it was that Colombia's revolutionary guerrillas were openly cooperating with cocaine growers and narcotraffickers. This was before a heavily modified and customized De Havilland RC-7 reconnaissance plane crashed into a Colombian mountainside , killing five American soldiers and two Colombian military officers. The drug warriors were already laying the propaganda groundwork, before the crash, to begin the process of softening up the public to the idea that the next major American military intervention might be in Colombia, to counteract the dangerous combinations of violent Marxist guerrillas and ruthless narcotics traffickers tearing up the fabric of Colombian society. And small wonder. To a career military officer formerly in charge of the southern command, a somewhat metaphorical "war on drugs" in which severe criticism of the warriors was permitted could hardly be as satisfying as a real shooting war with mobilizations, maneuvers and muzzling.

50. Colombia's Referendum This would not be unprecedented in colombian history. The 1991 constitution guarantees rights to territorial autonomy to AfroColombians and indigenous people. http://www.en-camino.org/oct272003podur.htm

En Camino See links to right... and for external links on the occupation of Iraq see Electronic Iraq ZNet's Iraq Pages Principles, history, organization, contact info OCAP UTS Agitate! Karameh ... parecon.org Colombia's Referendum Justin Podur October 27 , 2003 There was violence on election day as well, with the guerrillas making various attacks. 13 people were killed in electoral violence, most of which was attributed to the guerrillas who threatened to kill all the candidates who they viewed as illegitimate. During the course of the electoral campaign, at least 30 candidates were assassinated, and over 180 withdrew from the campaign due to threats of violence. Despite this, Uribe had reason to believe that the referendum would pass. His approval rating was 70% heading into the referendum, something Colombia's main daily newspaper 'El Tiempo' called 'a phenomenon in Colombia'. And he campaigned hard. According to one observer:

51. Colombia- A New Book From The University Press Of Florida Massachusetts, Amherst, and the author of A Tropical Plains Frontier The Llanos of Colombia, 15311831 and The Llanos Frontier in colombian history, 1830-1930 http://www.upf.com/Fall1999/rausch.html

// Define global variables in JavaScript 1.0 var canRollOver = false; var canClickDown = false; // Change canRollOver to true in JavaScript 1.1 canRollOver = true; // Primary and rollover image sources #1 switch1out = new Image(110,35); switch1out.src = './../banner1.jpg'; switch1over = new Image(110,35); switch1over.src = './../banner1a.jpg'; switch2out = new Image(110,35); switch2out.src = './../banner2.jpg'; switch2over = new Image(110,35); switch2over.src = './../banner2a.jpg'; switch3out = new Image(110,35); switch3out.src = './../banner3.jpg'; switch3over = new Image(110,35); switch3over.src = './../banner3a.jpg'; switch4out = new Image(110,35); switch4out.src = './../banner4.jpg'; switch4over = new Image(110,35); switch4over.src = './../banner4a.jpg'; Colombia Territorial Rule and the Llanos Frontier by Jane M. Rausch Order this Book now Features Search UPF home ... Contact us Rausch demonstrates that multiple frontiers have played a far greater role in the evolution of the country than has been previously understood. She focuses first on Amazonia and the Afro-Colombian region of Chocó as well as the Llanos; then she provides an in-depth history of the Llanos, a strategically important region gaining interest now because of its newly discovered oil fields as well as its intense guerrilla activity.

52. An Archive Of Colombian Aural History Cancionero Noble De Corpas does emphasise the role of music in the national consciousness and the need to study its contribution to an understanding of colombian history. http://www.his.latrobe.edu.au/jilas/journal/vol7_2/Colsong.htm

53. The Palace Of Justice: A Colombian Tragedy The best book on this elusive theme This book is truly the most complete investigation on those two intense and definitive days in recent colombian history. http://www.historyamericas.com/The_Palace_of_Justice_A_Colombian_Tragedy_0941423

The Palace of Justice: A Colombian Tragedy The Palace of Justice: A Colombian Tragedy by Authors: Ana Carrigan Released: November, 1993 ISBN: 0941423824 Hardcover Sales Rank: List price: Our price: Book > The Palace of Justice: A Colombian Tragedy > Customer Reviews: Average Customer Rating: The Palace of Justice: A Colombian Tragedy > Customer Review #1: The best book on this elusive theme... This book is truly the most complete investigation on those two intense and definitive days in recent Colombian history. Told with gripping narrative, it is hard to put down: it took me only three days to read. As a Colombian, for me it is also a source of profound sadness, because the book, through its tale, illustrates all the workings of colombian politics, with all its lies, manipulations, self-interests, and lack of any decent statemanship and generosity. Except for a few personalities, all the actors in this drama show an inmense human mediocrity, from the president of the nation on down. Also, it shows the brutality of an armed force that has always been distinguished by its corruption and incompetence in the field of battle. This book should be mandatory reading for anybody interested in Colombian politics, history and society. The Palace of Justice: A Colombian Tragedy >

54. OUP USA: Colombia: Frank Safford Offers the most extensive discussion available in English of the whole of colombian history. http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryWorld/LatinAmerican/?view=u

55. RPG United - Colombia you need to run roleplaying adventures in this fascinating South America country, including * A summary of colombian history, including present conditions. http://www.rpgunited.com/product/default/hdi803.html

Colombia Authors : Ken Lightner Tom Ricks System : Serie : Real Life Roleplaying Item code : HDI 803 Producer : Holistic Design Release : June 2003 Colombia: d20 comes with everything you need to run roleplaying adventures in this fascinating South America country, including: * A summary of Colombian history, including present conditions. * Information on guerilla movements in Latin America and how to roleplay them. * New advanced character classes: the combat journalist, the guerilla fighter, the hitman, the political zealot, and the treasure hunter. * New rules, feats and weapons. * A complete sample setting, the town of Medilaca. * Two adventures, ready to play, thrusting characters into the underworld of kidnapping and the Drug War. * A strategic campaign, displaying all sides of the conflicts plaguing Colombia and giving characters a chance to solve these problems. * Suggested alternative world campaigns.

56. Café De Colombia - History Of Colombian Coffee colombian Coffee Web Site Juan Valdez on the Web, featuring a history of Columbian coffee, agricultural processes, recipes, brands and locations for the US, Europe and Canada, clever games and http://www.juanvaldez.com/menu/history

57. WWW-VL History Index WWWVL history Index Central Catalogue site, providing links for. WWW-VL history COLOMBIA. PLEASE NOTE that this site is currently without a maintainer, and needs one if it Jos© Manuel Restrepo and the Emergence of colombian Political Culture http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/americas/colombia.html

WWW-VL HISTORY: COLOMBIA ABOUT THIS NETWORK. If you are still interested or have any questions, please e-mail Lynn Harry Nelson [lhnelson@raven.cc.ku.edu]. Click here for: The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) Main Catalog The WWW-VL search facility. The WWW-VL History Central Catalogue Click Here to access the Mirror at Florence, Italy Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Research Tools Maps Main Map Topographic Other Maps, including satellite and aerial photographs Barranquilla Bogota Cali Medellin Gazeteers Cities and Towns Geographic Finding Aids Language Cyberquechua Quechua Language Homepage Spanish Web Dictionaries English-Spanish Wordlist of Basic Computer Terms ... Grammar Tutorials Reference Works Dictionaries Encyclopedias Encyclopedia.com Reference Countries of the World - Colombia A Country Study - Colombia World Factbook 2000 - Colombia U.S. State Department Background Notes - Colombia Bibliography Bibliography including link pages Colombia - LANIC Libreria Virtual Suamox Library of Congress Subject Search Latinet.com: Colombia ... The Historical Journals Guide Archives Imagenes Libraries Directorio de bibliotecas colombianas Bibliotecas de la Universidad de Caldas Archivo General de la Nación de Colombia Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango ... Universidad del Valle Museums Directorio de Museos Museo Nacional Museo de Universidad de Antioquia Museo de Antioquia ... Vamos al Museo!

58. Colombia (11/03) history AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS During the precolombian period, the area now known as Colombia was inhabited by indigenous peoples who were primitive hunters http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1831.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs November 2003 Background Note: Colombia PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Colombia Geography Area: 1.14 million sq. km. (440,000 sq. mi.); about three times the size of Montana; fourth-largest country in South America. Cities: Capital Bogotá (pop. about 6 million). Other major cities Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena. Terrain: Flat coastal areas, with extensive coastlines on the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea, three rugged parallel mountain chains, central highlands, and flat eastern grasslands. Climate: Tropical on coast and eastern plains, cooler in highlands. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Colombian(s). Population: 42 million. Annual population growth: 1.56%. Religion: Roman Catholic 90%. Language: Spanish. Education: Years compulsory Attendance 80% of children enter school. Only 5 years of primary school are offered in many rural areas. Literacy 93% in urban areas, 67% in rural areas. Health: Infant mortality rat Life expectancy men 65 yrs., women 76 yrs.

59. Colombia: History Related content from HighBeam Research on Colombia history. (book reviews) (Journal of Development Studies). colombian emerald. (Jewel of the Month). http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0857443.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Colombia History History to 1858 Prior to the Spanish conquest, Colombia was inhabited by Chibcha, sub-Andean, and Caribbean peoples, all of whom lived in organized, agriculturally based communities. After the Spanish conquest, which began in 1525, the area of present-day Colombia formed the nucleus of New Granada (for colonial history, see New Granada ). The struggle for independence was, as in all Spanish-American possessions, precipitated by the Napoleonic invasion of Spain. The revolution was, however, foreshadowed by the rising of the comuneros Prominent among the first revolutionary leaders was Antonio at (1819) secured the independence of Greater Colombia (Span., Gran Colombia Santander Mosquera , Rafael , and Rafael Reyes . While Mosquera was president, a treaty was concluded (1846) granting the United States transit rights across the Isthmus of Panama.

60. Café De Colombia - HISTORY OF THE LOGO Featuring Juan Valdez (the quintessential cafetero), his mule, and the colombian mountains in the background, the purpose of the logo is to identify and serve http://www.juanvaldez.com/menu/logo.html

The Juan Valdez logo was developed by Doyle Dane Bernbach in March 1981 and was first introduced to the trade in September of the same year. Featuring Juan Valdez (the quintessential cafetero), his mule, and the Colombian mountains in the background, the purpose of the logo is to identify and serve as a seal of guarantee to the brands that do indeed consist of 100% Colombian Coffee as approved by the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia. In 1982, it was introduced to consumer advertising; however, given the limited number of 100% Colombian Coffee brands in the market 9 small supermarket brands at the time its presence was limited to print advertising. In 1983, the logo was added to consumer spot television advertising as 100% Colombian Coffee brands featuring the logo were introduced in regional markets. By 1987 there were nearly 30 supermarket brands and at this point the logo was included in all creative materials on a national basis. Logo Versions Two versions of the logo were created: North American Version: "100% Colombian Coffee" In 1995, in an effort to globalize the brand, the Federation decided to phase out the English version of the logo. Current advertising programs, including multinational media buys and sports sponsorships with global reach, suggest that a common logo across borders will generate the highest awareness while minimizing consumer confusion.

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