1. Colombian History HISTORY. When the first spaniards arrive to what is now Colombia, the largest and widespread culture was the Chibchas. They were http://www.ddg.com/LIS/aurelia/colhis.htm

HISTORY When the first spaniards arrive to what is now Colombia, the largest and widespread culture was the Chibchas. They were concentrated mainly in the highland basins and valleys of the Cordillera Oriental. The first Spanish settelment was established in 1510 on the coast of the Gulf of Uraba (Caribbean Sea) but was abandoned after a few years. Santa Marta and Cartagena (founded in 1525 and 1533, respectively) were the earliest permanent settlements. Bogota was founded in 1538, followed by more than twenty other settlements by the middle of the sixteenth century. About the same time, spaniards moving northward from Peru reached southern Colombia and founded Pasto and Popayan. Spanish settlement grew and expanded during the seventeenth century, stimulated by the sources of gold and silver. Gradually, an increasing number of sttlers turned to agriculture. Large estates were established using the Indians and later Africans for forced labor. Colombia was part of the territory known as the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada (established in 1740), which also extended over present-day Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador . The population of Colombia was estimated at aproximately 800,000 in 1770. It is believed to have crossed the 1-million mark early in the nineteenth century.

2. Colombian History Resources At Questia - The Online Library Of colombian history Resources at Questia The Online Library of Books and Journals. colombian history. Questia. Primary Content. colombian history. http://www.questia.com/popularSearches/colombian_history.jsp

3. World History Archives: History Of Colombia Documents for the Social history of Colombia. History of Colombian Culture Resources for colombian history. Attack on Colombian Labor Monitor. From Colombian Labor Monitor, 21 http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/42/index-d.html

History of Colombia Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives History of South America in general Documents for the Political history of Colombia Documents for the Economic history of Colombia Documents for the Labor history of Colombia Documents for the Social history of Colombia History of Colombian Culture Singer Manu Chao NPR Weekend Edition: A dialog between anchor Scott Simon and reporter Rolando Arrieta, 3 April, 1999 Retrospective history of Colombia Revolution in Colombia, part one: historical background By Louis Proyect, 24 July 1999. From Simon Bolivar to Colombian congress in 1947. Resources for Colombian history Attack on Colombian Labor Monitor From Colombian Labor Monitor, 21 September 1999. Citations of oppositional groups.

4. Colombian History colombian history Prepared by Jennifer Molina Balbuena, AntiWar Committee member, March 2002. Wolf, Paul (March 20, 2002). The Secret History of Colombia. http://www.antiwarcommittee.org/resources/Colombia/History.htm

RESOURCES LINKS COLOMBIA PALESTINE ... STATEWIDE ACTIVISM Colombian History Prepared by Jennifer Molina Balbuena, Anti-War Committee member, March 2002. First U.S. military mission to Colombia arrives. Ninth Panamerican Conference declares that communism is anti-democratic and totalitarian, and that together the countries must eradicate and impede any activities that destroy institutions or prevent the free and sovereign right of people/communities to govern themselves Liberal President Jorge Eliecer Gaitan is assassinated. El Bogotazo riot in the capital marks the beginning of La Violencia civil war. Colombia sends troops to Korea to aid U.S. Rojas Pinilla offers amnesty for armed combatants that hand over their arms. Ultimately, they are assassinated. National Front ends La Violencia for the Liberals and Conservatives. Others remain armed. Cuban Revolution ELN Army of National Liberation is born (Cuban inspired) Soviet President Nikita Khruschev announces that the USSR is ready to aid any wars of liberation. United States President Kennedy responds with the Alliance for Progress program to fight subversion. The program includes socio-economic aid ultimately used to help gather information on subversive elements in the community. CIA helps Colombian police collect intelligence from the social programs. US develops the low intensity war strategy Plan Lazo modeled after the Phoenix Program in Vietnam. One of its components is that uses five assassination teams of 12 soldiers each to assassinate remaining communist subversives. In general it uses aid and community divisions to create conflict and facilitate intelligence gathering. It then uses military forces to destroy cells or regions not under gov't control.

5. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Francisco Antonio Zea (Colombian History, Biographies) - AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on Francisco Antonio Zea, colombian history, Biographies. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/Z/Zea-Fran.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 08, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Colombian History, Biographies ... Francisco Antonio Zea By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z Z Francisco Antonio Zea, Colombian History, Biographies Related Category: Colombian History, Biographies Francisco Antonio Zea [frAns E O Ant O O s A Pronunciation Key Mutis in botanical studies. Zea, like Antonio Narino, was arrested (1795) for distributing copies of The Declaration of the Rights of Man and was for a time imprisoned in Spain. He returned to aid BolIvar in the liberation of South America. After becoming (1819) vice president of Venezuela, he resigned and accepted the presidency of the Congress of Angostura (see Ciudad BolIvar ) and was later vice president of Greater Colombia. Appointed special diplomatic agent to Europe, he was not highly successful; he negotiated disadvantageous loans and gained recognition of his country only from the United States. He died in Bath, England. Zea wrote a history of Colombia and works on botany. Topics that might be of interest to you: Ciudad BolIvar JosE Celestino Mutis Encyclopedia U ... com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics.

6. An Overview Of Recent Colombian History An Overview of Recent colombian history. XIX Century. After achieving its independence from Spain, Colombia experiences numerous civil http://colhrnet.igc.org/timeline.htm

An Overview of Recent Colombian History XIX Century After achieving its independence from Spain, Colombia experiences numerous civil confrontations and uprisings. By the middle of the century, religious, economic and political powers were concentrated in a handful of families. There were reactions against the oligarchic society's hierarchic racism like the 1841 war in which slaves and indigenous peoples rebelled against their masters. While often characterized as conflict between the incipient liberal and conservative movements, many of these wars reflected a confrontation between the privileged and the underclass. The liberal and conservative parties begin to take form in Colombia. During their formation process that would extend into the early XX century, the philosophies of the parties underwent various transformations. The Constitution of 1886 consolidated the central government and eliminated federalism as a means to counteract the state of institutional chaos and fiscal bankruptcy, and to end rivalries among political chieftains. However, many democratic rights were suspended. Persecution against radical sectors opposing the government led to the War of the Thousand Days. The war is followed by a period of brutal repression of the union movement and of indigenous people that extended into the 1920s. This war consolidated the bipartisan system.

7. Colombian History History of Colombia. http://www.countryreports.org/history/colomhist.htm

History of Colombia History Home Page CountryReports.org Subscription Discuss World Issues! Past Country Profiles: Historical Setting THE SPANISH CONQUEST The Pre-Columbian Era Exploration and Conquest ... The Liberal Tenure Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North

8. An Overview Of Recent Colombian History An Overview of Recent colombian history. XIX Century. After achieving its independence from Spain, Colombia experiences numerous civil confrontations and uprisings. Violence escalates as the Colombian government moves against the "liberales comunes" and communists http://www.igc.apc.org/colhrnet/timeline.htm

An Overview of Recent Colombian History XIX Century After achieving its independence from Spain, Colombia experiences numerous civil confrontations and uprisings. By the middle of the century, religious, economic and political powers were concentrated in a handful of families. There were reactions against the oligarchic society's hierarchic racism like the 1841 war in which slaves and indigenous peoples rebelled against their masters. While often characterized as conflict between the incipient liberal and conservative movements, many of these wars reflected a confrontation between the privileged and the underclass. The liberal and conservative parties begin to take form in Colombia. During their formation process that would extend into the early XX century, the philosophies of the parties underwent various transformations. The Constitution of 1886 consolidated the central government and eliminated federalism as a means to counteract the state of institutional chaos and fiscal bankruptcy, and to end rivalries among political chieftains. However, many democratic rights were suspended. Persecution against radical sectors opposing the government led to the War of the Thousand Days. The war is followed by a period of brutal repression of the union movement and of indigenous people that extended into the 1920s. This war consolidated the bipartisan system.

9. Pre-Colombian History Precolombian history in South America. These few notes aim to provide some historical background to better understand the events http://berclo.net/page94/94en-hist-sam-pc.html

Welcome Travelogues Pre-Colombian History in South America These few notes aim to provide some historical background to better understand the events that have shaped the people I have met in the countries I visited in South America. According to conventional wisdom, South America has been inhabited for about 20,000 years by hunters and gatherers who began developing agriculture around 4000 BC Christ using the slash and burn technique still used today by some isolated tribes of Amazonia. The first permanent agricultural settlements appeared about 3 500 BC in areas where the quasi nomadic slash and burn technique was not applicable such as the coastal river valleys that required irrigation to control the seasonal runoff from the Andes and the highlands where it was necessary to build terraces to create farmable land. These new labour intensive agricultural techniques required a consensus on how the collective efforts of each community should be spent and that required stable structures based on a common set of values and beliefs. Each community invented their own gods which were generally concerned with keeping a calendar of the seasons and with providing fertility to the land and the people. Little is known of these early religions that developed independently during 1000 years in many places on the coast ( Valdivia , Huaca Prieta, Salinas de Chao, Aspero, Piedra Parada, El Paraiso), and in the highlands (Kotosh, Shillacoto, Wairai-jirca, Huaricoto, La Galgada, Piruru).

10. A Short Colombian History facts, maps, flags and pictures from countries around the world. A Short colombian history. Search Google for another short colombian history. http://www.abacci.com/atlas/history3.asp?countryID=173

11. Pre-Colombian History Precolombian history. in South America. These few notes aim to provide some historical background to better understand the events that have shaped the people I have met in the countries I visited in http://www.berclo.net/page94/94en-hist-sam-pc.html

Welcome Travelogues Pre-Colombian History in South America These few notes aim to provide some historical background to better understand the events that have shaped the people I have met in the countries I visited in South America. According to conventional wisdom, South America has been inhabited for about 20,000 years by hunters and gatherers who began developing agriculture around 4000 BC Christ using the slash and burn technique still used today by some isolated tribes of Amazonia. The first permanent agricultural settlements appeared about 3 500 BC in areas where the quasi nomadic slash and burn technique was not applicable such as the coastal river valleys that required irrigation to control the seasonal runoff from the Andes and the highlands where it was necessary to build terraces to create farmable land. These new labour intensive agricultural techniques required a consensus on how the collective efforts of each community should be spent and that required stable structures based on a common set of values and beliefs. Each community invented their own gods which were generally concerned with keeping a calendar of the seasons and with providing fertility to the land and the people. Little is known of these early religions that developed independently during 1000 years in many places on the coast ( Valdivia , Huaca Prieta, Salinas de Chao, Aspero, Piedra Parada, El Paraiso), and in the highlands (Kotosh, Shillacoto, Wairai-jirca, Huaricoto, La Galgada, Piruru).

12. Questia Online Library - New Search Topics. We searched for ((colombia OR colombian) AND history) and found 6873 total results. topics. List All Topics. colombian history. http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=search&keywordsSearchType=1000&keywords=(colom

13. Pre- Colombian History - Eduseek Home, Subjects, Help, Age Groups. Subjects History History 12+ Continents and Countries South America Ecuador Pre- colombian history, Links. http://www.eduseek.com/navigate.php?ID=8603

14. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Francisco De Paula Santander (Colombian History, Biograp AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on Francisco de Paula Santander, colombian history, Biographies. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/S/SntndrF.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 08, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Colombian History, Biographies ... Francisco de Paula Santander By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z S Francisco de Paula Santander, Colombian History, Biographies Related Category: Colombian History, Biographies Francisco de Paula Santander [frAns E O d A A Pronunciation Key BolIvar , Santander materially contributed to the victory at BoyacA See study by D. Bushnell (1970). Topics that might be of interest to you: SimOn BolIvar BoyacA Colombia Encyclopedia ... com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Related Categories: People History History Latin America and the Caribbean ... Biographies More articles from AllRefer Reference on Francisco de Paula Santander Encyclopedia U com Check out around 175,000 brief encyclopedia articles on almost all topics. Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Link to AllRefer.com

15. LookSmart - Directory - Colombian History colombian history Read about the people and events that have shaped colombian history. Learn about current political issues. Directory http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317911/us53828/us527898/us32

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Library Humanities History ... South America Colombian History - Read about the people and events that have shaped Colombian history. Learn about current political issues. Directory Categories Civil War Historical Figures Directory Listings About allRefer Reference - Colombia: Introduction Historical overview traces the Spanish conquest and establishment of colonial society, the formation of the nation, dictatorship, reformist period, and subsequent stages. allRefer Reference - Colombia: South American Political Geography Examine Colombia's history and details about Antonio Narino, Rafael Nunez, Rafael Reyes, Alberto Lleras Camargo, and Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. BBCi News - Country Profile: Colombia Read the history and view statistical information regarding this South American country. CountryReports.org - Colombia Describes Colombia's economy, geography, government, and people, and provides the Library of Congress's comprehensive history of the country. History of Colombian Coffee - Cafe de Colombia Details the history of coffee cultivation and production in Columbia. Defines various coffee types and roasting styles.

16. LookSmart - Directory - Colombian History In The 1990s YOU ARE HERE not available. colombian history in the 1990s Learn about the political and social climate of Colombia in the 1990s. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317916/us559898/us560168/us560174/us1

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE : not available Colombian History in the 1990s - Learn about the political and social climate of Colombia in the 1990s. Directory Listings About Colombian Death Squads Target Workers, Peasants Workers World News Service reports that Colombian government-backed death squads target civilians. Read about the social crisis of the mid 90s. Inter-American Development Bank - Colombia Offers a table of key economic indicators for the years 1988-1997. Also find a profile of Colombia's recent economic history in Spanish. Peace for Colombia - A Great Alliance Against Crime Read a presentation by Colombia's High Commissioner for Peace on the country's on-going political and social crisis. US To Increase Support For Colombian Army New York Times article reports on the Clinton administration's plans to aid the Colombian government in fighting leftist rebels. Washington's Role in Colombian Repression Third World Traveller article argues that the United States's war-on-drugs policy has aided Colombian state-sponsored violence. We're always looking for ways to improve your search experience.

17. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Antonio Narino (Colombian History, Biographies) - Encycl AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on Antonio Narino, colombian history, Biographies. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/N/Narino-A.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 08, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Colombian History, Biographies ... Antonio Narino By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z N Antonio Narino, Colombian History, Biographies Related Category: Colombian History, Biographies Antonio Narino [Ant O O nAr E O Pronunciation Key The Declaration of the Rights of Man he was condemned to prison (1795), but escaped to France and then to England, returning (1797) to New Granada to continue secret agitation. Arrested, he was released, imprisoned again, and, after an escape, confined at Cartagena. He was freed by the revolutionaries and, returning to BogotA, became (Sept., 1811) president of Cundinamarca, one of the independent states formed after the dissolution of the vice-royalty of New Granada. Advocating strong central government as the only way of preserving independence, Narino was opposed by the military juntas of other states, which desired simply a loose federation. He was involved in civil wars with the federalists until he was granted dictatorial powers and succeeded in uniting the patriot forces to repel a royalist invasion. He drove the Spanish from PopayAn, but was defeated (May, 1814) at Pasto. He surrendered himself but not his army and was later imprisoned for four years in CAdiz. He was released by Spanish revolutionaries in 1820 and returned to aid SimOn BolIvar , who made him vice president of the greater republic of Colombia (1821), but he resigned two months later. Often vilified for his stubborn adherence to his own opinions, Narino was not recognized until many years later as one of the greatest and most self-sacrificing of the early advocates of independence.

18. Colombia Attractions | Lonely Planet World Guide Sights to look out for include Museo del Oro, which contains many relics of precolombian history and is perhaps the most important museum of its kind in the http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/south_america/colombia/attractions.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Colombia Attractions Bogota Bogot¡, the country's capital, is the quintessence of all things Colombian: a city of futuristic architecture, a vibrant and diverse cultural and intellectual life, splendid colonial churches and brilliant museums. It is also a city of Dickensian waifs, beggars, shantytowns, drug dealers and traffic jams. This amazing mixture of prosperity and poverty, Maseratis and mules, makes it one of the world's most chaotic, fascinating and aggressive metropolises. Sights to look out for include: Museo del Oro , which contains many relics of pre-Colombian history and is perhaps the most important museum of its kind in the world; Museo Nacional , which contains a wealth of exhibits ranging from pre-Columbian to contemporary art; Donaci³n Botero , a celebration of the work of Colombia's most famous artist; Museo de Santa Clara , with its fresco-lined interior, images and altarpieces; Iglesia de San Ignacio , one of the most richly decorated churches in the country; the colonial barrio of La Candelaria , the oldest quarter in the city;

19. History Of Ecuador Pre colombian history. For 12,000 years Ecuador has been home to various civilizations. Early cultures celebrated the history of http://www.galapagosonline.com/predeparture/History/PreColumbianHistory.htm

Pre Colombian History For 12,000 years Ecuador has been home to various civilizations. Early cultures celebrated the history of their forefathers through songs, dances, and story telling. Oral history was an important part of religious ceremonies. Little of this history remains today. The Spanish forcefully converted the indigenous culture to Catholicism, religious ceremonies were abandoned and many of the stories forgotten. The tales that endured are of the Inca's who arrived in Ecuador shortly before the Spanish. Information about earlier cultures is attributed to the archeological treasures discovered throughout the country. Ecuador is a young country archeologically speaking; the importance of unearthing and preserving ruins does not have the enthusiastic support of the country and scientists as in Mexico, Peru, Egypt or Turkey. Many of the country's ruins remain buried, left simply as a mysterious symbol of an earlier culture. One can only imagine what has left to be discovered. Opportunities to learn about Pre-Colombian cultures include the well-preserved ruins in Machalilla and Ingapirca or visiting one of the excellent museums housing collections of artwork and tools. The first known culture of Ecuador is the Las Vegas , a group of hunters and gathers who lived on the Santa Elena Peninsula between the Guayas Basin and Salinas. Living in houses and making textiles they enjoyed a varied economy and they existed by farming crops including maize and squash, hunting, and exploiting the mangroves for wood, oysters and other seafood. The museum "Museo de los Amantes de Sumpa" near Santa Elena houses displays of the Las Vegas and tells the story of their culture.

20. Costa Rica History And Culture Precolombian history Guanacaste s Rich Past by Armando Valverde (translated by Auriana Koutnik). Guanacaste is a region of tropical http://www.costaricaoutdoors.com/history-cultura-3.htm

Pre-Colombian History: Guanacaste's Rich Past by Armando Valverde (translated by Auriana Koutnik) Historians are not sure how many people lived in this region prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1502. Estimates range from Bishop Thiel's guess last century of 27,200 total inhabitants, to today's widely accepted theory that roughly 400,000 people populated the area upon the Spaniard's arrival. Their dwellings were oval-shaped, thatched wooden huts inhabited by several related families under one leader. The chief's sisters and their husbands, children and grandchildren made up the "tribal family." Other architectural elements of the village included plazas, temples and pathways. The principal economic activity of these tribes was agriculture, although they also depended on hunting and fishing to supplement their diet. Their main crop, which they harvested up to three times per year, was corn. Corn was a dietary staple, and they used it to prepare many of the foods still widely consumed throughout this region, such as corn mush and tortillas. A drink prepared from fermented corn, "Chicha," was drunk from a gourd passed around during socio-religious ceremonies to symbolize peace and brotherhood between the tribes. In Nicoya, "chicha" was alternated with another drink made from cocoa beans, although this was consumed in lesser quantities.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 1     1-20 of 193    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10  | Next 20