121. Greatest Secrets Of The Cold War GREATEST SECRETS OF THE cold war. Most people remember the cold war as an era when the greatest threat was a nuclear strike launched by a foreign power. http://popularmechanics.com/science/military/1998/4/secrets_of_cold_war/print.ph

GREATEST SECRETS OF THE COLD WAR They read like plots from thrillers, but each of these chilling events actually happened. BY JIM WILSON PM Photos by Brian Kosoff Unsuspecting civilians are doused with radiation and germ weapons. Intelligence agents recruit psychic spies. Generals plan an attack on a Chinese nuclear weapons plant. A phantom army triggers the largest arms buildup in history. Politicians secretly construct an underground city to escape fallout. The United States comes within 7 minutes of launching its ICBMs. No, these aren't screenplays that were junked when the Soviet Union went belly up. Each of these events actually happened. For the two generations of Americans who fought and financed the Cold War, it was an epic struggle between us good guys and the "evil empire." Now, as the epoch fades into history, the declassification of tens of thousands of pages of secret documents has begun to cast a penetrating light on the era. As nine of these files reveal, truth can be stranger than fiction. Target San Francisco Most people remember the Cold War as an era when the greatest threat was a nuclear strike launched by a foreign power. In reality, Americans were also at risk from testing by their own military.

122. Soviet Perspectives After World War II, Joseph Stalin saw the world as divided into two camps imperialist and capitalist regimes on the one hand, and the Communist and progressive world on the other. http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/cols.html

Revelations from the Russian Archives COLD WAR: SOVIET PERSPECTIVES After World War II, Joseph Stalin saw the world as divided into two camps: imperialist and capitalist regimes on the one hand, and the Communist and progressive world on the other. In 1947, President Harry Truman also spoke of two diametrically opposed systems: one free, and the other bent on subjugating other nations. After Stalin's death, Nikita Khrushchev stated in 1956 that imperialism and capitalism could coexist without war because the Communist system had become stronger. The Geneva Summit of 1955 among Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, and the Camp David Summit of 1959 between Eisenhower and Khrushchev raised hopes of a more cooperative spirit between East and West. In 1963 the United States and the Soviet Union signed some confidence-building agreements, and in 1967 President Lyndon Johnson met with Soviet Prime Minister Aleksei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey. Interspersed with such moves toward cooperation, however, were hostile acts that threatened broader conflict, such as the Cuban missile crisis of October 1962 and the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia of 1968. The long rule of Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982) is now referred to in Russia as the "period of stagnation." But the Soviet stance toward the United States became less overtly hostile in the early 1970s. Negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in summit meetings and the signing of strategic arms limitation agreements. Brezhnev proclaimed in 1973 that peaceful coexistence was the normal, permanent, and irreversible state of relations between imperialist and Communist countries, although he warned that conflict might continue in the Third World. In the late 1970s, growing internal repression and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan led to a renewal of Cold War hostility.

123. WebQuest Cold War cold war. 19451990. Introduction to cold war. The cold war is defined as tensions between the United States and Soviet Union from 1947 - 1990. http://coe.west.asu.edu/students/bmorris/webquestcoldwar.htm

Home Track Student Use Policy ... Parents Info WebQuest for World History WebQuest Cold War Introduction to Cold War The Cold War is defined as tensions between the United States and Soviet Union from 1947 - 1990 Definition of Task You and your group members will be assigned one of the topics below to research. As a group you will: - Produce a multimedia presentation for the class. - Produce a Newspaper Process Establish roles for each member - Your group (writer, illustrator, editor, researcher). - You may combine and share roles if necessary. What years each team will cover. Which specific years your team will report on. Research the Internet and resources for information related to the Cold War - Use the provided links, to gather information PROJECT EVALUATION 1. Did you cover the major events of your assigned time period? 2. Is your project written clearly and concisely? 3. Is your work supported by accurate research? 4. Does your project have illustrations? 5. Does your multimedia project follow the project criteria? Evaluation - Multimedia Rubric Research Rubric Conclusion The Cold War put the world close to the brink of extinction on more than one occasion. People around the world knew that it all could come to an end with a blinding flash of light. Hundreds of thousands of lives were lost trying to protect national interests, even though the two sides did not "directly" fight.

124. New Page Life on a Nike Missile Site during the cold war by Gary Stephens, a retired U.S. Army Chief Warrant Officer. http://147.71.210.21/adamag/Oct99/Armageddon.htm

THREE HOURS FROM ARMAGEDDON Life at a Cold War Nike Missile Site by Gary Stephens Beginnings "Sleek, supersonic missiles guided by the most modern radar and manned by combat-ready crews around the clock," he said. "And, you can have your pick of one of many geographic locations around the country and be guaranteed a 14-month assignment there. You’ll be trained on-the-job by your unit’s sergeants at the actual site where you’ll work." do have a steady girlfriend in Pompton Lakes.) "What d’ya have around here?", I asked. Following basic combat training at Fort Dix, New Jersey, I reported to Battery B, 5th Missile Battalion (Nike-Hercules), 7th Artillery in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. That was the designation of the Army unit that manned the site. In some Army Corps of Engineers installation listing it was Nike Site NY 93/94. I was to learn that our AADCP (Army Air Defense Command Post) referred to us, tactically, as "Site Seven Five". That’s just the Army for you. It all meant the same place at the top of Campgaw Mountain, and it was to be my home for at least 14 months. (Photo by Gary Stephens) ABAR Radar New Home, New Friends

125. Internet Modern History Sourcebook: A Bipolar World Back to Index. The cold war WEB cold war International History Project The site has a huge and accessible online library. WEB Cold http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook46.html

Halsall Home Ancient History Sourcebook Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Course Other History Sourcebooks: African East Asian Indian Islamic ... Pop Culture See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections. Contents World Unity The United Nations Organization Human Rights: Universal Ideals or a Western Impositions? The Cold War Beginnings Berlin Crises Cuban Crises Cold Warriors Various Detentes Literary Reflections World Unity The United Nations WEB United Nations Documents [At Mt. Holyoke] WEB United Nations Documents [At Minnesota] The Dumbarton Oaks Agreement [At Purdue] United Nations Charter , 1945 [At Yale] Human Rights: Universal Ideals or a Western Impositions? WEB The Laws of War [At Yale] The Hague Conventions, Geneva Conventions, and Pacific Protocol. WEB International Human Rights Instruments [At Minnesota] Texts of all major treaties, agreements, etc. since 1945, in English. Many also in French and Spanish. WWW International Constitutional Law [At Wuerzburg][Added 7/20/98] Maintains online texts in English, and search machines for comparative studies of constitutions.

126. EZShots Members Home Page Dedicated to the 202nd Military Police Company Physical Security (Nuclear) operations conducted during the cold war in West Germany. Photos of guard towers, bunkers, Lance Missile Launchers , WMD history and personnel. http://www.ezshots.com/members/coldwar1/

Join EZShots EZShots Member Home Page for Send Me an Email View My Albums ANNOUNCEMENTS Barracks Area Bundeswehr Partnership Unit Cold War Photos of NATO sites ... Web Page Photos 202nd Military Police Company (Site Webmaster: 202d vet Jeff Mack) In Honor of President Ronald Reagan 1911 - 2004 WELCOME! Dedicated to the VETERANS of this distinguished unit that served in CONUS, UK, North Africa, Italy, Austria, France, Germany, or Iraq (WWI, WWII, Cold War or Operation Provided Comfort). Placed on the inactive rolls at the close of the Cold War, the 202d did not slip into obscurity, but lived and flourished in the hearts and minds of those that filled her ranks. Rededicated Snapshots made easy at EZShots! EZShots Home Members Login Become a Member Member Services ... User Agreement

127. Songs About The Cold War From The 80s Songs About the cold war From the 80s. This page is for songs that dealt with the paranoia surrounding the cold war which ended in the 80s. http://www.inthe80s.com/coldwar.shtml

Changes are coming 'round real soon Music Movies Television ... Messageboard Songs About the Cold War From the 80s This page is for songs that dealt with the paranoia surrounding the Cold War which ended in the 80s. Songs that are geared more towards nuclear war have their own page "99 Luft Balloons," by Nena This is the ultimate Cold War song. "American/Soviets," by C.C.C.P. Features the almost famous intro in which Reagan and Gorbatchev are playing chess in an attempt to solve the problems in a more peaceful way. The lyrics itself were featuring the common statements why nuclear weapons (it´s not entirely a nuclear war song!) are not such a good idea etc. Notable is also the attempt to create a hype around this single, as the backcover stated that this track was written by an underground band (namely C.C.C.P.) in Russia and was smuggled then to Germany where it was performed by a project named BEAT-A-MAX who had a few minor club hits itself. The attempt failed in a commercial sense, but 'American/Soviets' became a middle-sized club hit and a sought-after classic. "Another Brick in the Wall," by

128. USS Robert E. Lee (SSBN-601) Nuclear powered Polaris submarine of the cold war era. http://www.ssbn601.com/

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129. The Beginnings Of The Cold War (to 1949). http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/hotpots/gcse/coldwar/seminar.htm

130. CNN.com - UK Court To Rule On Cold War Spy's Book Gains - July 26, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/books/news/07/26/britain.spy.reut/index.html

Editions myCNN Video Audio ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web BOOKS TOP STORIES Robert Kennedy: The 'younger brother full of pain' Author's survival tips for women: All you need are 'Three Black Skirts' MORE TOP STORIES More than 1,700 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads Bush White House says it won't be distracted by pranks of past tenants After respite, California power supply close to running on empty McCain, Lott agree 'in principle' on campaign finance reform schedule ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: UK court to rule on Cold War spy's book gains George Blake LONDON (Reuters) Britain's top court will decide on Thursday whether one of the country's most notorious Cold War spies should be paid some 90,000 pounds ($136,800) for the publication of his autobiography.

131. Diefenbunker The Diefenbunker was built in 195961 to house Canadian leaders during a nuclear attack but now serves as Canada's cold war Museum. Includes Diefenbunker history, facts, virtual tour, and trivia. http://www.diefenbunker.ca

132. Reader's Companion To American History - -COLD WAR The Reader s Companion to American History. cold war. cold war The post1945 cold war began in Europe, but it quickly spread. In 1945 http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_017900_coldwar.htm

Entries Publication Data Advisory Board Contributors ... World Civilizations The Reader's Companion to American History COLD WAR The alliance was a temporary aberration in the post-1890s relationship. Even during the war the Soviets bitterly disagreed with their American and British partners over military tactics and postwar plans. President Franklin D. Roosevelt feared that Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin might again make a separate settlement with Germany, as indeed the Soviets had in 1918 and 1939. The fear of such a German-Russian deal haunted, and shaped, U.S. policy during and long after the war. The focus returned to Western Europe in 1948. The American Marshall Plan began to pump $12 billion into that part of Europe, which included a West Germany made up of the U.S., French, and British occupation zones. Stalin, fearing a revived Germany, responded by blocking western access to Berlin, which was deep within the Soviet zone although subject to four-power control. Military confrontation loomed, but Truman held West Berlin by flying supplies in over the blockade during 1948-1949. Now committed to ensuring Europe's security, Truman joined eleven other nations in 1949 to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( nato ), America's first "entangling" European alliance in 170 years. Stalin countered by tying together the economies of Eastern Europe in his version of the Marshall Plan, exploding the first Soviet atomic device in August 1949, and (after fierce negotiations) signing an alliance with the new communist China in February 1950.

133. Parallel History Project On NATO And The Warsaw Pact Provides documentation on the development of NATO and the Warsaw Pact during the cold war, their mutual threat perceptions and military plans, and their significance for our time. It presents new evidence from the archives of both NATO and former Warsaw Pact countries. http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/

Your browser does not support script The Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact NEWS International Conference "Cold War at Sea" Held (27 May 2004) Newport, Rhode Island, 7-8 May 2004 Romania and the Warsaw Pact, (16 April 2004) 31 documents and a new introduction by Dennis Deletant added Beijing Seminar on China and Eastern Europe in the 1960-80s Held (16 April 2004) "Reviewing Relations between China and Eastern European Countries from the 1960s to the 1980s ", Beijing, 24-26 March 2004 International Workshop on Mongolia and the Cold War Held (16 April 2004) Organized in Ulaanbaatar, 19-20 March 2004, by the GWU Cold War Group and the CWIHP, and hosted by the Mongolian Foundation for Open Society in cooperation with Pax Mongolica Appeal to the European Parliament (19 February 2004) Over hundred distinguished European and North American historians sign Declassification Appeal launched by PHP

134. CNN Cold War - Profile: Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov Profile of the KGB leader who briefly led the Soviet Union in the 1980s. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/andropov/

This site is best viewed with a 4.0 browser and requires javascript Born June 15, 1914, in Russia, Andropov left school when he was 16, holding a variety of jobs before entering Komsomol (the Communist Youth League) in 1930. A beneficiary of Stalin's purges, he rose rapidly, becoming first secretary of the Yaroslav Komsomol (1938) and first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee in the newly created Karelo-Finnish Republic (1940-1944). During World War II, Andropov took part in partisan guerrilla activities. After the war, he held positions in the Karelo-Party apparatus before being transferred to the Communist Party's Central Committee in Moscow (1951). Following Stalin 's death (March 1953) Andropov was demoted to Budapest as a counselor in the Soviet Embassy (1953) but promoted to ambassador to Hungary in 1954. Over the next three years he watched events that led to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Andropov played an important role in the Soviet decision to invade Hungary in 1956. His steady stream of reports to Moscow warned of growing unrest in Hungary. He also gave his views on the strength of the Hungarian leadership's position. Moscow's decision to invade was based in part on Andropov's reports. Andropov cabled a request for Soviet military assistance to Moscow from Erno Gero, first secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party. According to Maj. Gen. Bela Kiraly, former Hungarian military commander of Budapest, Andropov also assured the Nagy government that the Soviets had no intention of invading, although he knew otherwise.

135. Why We Will Soon Miss The Cold War - 90.08 world abounds. Nevertheless my thesis in this essay is that we are likely soon to regret the passing of the cold war. To be sure http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/foreign/mearsh.htm

A U G U S T 1 9 9 The conditions that have made for decades of peace in the West are fast disappearing, as Europe prepares to return to the multi-polar system that, between 1648 and 1945, bred one destructive conflict after another by John J. Mearsheimer P eace: it's wonderful. I like it as much as the next man, and have no wish to be willfully gloomy at a moment when optimism about the future shape of the world abounds. Nevertheless my thesis in this essay is that we are likely soon to regret the passing of the Cold War. To be sure, no one will miss such by-products of the Cold War as the Korean and Vietnam conflicts. No one will want to replay the U-2 affair, the Cuban missile crisis, or the building of the Berlin Wall. And no one will want to revisit the domestic Cold War, with its purges and loyalty oaths, its xenophobia and stifling of dissent. We will not wake up one day to discover fresh wisdom in the collected fulminations of John Foster Dulles. We may, however, wake up one day lamenting the loss of the order that the Cold War gave to the anarchy of international relations. For untamed anarchy is what Europe knew in the forty-five years of this century before the Cold War, and untamed anarchyHobbes's war of all against allis a prime cause of armed conflict. Those who think that armed conflicts among the European states are now out of the question, that the two world wars burned all the war out of Europe, are projecting unwarranted optimism onto the future. The theories of peace that implicitly undergird this optimism are notably shallow constructs. They stand up to neither logical nor historical analysis. You would not want to bet the farm on their prophetic accuracy.

136. 8th Infantry Division Information on the history of the division in WWI, WWII, and the cold war. http://www.militaria.com/8th/8thid.html

The 8th Infantry Division a.k.a. "The Pathfinders" and the "The Golden Arrow" Division The 8th Infantry Division is one of the few Regular Army divisions that has served our country. Although not as well known as other units, the 8th played an important role in WW2, and on into the cold war. It was inactivated on 17 Jan 1992. ATTENTION! many people are contacting me trying to locate info on veterans, friends, or relatives. The sad fact is that there is no GOOD way to help the majority of requests. The best we can offer is to have you post a message on one of our message boards ( see the message center below) in hopes someone can help you. The sad fact is that there are few WW2 vets left, and no rosters of WW2 units. Click Here for a Special 8th Div Holiday Greeting Click on the patch for information about the Division during that time period. Download the complete WW2 History of the 8th Infantry Division (in pdf format) Click Here! you can both read individual chapters, or download the whole thing as a pdf file. ) 8th Div Message Center Books written about the 8th and its units. 8th Infantry Division Commanders Tips on Finding Information on a relative that served in the 8th.

137. Cold War Leaves A Deadly Anthrax Legacy cold war leaves a deadly anthrax legacy. By Judith Miller NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE. June 2, 1999. VOZROZHDENIYA ISLAND, Uzbekistan http://www.phaster.com/unpretentious/uzbekistan_anthrax.html

Cold war leaves a deadly anthrax legacy By Judith Miller NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE June 2, 1999 VOZROZHDENIYA ISLAND, Uzbekistan In the spring of 1988, germ scientists 850 miles east of Moscow were ordered to undertake their most critical mission. Working in great haste and total secrecy, the scientists in the city of Sverdlovsk transferred hundreds of tons of anthrax bacteria enough to destroy the world many times over into giant stainless-steel canisters. They poured bleach into them to decontaminate the deadly pink powder, packed the canisters onto a train two dozen cars long and sent the illicit cargo almost a thousand miles across Russia and Kazakstan to this remote island in the heart of the inland Aral Sea, U.S. and Central Asian officials say. Here Russian soldiers dug huge pits and poured the sludge into the ground, burying the germs and, Moscow hoped, a grave political threat. While Mikhail Gorbachev was pressing his glasnost and perestroika campaign and warming ties with the West, intelligence evidence was mounting in Washington that the Soviet Union, contrary to its treaty pledges, was producing tons of deadly germs for weapons the world had banned. The stockpile had to be destroyed in case the United States and Britain demanded an inspection, Russian scientists close to the program said. Vozrozhdeniya Island was a natural choice. Until the military left here for good in 1992, Renaissance Island, as it translates from the Russian, had been the Soviet Union's major open-air testing site. Today, Renaissance Island, which the former Soviet republics of Uzbekistan and Kazakstan share, is the world's largest anthrax burial ground.

138. CNN.com - U.K. Court Blocks Cold War Spy's Book Gains - July 27, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/books/news/07/27/britain.spy.reut/index.html

Editions myCNN Video Audio ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web BOOKS TOP STORIES Robert Kennedy: The 'younger brother full of pain' Author's survival tips for women: All you need are 'Three Black Skirts' MORE TOP STORIES More than 1,700 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads Bush White House says it won't be distracted by pranks of past tenants After respite, California power supply close to running on empty McCain, Lott agree 'in principle' on campaign finance reform schedule ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: U.K. court blocks Cold War spy's book gains

139. Fast Attacks & Boomers: Submarines In The Cold War introduction, submarine and cold war history, construction and anatomy, submarine weapons, nuclear submarines at work, operating a nuclear submarine, life ashore, http://americanhistory.si.edu/subs/

The National Museum of American History Site Credits Site Map The National Museum of American History Site Credits Site Map

140. BELLA'S PAGE The Rosenbergs Victims of cold war Hysteria. The anticommunist sentiment that characterized the cold war and McCarthyism led to their trial and execution. http://www.ncs.pvt.k12.va.us/ryerbury/2ros/2ros.htm

The Rosenbergs: Victims of Cold War Hysteria. http://www.statueoflibertyclub.com The history of the United States is full of unsolved mysteries. One of the greatest mysteries which occurred in 1953 was the electrocution of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg under the Espionage Act. They were convicted for giving the secret information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. The anti-communist sentiment that characterized the Cold War and McCarthyism led to their trial and execution. Even though there is some evidence of the Rosenbergs' guilt, numerous facts which were discovered after the death of Ethel and Julius argue more convincingly that they were innocent victims of Cold War hysteria. Events that led to the Rosenbergs' trial and execution. "Bad feelings about communism and America's former ally, the Soviet Union, began in the United States almost as soon as Nazi Germany was defeated in 1945."(Larsen,24) Before the elections in 1946, the U.S.Chamber of Commerce published a pamphlet which had a title - “Communist Infiltration in the United States: Its Nature and How to Combat It.” This pamphlet was suppose to show that the New Deal programs of Franklin Roosevelt initiated the beginning of communism in the United States. Before World War II, the Communist Party was considered legal. However, starting in 1950, people could be prosecuted if they were members of the Party. (Larsen,24) The Cold War started to develop between the United States and the Soviet Union in The trial, major witnesses involved and the execution.

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