21. UNESCO: Environment And Development In Coastal Regions And In Small Islands. - from the back dune, inland and river bed areas. that settle on these shelf areasthat are Title, UNESCO environment and development in coastal regions and in http://www.oceansatlas.org/cds_static/unesco_environment_development_coastal_reg

Language: English All Topics Current Topic + Subtopics Home USES Human Settlements on the Coast Physical Alterations ... Impacts of Physical Alterations Total loss of habitat Navigate the Atlas: USES ISSUES ABOUT GEOGRAPHY ... Related Knowledge (1) Topic Overview ID# : 18093 Visits: 215 Added: 01-Jan-2000 Updated: 17-May-2002 URL: http://www.oceansatlas.org/id/18093 Editors UNEP - WCMC UNEP - GPA WMO Become a joint editor KO Overview ID# : 19885 Visits: 24 Added: 01-Jan-2000 Updated: 31-May-2002 URL: http://www.oceansatlas.org/id/19885 Owner UNEP - WCMC Total loss of habitat Some activities result in a habitat being entirely removed or destroyed. Beach sand mining is quickly becoming a problem for many island nations. Grenada has many problems with both illegal and illegal sand mining. With no clear legislation it shall continue until effective management plans can be formulated. Since 1994 sand from Guyana has been imported for all government projects. In Puerto Rico there is a to ban on all sand mining from beaches, very occasionally permits are granted for beach sand mining at specific locations and for short periods of time. Most sand is extracted from the back dune, inland and river bed areas. In Tobago the spate of building as tourism increased since the 1980s has meant many beaches were intensively mined for sand. Some of these beaches never recovered, even after mining ceased.

22. Present State Of The Coastal Environment In India 7590% of the global sink of suspended river load and sea-water as a resource andthe coastal domain as pose newer, more direct threats to sensitive eco areas. http://www.teriin.org/teri-wr/coastin/papers/paper2.htm

Present state of the coastal environment in India Elrich de Sa Director National Institute of Oceanography. "the coastal zone represents that part of the land affected by its proximity to the sea, and that part of the ocean affected by its proximity to the land". The definition by the Land Ocean Inter. In the Coastal Zone [LOICZ] Science plan: "the coastal zone as extending from the coastal plains to the outer edge of the continental shelves, approximately matching the region that has been alternately flooded and exposed during the region that has been alternately flooded and exposed during the sea-level fluctuations of the late Quaternary period". This second definition is of the coastal domain from 200m above to 200m below sea levels which: The coastal domain from 200 m above to 200m below sea level: Occupies 18% of the surface of the globe Is the area where around a quarter of global primary productivity occurs Where around 60% of the human population lives Where two thirds of the world cities with population of over 1.6 million people are located

23. OCEAN BLUE :: Ireland's Marine Environment :: Coastal Environments also the favourite feeding ground of coastal otters nursery grounds, baitdiggingsites, and areas for shellfish a main waterway and conjoined river mouth, plus http://www.oblue.utvinternet.com/ob_irelands4.html

Introduction Oceans Policy Importance of the Sea Our Marine Environment ... Marine Environments Coastal Environments Marine Mammals Marine Turtles References Ecosystem Approach ... About Us Coastal Environments Intertidal zone The intertidal, or littoral zone is between the high-water and low-water marks, i.e. that part of the shore that is covered by seawater twice a day. Beneath and beyond the low-water mark lies the sublittoral or subtidal zone. Above and beyond the high-water mark lies coastal land. The most common intertidal habitat on the Irish coast is a low rocky shore covered with a blanket of brown macroalgae (seaweeds) such as wracks and kelps. The great mass of organic detrital material (mucus and decayed particles) produced by the seaweeds forms the basis of the web of intertidal life. Seaweeds are attached to rocks by their holdfasts and absorb nutrients directly from the surrounding seawater. In shallow, well-lit and constantly churned coastal water, seaweeds grow rapidly. Large brown seaweeds such as serrated wrack and some Laminaria species (oarweed and kelps) dominate sheltered rocky lower-shores. On more exposed coasts, which are subject to greater wave action, these give way to shrubby red seaweeds such as carragheen.

24. AusStats : Coastal And Marine Environment the subtropics, and 198 in temperate areas (Zann 1995 whether they are dominantlyaffected by river flows, tidal deltas; 5% are strand plains, coastal lakes and http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/260e9c33706b4249ca256cae001599bf?OpenD

25. Citizens Campaign For The Environment fencing and monitoring around nesting areas to protect of the Peconic river and theCarmans river, both of BNL) has reached these important coastal tributaries http://www.citizenscampaign.org/programs/coastal_water.html

COASTAL WATER PROGRAM CCE continues to provide important leadership for coastal programs in New York State and coastal Connecticut. After years of CCE participation, The South Shore Estuary Reserve Council formally adopted a Comprehensive Management Plan (CMP) for the Long Island South Shore Estuary Reserve (SSER) on April 12, 2001. Technical research, public outreach and review of the draft plan were all crucial components for moving the Management Plan toward its completion. CCE continues its active participation in the implementation efforts for the Long Island Sound Study "Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan" (CCMP). One avenue to advance L.I. Sound protection is through the funding of projects from the NYS Clean Water/Clean Air Bond Act, which CCE has strongly supported. A major victory for L.I. Sound came in 2000, with the passage of the Long Island Sound Restoration Act. CCE lobbied heavily for this legislation, which authorized $200 million over 5 years for Long Island Sound improvements and implementation of CCMP projects. CCE serves as a member of the Citizens Advisory Committee (CAC) for the L.I. Sound Study, the Long Island Sound Watershed Alliance and the Westchester County Long Island Sound Subcommittee. In western New York, CCE advances protection of the

26. Search ASCE'S Civil Engineering Database in Structures Constructed on Tidal Silt in coastal areas of Southeast Modeling Systemfor Estuarine and coastal Ecosystems to Indian river Lagoon, Florida http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWsrchkwx.cgi?Coastal environment

27. Attempts Towards Coastal Zone Management In The Eastern Mediterranean And Black countries, and · Crossborder CAMPs; cover river basin or coastal areas on both BlackSea environment Programme (BSEP); Prospective for collaboration. http://www.iasonnet.gr/abstracts/prem.html

Attempts towards coastal zone management in the eastern Mediterranean and Black Seas Mr. Marko Prem UNEP-MAP, Priority Actions Programme/Regional Activity Centre Split Croatia Extended abstract The Mediterranean However, in spite of many international and national efforts in recent decades to ensure sustainable management of natural resources and a guarantee for the improvement of the quality of life of the coastal populations, while at the same time maintaining the integrity of the environment, current development trends and pressures continue to show the opposite results. Among the most serious issues causing concern, the following could be emphasised. Coastal urbanisation has in recent decades entered a phase of rapid expansion, reaching a state of "hyper-development", typified by high population densities, environment degradation and decline of the quality of life, with activities concentrating in a few large urban centres and in coastal areas. Tourist activities are rapidly growing and worsening the situation by exceeding local capacities (such as facilities, services, municipal sewage and waste treatment, imbalance between seasons, etc.).

28. Land Use And Coastal Management In The Third Countries; Egypt As A Case Human impact on Alexandria’s marine environment. Issues in integrated planningand management of river/Lake basins and coastal areas A human http://www.iasonnet.gr/abstracts/hamza.html

Land use and Coastal Management in the third Countries; Egypt as a case Waleed Hamza * Biology Dept. Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University. PO Box 17551 Al- Ain, UAE. Permanent address: Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science- Alexandria University. 21511- Alexandria, Egypt Extended abstract Although the aspects of both land use and coastal management represent part of the larger concept of sustainable development, the strength and interest with which these aspects are received varies considerably among countries. It is well known that land use planning can facilitate the allocation of land to those use(s) that provide the greatest sustainable benefits. However, in order to achieve a sustainable land use planning, an in-depth analysis of the existing resources is required (e.g. localization, features, sensitivity to development). Furthermore, the understanding of development characteristics (resource needs and collateral efforts), would make it possible to identify the use of natural resources. In that regard Sense and Toccolini (1998) mentioned that activities must be developed where the necessary natural resources exist and only when the environment is capable of absorbing the impact of that development. The concept of ICARM seems to add a new and important dimension to the previous concepts of land use and coastal zone management; especially in countries where surface freshwater resources play the major role in their development. In that regard, Egypt, as one of the third countries where the Nile River downstream runs in its territory from south to north may represent an ideal case study with which to apply the ICARM concept. The Nile River in Egypt has been the artery of life for its population from time immemorial. Moreover, any sort of development (agriculture, industrial, cultural, etc.) mainly depends on the availability of Nile water. The downstream flow of the river ends in Egypt with the Nile delta located between the two branches (Rosetta and Damietta) discharging Nile waters to the Mediterranean Sea through their estuaries (Fig 1).

29. Tornado Pummels Guangdong Areas The cities and counties in the coastal areas and along the Pearl river have topay even greater attention to taking precautions against such disasters which http://www.china.org.cn/english/environment/95012.htm

- SEARCH - WEATHER CHINA INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ... China Calendar Hot Links -Media- Xinhua News Agency People's Daily China Daily China Radio International Beijing Review China Today China Pictorial People's China El Popola Cinio Chinese Literature Other web sites China Development Gateway Chinese Embassies Tornado Pummels Guangdong Areas At least six people were killed and more than 100 injured, including 22 seriously, when a tornado struck Huilai County and the city of Lufeng in the eastern part of south China's Guangdong Province over the weekend. Those killed included a pregnant woman and two 12- and 14-year-old students, both girls. Wu Xiuzhen, 39, who was four months pregnant, was sent flying 10 meters into the sky while she was working in her fields. Wu, a mother of four, died in her fall during the Mother's Day incident. And 10 seriously injured villagers have been sent to Shantou City People's Hospital for treatment where medical standards are much better. Huilai's Qishi Township and Lufeng's Jiazi Township were hardest hit by the ravaging tornado, generally seen at such a fierce level only once per century.

30. Environment And Natural Resources/Ocean.-Coastal-Marine using GIS, has been developed for many areas of the South Carolina rivers and testedin the Leaf river basin of the ESI concept to the entire coastal zone and http://gis.esri.com/library/userconf/proc96/ABSTRACT/A3_830Wed.htm

Integration of Real-Time Data for Oil Spill Trajectory Modeling in a GIS Lee A. Smith, Texas General Land Office ArcView and the Unified Command for Spill Cleanup G. Serpell Edwards, Texaco Exploration and Production Technology Department Using GIS for the environmental review of offshore oil and gas operations Ed Vigil and Norman Froomer , E302 Bld Howe - Russel, LSU Moderator: Doug Cribbs Natural Resource Mapping using GIS: Coastal and Watershed Applications Joanne Halls, Jacqueline Michel, and Miles O. Hayes, Research Planning, Inc. Back to Paper Presentation Abstracts

31. CSIRO - Australia's Coastal Environment to equip managers and users of coastal areas with tools Hobart s Derwent Estuary madethe river and bay choice for investigation under the coastal Zone Program http://www.csiro.au/index.asp?id=Marine_Estuarine and Coastal_Australias Coastal

32. Media Backgrounder: ONTARIO INVESTS IN PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION UNDER THE CAN and protect the province’s unique coastal environment through the of Quinte, SevernSound, Niagara river, St fish and wildlife habitats, and protected areas;; http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/news/2004/042101mb1.htm

central site feedback search site map ... Print Printer-friendly version Location: Ministry Home News 2004 News Releases Media Backgrounder April 21, 2004 ONTARIO INVESTS IN PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION UNDER THE CANADA-ONTARIO AGREEMENT ON THE GREAT LAKES The Ontario government is committed to helping protect and conserve the Great Lakes. Many of Ontario’s strong environmental initiatives and actions will help clean up and restore these natural treasures for future generations. The largest of these initiatives is the 2002 Canada-Ontario Agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem (COA), which has been signed by eight federal agencies and three provincial agencies. Ontario is investing $50 million over five years to help clean up the Great Lakes and protect the province’s unique coastal environment through the implementation of COA-directed actions. This year, the McGuinty government expects to invest approximately $13 million on various priority initiatives with local Great Lakes partners across Ontario to improve and conserve the Great Lakes Basin. The money will be allocated to specific projects over the course of the year. The 2004/05 investment continues to build on the success of past year’s projects. Last year, the government invested $10 million in priority Great Lakes actions. Approximately $3.6 million was invested in projects led by the Ministry of Environment and $6.4 million in projects led by the Ministry of Natural Resources. Examples of projects undertaken in 2003/04 include:

33. Scottish Coastal Forum - Report Of Database Compilation : Chapter 3 - Future Pla are currently preparing CMPs, that include a coastal element, for completed a planfor the river Almond in the SAC Management Scheme; possible areas are Solway http://www.scotland.gov.uk/environment/coastalforum/database/rppr-04.asp

SCF Home Coastal Plans Inventory (2000) Contents Chapter 3 - Future Plans 3.1 River Basin District Management Plans The new EC Water Framework Directive that came into force on 22 December 2000 requires Member States to produce River Basin District Management Plans (RBDMP), with the first to be prepared by 2009. These may be based on individual river basins or groupings of basins into river basin districts. In Scotland, these could be represented by the three current Scottish Environment Protection Agency regions. The directive is effective to 1 nautical mile from territorial sea baselines offshore and so includes a significant area of coastal waters (see map titled " One Nautical Mile Limit " . RBDMPs will add to the current range of statutory plans covering coastal waters. In addition, sub-basin plans may be prepared although these will not be a mandatory / statutory requirement. 3.2 Catchment Management Plans 3.3 Marine Special Protection Areas Management Schemes Existing SPAs are limited to the mean low water spring mark, being based mainly on SSSI boundaries. If an SPA currently overlaps a SAC then it is possible that the SPA interest will be incorporated into the SAC Management Scheme; possible areas are Solway Firth, Papa Stour and parts of the Berwickshire Coast. To date, separate Management Schemes for SPAs have not been prepared.

34. Buro Happold - Explore Our Specialisms - Marine, Coastal And River Engineering A core objective is to harmoniously integrate developments into the environment.areas of expertise include river, estuary and coastal engineering. http://www.burohappold.com/explore/MarineCoastRiver.php?THIS_AREA=specialism&par

35. Global Environment - Gulf Coast's Ecological Heritage At Risk, Mississippi Delta wetlands to agriculture and urban areas, channelization, dam structures that keepthe river from switching The coastal wetlands associated with the Mississippi http://www.ucsusa.org/gulf/gcplacesmis.html

Search Climate in the Gulf The Report For Teachers Overview ... Human Perspectives Mississippi Delta CONTROLLING A RIVER: THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTAIC PLAIN The Mississippi delta region—with big population centers such as New Orleans—represents one of the most vulnerable regions of the Gulf Coast. The combined effects of engineered and altered landscapes, natural subsidence, and climate change will have tremendous consequences for human well-being, natural resources, and biodiversity. Over the past century, the nearly 1.3 million square mile watershed of the Mississippi River has experienced major environmental changes, including conversion of more than 80 percent of forested wetlands to agriculture and urban areas, channelization, dam construction, and river levees. The construction of massive structures that keep the river from switching channels has restricted sediment and freshwater supply to the flood plain. Losing Wetlands These changes have been especially damaging to the region's wetlands. The coastal wetlands associated with the Mississippi River delta make up nearly 40 percent of the total coastal salt marsh in the lower 48 states of the U.S. These wetlands are disappearing at an average rate of 25 square miles per year, about 50 acres each day. Already, more than one thousand square miles of freshwater wetlands in Louisiana have been lost or converted to other habitats. Only about 20 percent of the original bottomland hardwood forests and swamps in the lower Mississippi River valley remain today.

36. March 2004 Policy Statement On Flood And Coastal Defence, Lewes District Council for warnings to be provided in coastal and river floodplain areas in Lewes District,including individual warnings through the environment Agency’s automatic http://www.lewes.gov.uk/coun/env/floodpol.html

skip navigation text navigation Home Back ... Site Map Search powered by Freefind Environment Environmental Services Coast Protection ... Flooding Policy Statement on Flood and Coastal Defence: approved by LDC Cabinet 24 March 2004 1. Introduction 1.4 This Policy Statement fulfils that requirement. Copies are available from the LDC offices at Southover House, Southover Road, Lewes, BN7 1AB and Fort Road, Newhaven, BN9 9QE and from Seaford Tourist Information Centre, 25 Clinton Place, Seaford, BN25 1NP, and on the Internet at www.lewes.gov.uk. The Council is also providing a copy to: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Environment Agency 2. How the Council will deliver the Government's Policy Aim and Objectives To reduce the risk to people and the developed and natural environment from flooding and coastal erosion by encouraging the provision of technically, environmentally and economically sound and sustainable defence measures. Section 3 below sets out our plans for reducing, or managing, the risk of flooding and coastal erosion in Lewes District.

37. Nat'l Academies Press, Managing Wastewater In Coastal Urban Areas (1993), C TRAN Managing Wastewater in coastal Urban areas treatment and source control measures . Managing Wastewater in coastal Urban areas ( 1993) Commission on Geosciences, environment and Resources (CGER http://www.nap.edu/books/0309048265/html/231.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 800-624-6242 Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources ( CGER CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents FRONT MATTER, pp. i-xii CONTENTS, pp. xiii-xviii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, pp. 1-19 1 INTRODUCTION, pp. 20-52 2 KEY ISSUES RELATING TO WASTEWATER AND STORMWATER MANAGEM..., pp. 53-73 3 INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT, pp. 74-87 4 THE PROCESS, pp. 88-154 5 BENEFITS, BARRIERS, SOLUTIONS, AND IMPLEMENTATION, pp. 155-174 APPENDIXES, pp. 175-176 A THE ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN COASTAL WATERS, pp. 177-202 B MICROBIAL PATHOGENS IN COASTAL WATERS, pp. 203-230 C TRANSPORT AND FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN THE COASTAL MARINE E..., pp. 231-294 D ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR CONTROLLING COAST..., pp. 295-393 E POLICY OPTIONS AND TOOLS FOR CONTROLLING COASTAL ENVIRON..., pp. 394-430 F BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, pp. 431-442

38. Environment Agency - Coastal Areas From Chichester Harbour To Selsey Bill coastal areas from Chichester Harbour to Selsey Bill. name (eg Cardiff) OR 2) a rivername (eg http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/flood/floodwarning/C12A?time=10838

39. OzEstuaries - Coastal Indicator Development And Information System a means to monitor change in coastal environments as OzEstuaries database containsmapped areas for saltmarsh+saltflat (see Nassau river example below http://www.ozestuaries.org/indicators/In_saltmarsh_area_f.html

Changes in Saltmarsh Areas What are Salt Marshes? A coastal saltmarsh is community of plants and animals that grow along the upper-intertidal zone of coastal waterways. Salt marshes can be found in association with all the major subclasses of coastal wetland systems above mean high water spring tide level in Australia including: tide-dominated deltas, tide-dominated estuaries tidal creeks wave-dominated deltas ... wave-dominated estuaries and strandplains [7]. However, they are relatively more common in tide-dominated waterways and in wave-dominated delta's [7]. Salt marshes are habitats for communities of salt-tolerant vegetation (halophytes including: grasses, reeds, sedges and shrubs) and associated animals. The diversity of saltmarsh plant species increases with increasing latitude whereas the diversity of mangroves is highest in the lower latitudes of the tropics. When salt marshes and mangroves coexist, salt marshes are typically found at slightly higher elevations than the mangroves, which are closer to the tidal flooding source. When

40. OzEstuaries - Coastal Indicator Development And Information System river regulation, barrages, infrastruture and floodplain structures can wetlands arefound in coastal areas (Figure 1 saltmarsh and sand/mudflats areas 5) are http://www.ozestuaries.org/indicators/In_Wetland_cover_f.html

Changes in Coastal Wetland Coverage What are Coastal Wetlands? Wetlands are "areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres and may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six metres at low tide lying within the wetlands" [1]. In the coastal context, wetland habitats may include seagrass meadows (and other aquatic macrophyte beds), mangrove areas or saltmarsh swamps , dune lakes, wave- and tide-dominated deltas wave- and tide-dominated estuaries strandplains and coastal lagoons , coral reefs, sand/mudflats, tidal creeks , coastal floodplains, distributary channels, drainage depressions, ox-bow lakes, back levee swamps, sedge lands, and swamp forests. Figure 1.

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