1. United Nations Environment Programme Programmes concentrate on species, forests, protected areas, marine and Island DevelopingStates, and Integrated coastal Area and river Basin Management. http://www.unep.org/themes/marine/

United Nations Environment Programme environment for development Select an issue Atmosphere Biodiversity Chemicals Energy Environmental Assesment Freshwater Land Sustainable Consumption Urban Issues Search Home About UNEP UNEP offices News centre ... Milestones Resources for: Governments Scientists Journalists Children and Youth ... Civil Society UNEP Activities in Marine and Coastal Areas Small Island Developing States Network - SIDSnet Small Island Developing States Network (SIDSnet) is a direct follow-up to the 1994 Barbados Programme of Action (BPoA). SIDSnet connects 43 Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Pacific, Caribbean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean and African island nations. In 2004, the International community will convene in Mauritius to discuss recommendations for further and successful implementation of the BPoA. UN Atlas of Oceans This Internet-based Atlas provides users with continuously updated strategic data on the state of the world's oceans, maps, development trends and threats to human health from the deteriorating marine environment. The Oceans is the result of extensive cooperation in the UN and with leading scientific agencies.It is designed to be an encyclopedic resource but also the world's foremost information clearinghouse and online forum for experts in ocean issues.

2. River Cetina Watershed And The Adjacent Coastal Area: Environmental And Socio-ec interactions between the river basins and associated coastal areas, the Priority Actions resources and the environment of river basins and associated coastal areas in an integrated http://www.ramsar.org/w.n.cetina_book.htm

What's New @ Ramsar New book on integrated management of the river Cetina watershed UNEP/MAP/PAP: River Cetina Watershed and the Adjacent Coastal Area: environmental and socio-economic profile . Split, Priority Actions Programme, 2000. Probably for the first time ever, a regional development and planning study links integrated coastal zone management issues with similar approaches covering the relevant hinterland. Starting from the Cetina river mouth on the Adriatic Sea, a particular ecosystem of the adjacent coastal area, that includes significant marine channels and an important archipelago, the study also covers the e reviewed by Tobias Salathé, Ramsar Regional Coordinator for Europe Reprint of the book's Foreword Coastal areas have been recognised as most valuable areas in many countries. Apart from being environmentally sensitive and highly productive, the coastal areas are also attractive for human population and, therefore, for economic development. Sixty percent of the world's population lives within 60 km of the coastlines, and this figure is forecasted to rise to 75% within the next three decades. In order to address a complex natural system and interactions between human activities and natural environment, during 1990s, the need for an integrated approach to coastal area management was recognised. Only in this manner, environmental, social, economic, institutional, financial, legislative and other elements could be identified and incorporated into sustainable development.

3. USGS Fact Sheet: Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Many questions remain about the environment in which barrier islands evolve and wetland of the Mississippi river, sealevel rise, subsidence of coastal areas, and beach nourishment http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/LAwetlands/lawetlands.html

U.S. Geological Survey Marine and Coastal Geology Program Louisiana Coastal Wetlands: A Resource At Risk "The swamps and marshes of coastal Louisiana are among the Nation's most fragile and valuable wetlands, vital not only to recreational and agricultural interests but also the State's more than $1 billion per year seafood industry. The staggering annual losses of wetlands in Louisiana are caused by human activity as well as natural processes. U.S. Geological Survey scientists are conducting important studies that are helping planners to understand the life cycle of wetlands by detailing the geologic processes that shape them and the coast, and by providing geologic input to models for mitigation strategies." S. Jeffress Williams, U.S. Geological Survey Show full-size image (96K GIF). Atchafalaya Delta, LA Louisiana's 3 million acres of wetlands are lost at the rate about 75 square kilometers annually, but reducing these losses is proving to be difficult and costly. Approximately half the Nation's original wetland habitats have been lost over the past 200 years. In part, this has been a result of natural evolutionary processes, but human activities, such as dredging wetlands for canals or draining and filling for agriculture, grazing, or development, share a large part of the responsibility for marsh habitat alteration and destruction. Louisiana's wetlands today represent about 40 percent of the wetlands of the continental United States, but about 80 percent of the losses. The State's wetlands extend as much as 130 kilometers inland and along the coast for about 300 kilometers. Not all the wetlands are receding; in fact some wetlands are stable, and others are growing. But, at the present net rate of wetlands loss, Louisiana will have lost this crucial habitat in about 200 years. Considerable effort has been expended, and will continue to be expended, on understanding the processes that control wetlands evolution.

4. Environment Agency - Nutrients - An Overview years to achieve a healthy and diverse environment in these related areas Improvedand protected inland and coastal waters Indicator river phosphate Indicator http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/water/210440/210443/?version=1&

5. Implication Of Dams On The Freshwater And Coastal Environment And Its Resources river basin and its associated coastal areas, particularly the ecological and relatedsocioeconomic effects of the construction of dams on the environment of http://www.dams.org/kbase/submissions/showsub.php?rec=env107

6. Integrated Coastal Area And River Basin Management (ICARM) United Nations environment Programme (UNEP), through its Freshwater, Ocean and coastal areas programme, has extended to manage both river basins and coastal areas in an integrated http://www1.unep.org/icarm

I ntegrated C oastal A rea and R iver Basin M anagement ( ICARM United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Technical Cooperation Branch in cooperation with Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Center (PAP/RAC) of the Mediterranean Action Plan Introduction In this understanding, UNEP Technical Cooperation Branch and Priority Actions Programme Activity Centre (PAP/RAC) of the Mediterranean Action Plan have jointly developed and published the Conceptual Framework and Planning Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Area and River Basin Management in 1999 ( for download - English French-francais introduction to the guidelines Case Studies UNEP (Technical Cooperation Branch) and the Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre of the Mediterranean Action Plan organized a workshop on Integrated Coastal Area and River Basin Management in Toulon, 10-12 January 2000. The workshop was hosted by the IFREMER, France. During the workshop, five case studies on the ICARM approach were presented: Krka River Basin and the Adjacent Coastal Areas (Croatia) Watershed Area of the Rhone River and Its Adjacent Coastal Area (France) Penang Island (Malaysia) Lower Limpopo River Basin and its associated coastal area (Mozambique) Cetina River basin and its associated coastal area (Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) Further, cases of the Mediterranean countries were also presented (download - meeting report -

7. EW - Coastal Flooding In The Waikato Region environment Waikato measures tide information in three areas Waikato river at HoodsLanding, Otaua. service, providing warnings of potential coastal flooding. http://www.ew.govt.nz/enviroinfo/hazards/naturalhazards/coastal/flooding.htm

Print Version Em ail Us Site Map Home Environmental Information Natural Hazards Natural Hazards ... Coastal Hazards Coastal Flooding On This Site: Main Sections About EW Environmental Info For Schools News and Events ... Resource Consents Related Links: Coastal Erosion Development Setback Recommendations: Coromandel Beaches Tsunami Coastal Flooding Coastal flooding is a natural hazard in the Waikato Region. Low lying areas around the Firth of Thames, some eastern Coromandel Peninsula settlements, and flood plains in the Hauraki District are particularly at risk. Find out what causes coastal flooding and how it can be managed to prevent damage to people’s lives and property. On this page: What causes coastal flooding What we are doing Useful links In the Waikato Region coastal flooding is more likely to occur in: the low lying areas around the Firth of Thames (including State Highway 25) some eastern Coromandel Peninsula settlements large, intensively farmed flood plains in the Hauraki District which are near sea-level. High tides can also affect river flooding, increasing water levels some way up a river from where it flows into the sea. As well as threatening people’s lives and property, coastal flooding has an economic and social effect on communities, including the:

8. EW - Proposed Regional Coastal Plan /APPENDIX VI: Glossary A transition zone (or environment) includes areas that are and inland as far as coastalinfluences extend plains, rocky platforms and cliffs, river mouth deltas http://www.ew.govt.nz/policyandplans/rcpintro/coastalplan/CoastalPlan_124.htm

Print Version Em ail Us Site Map Home Policy and Plans Regional Coastal Plan Proposed Regional Coastal Plan Regional Coastal Plan On This Site: Main Sections About EW Environmental Info For Schools News and Events ... Index APPENDIX VI: Glossary Text appearing in green identifies those parts of the plan that are the subject of references to the Environment Court. Please email us for further information on legal status. [NB: Definitions marked with an * are taken from the RMA 1991 or Resource Management Amendment Act 1993] Air Quality Characteristics: Include: the health status of the air (i.e. the ability to sustain all life) the presence/level/lack of objectionable odorous contaminants the presence/level/lack of objectionable particulate contaminants natural/unhindered views and visibility matters of importance to Maaori. (Environment Waikato, 1997). Amenity Values*: Those natural or physical qualities and characteristics of an area that contribute to people's appreciation of its pleasantness, aesthetic coherence, and cultural and recreational attributes. Anchoring: means the securing of a vessel to the bed of the waterway by means of an anchor, cable or other device that is removed with the vessel when it leaves the site of anchorage.

9. Nat'l Academies Press, Managing Wastewater In Coastal Urban Areas (1993), B MICR Managing Wastewater in coastal Urban areas .TABLE B.6 Survival of Enteric Pathogens and Indicator Bacteria in Fresh and Marine Waters (Source .Feachem et al . Managing Wastewater in coastal Urban areas ( 1993) Commission on Geosciences, environment and Resources (CGER in the Hudson river plume, Chester river, and the upper Chesapeake http://www.nap.edu/books/0309048265/html/203.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 800-624-6242 Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources ( CGER CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents FRONT MATTER, pp. i-xii CONTENTS, pp. xiii-xviii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, pp. 1-19 1 INTRODUCTION, pp. 20-52 2 KEY ISSUES RELATING TO WASTEWATER AND STORMWATER MANAGEM..., pp. 53-73 3 INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT, pp. 74-87 4 THE PROCESS, pp. 88-154 5 BENEFITS, BARRIERS, SOLUTIONS, AND IMPLEMENTATION, pp. 155-174 APPENDIXES, pp. 175-176 A THE ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN COASTAL WATERS, pp. 177-202 B MICROBIAL PATHOGENS IN COASTAL WATERS, pp. 203-230 C TRANSPORT AND FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN THE COASTAL MARINE E..., pp. 231-294 D ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR CONTROLLING COAST..., pp. 295-393 E POLICY OPTIONS AND TOOLS FOR CONTROLLING COASTAL ENVIRON..., pp. 394-430 F BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, pp. 431-442

10. Chapter 3 1.1 Public Water Areas (Rivers, Coastal Waters) Quality Standards related to preserve the living environment. Osaka Prefectural Governmentdivides 73 river areas into 5 A to E) and 8 coastal water areas into http://nett21.gec.jp/CTT_DATA/WMON/CHAP_3/html/Wmon-041.html

Technology of Water Pollution Continuous Monitoring in JAPAN Overview of Water Pollution Monitoring Conducted by Local Governments in Japan 1. Purpose and Outline of Water Pollution Continuous Monitoring 1.1 Public Water Areas (Rivers, Coastal Waters) (1) Purpose The article 15 of the Water Pollution Control Law, enacted in 1970, states that the governor of each prefecture must continuously monitor pollution in public water areas and underground water. The obligation of Osaka Prefecture's governor is specifically defined by the Ordinance Concerning Preservation of the Living Environment in Osaka Prefecture, enacted in 1994, which states that the governor has to continuously monitor water pollution in public water areas (article 67). The Ordinance also states that the governor has to continuously monitor water pollution in underground water (article 81). Based on the law, Osaka Prefectural Government prepares its Measurement Plan for Public Water Areas and Underground Water Quality every year, and monitors water pollution under this plan. (2) Measurement plan Osaka Prefectural Government monitors water pollution based on the Measurement Plan it prepares each year. The Measurement Plan is determined by proposals under the Environmental Council of Osaka Prefectural Government, includes the following:

11. The Coastal Environment comes from coastal areas and upwelling areas (which are Why are coastal zones productive?river export of nutrients, localized nutrient upwelling, water column http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/coastalenv/coas

The Coastal Environment Jump to: [ Types of Coastal Zones What Makes Coastal Zones Biologically Productive Threats to Coastal Zones Vulnerability to Hazards ... Format for printing In this lecture period, we wish to learn: How are coastal environments important to society? What are specific types of coastal ecosystems and how is their biological productivity being threatened? What human hazards are associated with living near coasts? How can we minimize or mitigate risks to human welfare and coastal resources? Types of Coastal Zones Coastal zones include many types of environments: Upwelling areas were described in a previous lecture. They are highly productive because nutrient rich water from depth reaches the surface where ample sunlight fuels primary production. Coral reefs are amongst the most impressive and diverse, as well as productive structures on earth. Although we will not discuss reefs in detail, you should be aware that coral reefs face a variety of serious threats . Reefs of the Tropical Americas are at particularly high risk.

12. Fifth International Conference On Environmental Problems In Coastal Regions: Riv and control coastal restoration coastal engineering Urban planning in coastal areas. coastalWaters. by Global environment Centre ID2341, river Basin Initiative http://www.riverbasin.org/ev_en.php?ID=2341_201&ID2=DO_TOPIC

13. Coasts And The Sea - Health Of The Marine And Coastal Environment marine environment through programs targeting areas under stress wastewater on theAdelaide coastal waters, including sampling of the Port river and targeted http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/reporting/coast/health.html

Water Quality - Barcoo Outlet Water Quality - Adelaide and Encounter Bay Beaches ... What are the Issues? What is the Situation? Change in the Distribution and Abundance of Seagrass Change in the Distribution and Abundance of Mangroves Quality of Coastal Waters Assessed Agasinst National Water Quality Guidelines Condition of Reefs ... Links Health of the Marine and Coastal Environment Trends Area of seagrass along the Adelaide coastline: DECREASING with 720 hectares lost between 1995 and 2002. Area of mangroves: DECREASING in selected locations along the South Australian coastline. Development along the South Australian coastline: INCREASING Pollutant loads in wastewater discharged into Gulf St Vincent: DECREASING Marine Protected Areas: UP from 3.5% of total State waters in 1996 to 4.4% in 2002. Findings from the 2003 State of the Environment Report Making Progress The Living Coast Strategy, to be released in late 2003, is a new South Australian initiative that aims to achieve sustainable management of the coast and marine environment through the implementation of ecosystem-based management practices.

14. NRC | State Of The Environment 2002 | Regional Profile | 2.5 Ecosystems with beaches important as roosting, nesting and feeding areas for coastal birdssuch Harbours and estuaries within drowned river valleys are common along http://www.nrc.govt.nz/special/soe.2002/regional.profile/2-5-index.shtml

REGIONAL PROFILE 2.5 Ecosystems 2.5.1 Rivers, Lakes and Wetlands 2.5.2 Forests and Shrublands ... 2.5.3 Coastal 2.5 Ecosystems 2.5.1 Rivers, Lakes and Wetlands Most of the rivers and streams in Northland, with the exception of the Northern Wairoa, are relatively short with small catchments. While river flows vary considerably, Northland's rivers are generally characterised as being slow flowing and muddy. The rivers with the highest conservation value are those whose catchments are the least modified, and include the Wairau, Waipapa and Waipoua rivers. Dune lakes and associated freshwater wetlands are numerous on the coastal sands of the region. Northland also has many inland wetlands, the most significant being those linked with the mid catchments of the larger rivers such as Lake Owhareti, Ngawha Springs wetlands, Motatau wetlands, Waitangi wetland complex, Punakitere wetlands and Mangonui River wetlands. The original area of wetlands has been greatly reduced due to drainage and conversion for agricultural purposes. The remaining wetlands show evidence of these practices in that they are small, scattered and vulnerable to changes in hydrological regimes. The most significant areas of dune lakes and wetlands remaining are Aupouri Peninsula, Kaimaumau Swamp, Lake Ohia, Kai Iwi Lakes and on the Pouto Peninsula.

15. Portugal - Costa Azul - Nature And Environment The river bank dates from when the coastal line was of this area and also create attractiveintervals to the beach, providing welcome recreational areas. http://www.portugalvirtual.pt/_tourism/costadelisboa/costazul/naturezu.html

Costa Azul Nature and Environment Portugal Tourism Lisbon Costa Azul Nature and Environment e-Mail The need to conserve nature, landscape, heritage in harmony with the growing needs of a nounshing population has recently been responsible for the establishing of protected areas, one National Park, two Natural Reserves and an area of Protected landscape. The idea is to establish a closer contact between man and nature, keeping alive traditional activities and resources to provide for balanced development. Guided Tour On the coast, between the sandy beaches and clear water, up above, breeding grounds for birds of prey abound and one can also find a typical maritime flora which extends as far as the Serra do Risco, the highest coastal point of continental Portugal (300 metres above sea-level). In Creiro, around the Pedra da Anicha, an island traced above the sea leads us to the only zoological reserve of the Natural Park, named so because of the value of underwater plant species found there. NATURAL RESERVE OF THE SADO ESTUARY The Natural Reserve of the Sado Estuary, created in 1989 covers an enormous area of 23,160 hectares. It was created to conserve nature and preserve values found in and around this magnificent estuary.

16. Environment Portal - Search Results Landcare; National Water Week; Oceans and coastal areas; rivers; Salt New South Wales;Catchment areas; Dams; Inland waterways; Recreation Swan river Trust (WA). http://www.environment.gov.au/search97cgi/s97_cgi?action=Search&QueryText=Rivers

17. GEO-3: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK range of landbased pollution on coastal ecosystems. intensively farmed croplandsclose to major river mouths a relatively low base, but certain areas, such as http://www.grida.no/geo/geo3/english/551.htm

UNEP DEWA UNEP.Net GEO-1 ... GEO-3 GEO: Global Environment Outlook 3 Past, present and future perspectives Contact Us Help Search GEO-3: Home GEO-3 Chapter 4 Environmental implications ... Table of contents Ecosystems under pressure Extent of built-up areas (% of total land area) Population growth and urbanization are drivers of expanding land use for human settlements. Asia and the Pacific, Africa and West Asia see big increases to 2032, irrespective of scenario. Source: PoleStar (see technical annex Key to charts Biodiversity preservation represents another major environmental challenge at the global level. Without strenuous policy action, humans continue to develop more of the planet, reducing and fragmenting natural ecosystems. The built-up area increases in nearly all regions and scenarios, the only exceptions being North America and Europe where the area declines slightly in Sustainability First (see chart on the right). Lack of effective controls, including realistic price hurdles to urban land expansion, is most evident in the

18. GEO-3: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK Lightly used coastal resources, Intensive management, Only a few examples under thiscategory — even large, remote areas such as the Orinoco river delta are http://www.grida.no/geo/geo3/english/339.htm

UNEP DEWA UNEP.Net GEO-1 ... GEO-3 GEO: Global Environment Outlook 3 Past, present and future perspectives Contact Us Help Search GEO-3: Home GEO-3 Chapter 2 Coastal and marine areas ... Table of contents Exploitation of coastal and marine resources The region’s coastal zones are the foundation of its economy and sustainability — 60 of the 77 largest towns are on the coasts, and 60 per cent of the population lives within 100 km of the coast (Cohen and others 1997). Development of residential areas and tourism infrastructure has greatly changed the features of coastal areas in the region. Physical alterations of coastlines due to urban growth and the construction of ports and industrial infrastructure are among the major factors that impact the region’s coastal and marine ecosystems. Tourism represents around 12 per cent of the GDP of the region, much of which is concentrated along the coasts. Some 100 million tourists visit the Caribbean each year and contribute 43 per cent of GDP and onethird of export revenue (WTTC 1993). The direct and indirect effects of tourism on coastal and marine areas can be seen in the increasing conversion of coastal habitats and subsequent impacts. For example, overextraction of ground water by expanding tourism infrastructure results in the intrusion of brackish or salt water into coastal aquifers, eventually contaminating the groundwater system and coastal soil.

19. EEA - Reports - Environment In The European Union At The Turn Of The Century - 3 from 1975 to 1990 in the coastal zones in areas surrounding the European Arctic seasare sparsely populated the increase in mineral and nutrients river discharge http://reports.eea.eu.int/92-9157-202-0/en/page314.html

Glossary FAQ Site map Home ... English 3.14 Coastal and Marine ... Environment in the European Union at the turn of the century Environmental assessment report No 2 Abstract Content Summary Related Resources Create my PDF Order Chapter 3.14 Coastal and Marine Zones - Environment in EU at the turn of the century Among the 25 less favoured areas in EU in 1983, 23 were coastal areas. The fact that 19 remain so in 1996 shows that in spite of the high expenditure under EU financial instruments (about two-third of the EU Structural funds are allocated to coastal areas) the cohesion results have not been achieved. This lack of economic growth curbs the conditions for environmental management. Coastal areas could provide the best example of environmental integration. To date, an integrated approach to Coastal Zone Management tourism . The number of tourists in the Mediterranean coastal region is set to rise from 135 million in 1990 to 235-353 million in 2025. Tourism is also important for other coastal regions including the Baltic Sea states, the North Sea and North East Atlantic coasts. Overall, the annual growth rate for tourism in Europe is 3.7% per year. Whether this growth rate will continue depends on Europe maintaining its market share in competition with other tourism destinations. Urbanisation All EU regional seas are covered by Conventions which share the aim of protecting the marine environment. The Conventions are relatively complete (by means of appropriate scientific and management tools) but they still need to be enforced and above all co-ordinated to provide comparable information.

20. Coastal Zone: Coastal Zone Management Plan make any changes in the approved categorisation of CRZ areas without prior The CoastalRegulation Zone will be 500m from HTL in the river Haldi, except http://kolkata.wb.nic.in/environment/html/coastal_zone_classification1.htm

Department of Environment Government of West Bengal Home Key Contacts Policy Statement Legislations ... Webmaster The Department About Department Minister Principal Secretary Organization Structure Areas of Activity Projects Bio-diversity Coastal Zone Hazardous Chemicals ... Wetlands State of Environment(1998) Executive Summary Full Report CEMSAP CEMSAP Report-1997 Link Center Ministry of Environment Govt of India WBPCB CPCB ... IWMED Data Bank Kolkata Air Quality NGO Directory Water Cess No.J-17011/24/92-IA-II Government of India I.A.Division Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110 003 Dated 27th September, 1996 To The Chief Secretary Government of West Bengal Calcutta Subject: COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN (CZMP) OF WEST BENGAL Sir

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