61. John S. Mosby In The Shenandoah Valley Offers a biography, photos and extensive background material including external links. http://www.angelfire.com/va3/valleywar/people/mosby.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" The Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley provided by A Heritage Enterprise-Your History Connection a On December 6, 1833, Virginia McLaurine Mosby, wife of Alfred Daniel Mosby, gave birth to a son and named him John Singleton, after his paternal grandfather. Mosby lived in Nelson County, Va. until the age of six when his father moved to adjoining Albemarle County, four miles from Charlottesville and within viewing distance of Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. After showing proficiency in Greek during grade school, he enrolled at the University of Virginia on October 3, 1850. But after shooting a fellow student after a dispute, Mosby was expelled from the University, and took up several months of study in a local law office. He soon passed the bar and set up his own practice in nearby Howardsville, also in Albemarle County. A town visitor, Pauline Clarke, captured Mosby's affection. After courting her, he moved to her hometown of Bristol, on the Tennessee border. On December 30, 1857 they were married. Their first child, a daughter named May, was born on May 10, 1859. When Virginia followed other Southern states and voted to secede from the Union following Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency in 1860, Mosby decided to enlist in the Confederate army. Mosby retreated into a self-imposed exile after the war until he acquired his parole from General U.S. Grant (see full text). He settled down in Warrenton, Va. in Fauquier County to re-establish his law practice. Politics, however, called to him. When Grant became president in 1869, Mosby visited him in the White House and offered his support. Mosby publicly backed the Republican in his 1872 re-election bid, and Grant carried Virginia. Under Hayes, Grant's successor, Mosby became a consul to Hong Kong (1878-1885). After returning to the United States, he became active on the lecture circuit and penned his war reminiscences and several other works for magazines and newspapers, spreading his account of his exploits during the war. After a series of physical debilitations, Mosby died on May 30, 1916 at the age of 82.

62. People Washington College Chestertown, MD, USA The American civil war. people. John Brown, abolitionist, photo; Cagles in the civil war; The http://www.homepages.dsu.edu/jankej/civilwar/people.htm

Washington College Chestertown, MD, USA The American Civil War People John Brown , abolitionist, photo Cagles in the Civil War The Catawba Indians, York County, South Carolina Tom Chamberlain, Lawrence's brother, both of the 20th Maine Chinese Serving in the Civil War Civil War Biographies Tom Custer , Rosemary Pardoe The Papers of Jefferson Davis German-Americans in the Civil War , from Indiana-Kentucky Rose O'Neal Greenhow , Confederate spy Hickman Family Hungarians in the American Civil War The Irish in the War , 28th Massachusetts Jews in the Civil War , Leah Berkowitz Kentucky's German Americans in the Civil War Xerxes Knox , Pvt., Co. G, 3rd Iowa Cavalry, history Life Stories of Civil War Heroes John A. Oates , 1st Lt, Co. G, 15th Alabama Volunteer Infantry Soldiers in the Civil War , with photos from the National Archives Thomas B. Reeves , 2nd Lt, 10th Indiana Cavalry, Co. C, includes info on Andersonville, Sultana , Indiana, etc.

63. Civil War Generals, Soldiers And Others The famous leader of Quantrill s Raiders during the civil war is vilified by the William Tecumseh Sherman Long hated by the people of northwest Georgia for his http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/civilwarpeople/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History American History Wars and Diplomacy ... Civil War Generals and Soldiers Home Essentials 13 Original Colonies Timelines ... The Presidents of the United States zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); American Culture Wars and Diplomacy Historical Figures Government and Politics ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About American History newsletter. Search American History Civil War Generals, Soldiers and Others Those who served in one way or another at the major point in our history. Alphabetical Recent Up a category "Civil War Minutes" Review This four-volume, 180-minute account gives viewers an inside glimpse into the everyday life of Civil War soldiers. Read this review from American History Magazine. Sherman: A Soldier's Life William Tecumseh Sherman's military career included much more than simply his famous "March to the Sea." Read this review about a new book by Lee Kennett about this famous soldier from American History magazine. William Quantrill: Murderer or Soldier?

64. Causes Of The Civil War - The Relation Of Slavery, State's Rights, Sectionalism, The civil war was caused by a myriad of conflicting pressures, principles, and Speaking, in effect, to the people of the North concerning slavery, “It is not http://www.swcivilwar.com/cw_causes.html

The Civil War was caused by a myriad of conflicting pressures, principles, and prejudices, fueled by sectional differences and pride, and set into motion by a most unlikely set of political events. At the root of all of the problems was the institution of slavery, which had been introduced into North America in early colonial times. The American Revolution had been fought to validate the idea that all men were created equal, yet slavery was legal in all of the thirteen colonies throughout the revolutionary period. Although it was largely gone from the northern states by 1787, it was still enshrined in the new Constitution of the United States, not only at the behest of the Southern ones, but also with the approval of many of the Northern delegates who saw that there was still much money to be made in the slave trade by the Yankee shipping industry. Eventually its existence came to color every aspect of American life. At the Constitutional Convention there were arguments over slavery. Representatives of the Northern states claimed that if the Southern slaves were mere property, then they should not be counted toward voting representation in Congress. Southerners, placed in the difficult position of trying to argue, at least in this case, that the slaves were human beings, eventually came to accept the three-fifths compromise, by which five slaves counted as three free men toward that representation. By the end of the convention the institution of slavery itself, though never specifically mentioned, was well protected within the body of the Constitution.

65. The American Civil War - The Struggle To Preserve The Union civil war. I do not propose to write another one here. I cannot expect to entirely do justice to an event in American history which defined us as a people and http://www.swcivilwar.com/

Literally thousands of books have been written on the single subject, or some detail of the subject of the American Civil War. I do not propose to write another one here. I cannot expect to entirely do justice to an event in American history which defined us as a people and redefined the country as a Nation, rather than as a mere experiment in Federal Republicanism. The war profoundly changed the people who endured it. Those changes remain very much with us today. Its conclusion established the supremacy of the authority of the Federal government over that of the individual states, ended the institution of slavery, and stimulated the industrial growth and prosperity of the entire country. The cast of characters, the violent clash of opposing beliefs, and the huge stakes involved in the outcome make the Civil War a drama which is hard to ignore for anyone interested in our history. What have I to add the din of 50,000 authors that could be new or worthwhile?

66. Civil War Sites photographers. Edit. 27. Selected civil war Quotes Quotes from Different people of the civil war period. Very resourceful. Edit. 28. stuff http://oswego.org/staff/cchamber/resources/civilwar.cfm

Abraham Lincoln This website includes a biography, photographs, and lots of information about Abraham Lincoln including my e-mail address to answer questions about his life. [ Edit Abraham Lincoln Quotes, A collection of This page contains a sampling of authenticated quotes from President Abraham Lincoln. [ Edit Abraham Lincoln, Discovery School This site is about Abraham Lincoln's life. [ Edit American Civil War: Thinkquest Welcome to the American Civil War web site. It is the intent of the creators of this web site to give the visitor a feel for the war and exactly how costly and tragic it really was. The Civil War Experience is a series of pages designed as a presentation for the visitor. Although it is suggested that the visitor continue on through the Experience in a linear fashion, feel free to explore other factors of the war illustrated at this site. [ Edit American Civil War: Thinkquest On this Civil War site, you will find games and information on battles and people. [ Edit Camp Life: Civil War Collections his exhibit highlights the common, everyday items of Amercian Civil War soldiers. Rather than featuring the horrors of the battlefield, the exhibit showcases leisure time activities and personal possesions of soldiers in camp. [

67. Civil War Herald WebQuest Commemorative Issue of your Herald newspaper about the issues, events and people surrounding that critical event called the civil war by some people, the war http://www.coollessons.org/civilwarpaper.htm

Civil War Herald WebQuest Introduction It is June 1, 1865, and the war has been over for about a month. You are newspaper reporters working for the finest paper in your state, the Herald . The publisher of your newspaper has called a meeting the newspaper staff. He said, “We do not want people to forget what has happened during the past fifteen years. We must record the truth as we know it about the war and what led up to it so that others will remember.” Task Your class will form different groups representing the staffs of newspapers in various cities. Some newspapers will represent the Southern point of view and others will represent the Northern point of view. Your newspaper staff must research, write and edit a “Commemorative Issue" of your Herald newspaper about the issues, events and people surrounding that critical event called the Civil War by some people, the War Between the States by others. The time period covered by this commemorative issue will be 1850-1865. The newspaper staff members will have various assignments. You will be using your textbook, library resources, and the Internet to find the information that will help you write your articles. Some specific Internet links have been listed with each assignment. However, you may search any of the

68. ReferenceResources:CivilWar The civil war, the Key people, Places, Documents, and Events Important to the civil war. Reference Resources Historical people Important to the civil war. http://www.kidinfo.com/American_History/Civil_War.html

Reference Resources: Civil War History Search Engine HistoryWizard : Search for resources and information about the Civil War Civil War All About the Civil War Links to informational sites about the Civil War American Civil War Archive Civil War Documents, Books, and Other Information; American Civil War Preservation Groups, Civil War Collections, Reenactment and Living History Web, US Library of Congress, Orders of Battle, Regimental Histories, Other American Civil War Sites of Interest, Civil War Poetry and Music The American Civil War Experience People, Experiences, Battles, and Timelines, and more American Civil War Homepage Links to the most useful electronic files about the American Civil War Civil War at the Smithsonian Online resource about the Civil War. Digitized images cover slavery and abolition, the weapons and leaders of the war, and the life and culture of the times. Civil War for Kids Illustrated Timeline, The Emancipation Proclamation, Uniforms, and the Biographies of Civil War Leaders

69. Civil War Famous people Generals and other Noteworthy people From the civil war. Leaders of the civil war, people and Leaders Thinkquest, Robert E. Lee, Robert E. Lee. http://www.picadome.fcps.net/lab/currl/civil_war/civil_war.htm

Civil War Battles Biographies Informational Sites Online Activities ... Webquests Informational Sites American Civil War - Thinkquest American Civil War.com American Civil War Homepage American War Deaths America's Story: Civil War ... The Blue and the Gray Project by 5th graders at John Livingston Elementary Hampton, Va. The Civil War The Civil War The Civil War by Mountain City Elementary students The Civil War Artillery Page Civil War at the Smithsonian Civil War @ Smithsonian Civil War Chronology ... Civil War Live - Thinkquest Civil War Medicine Civil War 101 Civil War Photographs Civil War Soldiers Museum ... United States Civil War - battles, timeline, causes, civil war leaders, music and food The US Civil War Center The Valley of the Shadow The War For State's Rights Weapons of the Civil War Battles America's Bloodiest Day Antietam National Battlefield Battle of Antietam The Battle of Bull Run ... Pickett's Charge Biographies Abraham Lincoln American Civil War Military Leaders Biography Index Civil War Leaders ... People and Leaders - Thinkquest Robert E. Lee

70. Civil War today! VARIOUS TOPICS American civil war Glossary The Unknown civil war people, places, events of the American Illiad. USCWC Agriculture http://www.teacheroz.com/civilwar.htm

The Civil War Updated July 16, 2003 JUMP TO: ABRAHAM LINCOLN THE RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD - RACISM - CONFEDERATE LOST CAUSE VARIOUS TOPICS THE SOUTH TODAY ... MORE CIVIL WAR SITES DIPLOMACY DURING THE WAR 1861-65: Diplomacy of the Civil War The Diplomacy of the American Civil War The Civil War's Last Great Peace Effort Meeting at Hampton Roads (Lincoln/Confederates) ... Foreign Influences in the Civil War ABRAHAM LINCOLN TIMELINE: Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Online Lincoln the Realist An Examination of Ex Parte Merryman - Patrick S. Poole ... Creative Quotations from Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) LINCOLN ELECTIONS Abraham Lincoln's Pre-Presidential Political Links 1860 Election Overview Election of 1860 Democratic PLATFORM OF 1860 (Douglas faction) ... Lincoln Political Cartoons of the elections of 1860 and 1864 For much, much more info on his early career, role in the Civil War, and his assassination, go to my Presidents page and scroll down to PRESIDENT #16!!! Also, check out Civil War Primary Documents for more speeches by Lincoln. HABEAS CORPUS - What is that?

71. People Of The Civil War In The Shenandoah Valley Important people of the civil war in the Shenandoah Valley. provided by A Heritage EnterpriseYour History Connection. Soldiers and http://www.angelfire.com/va3/valleywar/people.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Important People of the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley provided by A Heritage Enterprise-Your History Connection Soldiers and Civilians The People of the Shenandoah These pages are dedicated to those people and this beautiful land called the "Daughter of Stars". On the following pages you will find information as well as more than 500 links to pages directly related to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley. There are more than 100 links to infantry, cavalry, and artillery units of both side in the conflict. Check out the Confederate units that fought in the Valley and Federal Units that Fought in the Shenandoah Valley. BG Turner Ashby, CSA Southern Men and Women in the Valley Searchable roster of Virginia soldiers Major Harry W. Gilmor, Rebel Ranger from Maryland Champ Ferguson, Confederate Martyr or Murderer General Edward "Alleghany" Johnson ... The Confederate Army in the Shenandoah Valley, units, roster, and unit histories Northern Men and Women in the Valley Federal Cavalry and Artillery Units in the Shenandoah Valley General John C. Fremont

72. Gett Kidz- What Were They Fighting About? In the years before the civil war the political power in the Federal government As one portion of the nation grew larger than another, people began to talk of http://www.nps.gov/gett/gettkidz/cause.htm

What Caused the Civil War? Gettysburg National Military Park Kidzpage (Fort Scott National Historic Site) There were many reasons for a Civil War to happen in America, and political issues and disagreements began soon after the American Revolution ended in 1782. Between the years 1800 and 1860, arguments between the North and South grew more intense. One of the main quarrels was about taxes paid on goods brought into this country from foreign countries. This tax was called a tariff . Southerners felt these tariffs were unfair and aimed toward them because they imported a wider variety of goods than most Northern people. Taxes were also placed on many Southern goods that were shipped to foreign countries, an expense that was not always applied to Northern goods of equal value. An awkward economic structure allowed states and private transportation companies to do this, which also affected Southern banks that found themselves paying higher interest rates on loans made with banks in the North. The situation grew worse after several "panics", including one in 1857 that affected more Northern banks than Southern. Southern financiers found themselves burdened with high payments just to save Northern banks that had suffered financial losses through poor investment. In the years before the Civil War the political power in the Federal government, centered in Washington, D.C., was changing. Northern and mid-western states were becoming more and more powerful as the populations increased. Southern states lost political power because the population did not increase as rapidly. As one portion of the nation grew larger than another, people began to talk of the nation as sections. This was called

73. Lesson Plans state of the country prior to the civil war including the experiences of southerners and northerners, the causes of the civil war, the people who participated http://www.nps.gov/pete/mahan/lessonplans.html

Petersburg National Battlefield LESSON PLANS Teachers' Pages Resource Guide ... PNB Home Lesson Plans Teachers will find the following lesson plans useful for teaching units about the Civil War. While the lessons are designed to accompany the field trips to the Battlefield, they can also be used independently. All lesson plans are designed to fulfill certain Virginia Standards of Learning Objectives. Teachers can use the information presented in these lesson plans to accomodate varying grade levels. The following lessons explore the state of the country prior to the Civil War including the experiences of southerners and northerners, the causes of the Civil War, the people who participated and fought in the siege of Petersburg, and people's perceptions of this period as reflected in the poetry, music, and literature. Explore lessons that accompany the field trips: A Slave, A Plantation, A War Pre-visit Lesson Plan Post Visit Lesson Plan These lessons tell about slave life and plantation life in the south, and how the Civil War forever changed this structure. Study the words of a slave at Appomattox Manor, Dr. Eppes, owner of this plantation in Hopewell, and General Ulysses S. Grant, who occupied this plantation during the Siege of Petersburg. City Under Siege Pre-Visit Lesson Plan Post-Visit Lesson Plan Why was Petersburg a target for the Union army during the Civil War? Discover the "power of place" in these lesson plans, which focus on why people choose to settle in certain areas and the significance of transportation to the success of a city. Finally, discover the importance of supplying an army in the field, and how difficult it can be in the midst of a war.

74. Family Loyalties And The Civil War Quite often , different members of the same family would support opposite sides during the civil war. people were even known to swap sides some did so to save http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/dividedbythesword.htm

Divided by the Sword Family loyalties and the Civil War Quite often , different members of the same family would support opposite sides during the Civil War. People were even known to swap sides: some did so to save their skins, but others were genuinely confused about who to support. One family split by war was the Carew family who lived in Cornwall. The family had two sons called Alexander and John. Alexander began the war on the side of Parliament, he was put in charge of defending an island on the South Coast of England. But Alexander's family were Royalists. They were very angry that he had joined the other side. They took his picture down from the wall in their house cut it out of its frame and put it in the cellar out of sight. Then Alexander began to question if he was on the right side, he thought a lot about which side he should really be on. He decided that he would change sides and become a Royalist, he would also give up the island he was defending for Parliament to the Royalists. Unfortunately for Alexander the Parliamentarians found out about the plan to hand over the island. Alexander was captured, he was taken to London and executed. At his execution Alexander still wasn't sure which side he should be on and was glad to die because it solved his problem.

75. ORIGINS OF THE CIVIL WAR CONFLICT Though most of tariff laws had been changed by the time of the civil war, the Southern people still remembered how they were treated by the Northern people. http://scnc.cps.k12.mi.us/origins.htm

ORIGINS OF THE CIVIL WAR CONFLICT After the Constitution was adopted by all of the States in 1789, uniting the States into one nation, differences between the States had been worked out through compromises. By 1861 these differences between the Northern States (which included the Mid-Western and Western States) and the Southern States had become so great that compromise would no longer work. Thus, a conflict started within our nation that was called the Civil War. For more than 30 years arguments between the North and South had been growing. One of these quarrels was about taxes paid on goods brought into this country from foreign countries. This kind of tax is called a tariff. In 1828 Northern businessmen helped get the "Tariff Act" passed. It raised the prices of manufactured products from Europe which were sold mainly in the South. The purpose of the law was to encourage the South to buy the North's products. It angered the Southern people to have to pay more for the goods they wanted from Europe or pay more to get goods from the North. Either way the Southern people were forced to pay more because of the efforts of Northern businessmen. Though most of tariff laws had been changed by the time of the Civil War, the Southern people still remembered how they were treated by the Northern people. In the years before the Civil War the political power in the Federal Government, centered in Washington D.C., was changing. The Northern and Mid-Western States were becoming more and more powerful as the populations increased. The Southern States were losing political power. Just as the original thirteen colonies fought for their independence almost 100 years earlier, the Southern States felt a growing need for freedom from the central Federal authority in Washington D.C. They felt that each State should make its own laws. This issue was called "State's Rights". Some Southern States wanted to secede, or break away from the United States of America and govern themselves.

76. CIA Officers Warn Of Iraq Civil War, Contradicting Bush S Optimism t yet put its officers warnings about a potential Iraqi civil war in writing who enjoyed power under Saddam Hussein, will fail, and the Iraqi people will live http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0122-01.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Thursday, January 22, 2004 by Knight-Ridder CIA Officers Warn of Iraq Civil War, Contradicting Bush's Optimism by Warren P. Strobel and Jonathan S. Landay WASHINGTON - CIA officers in Iraq are warning that the country may be on a path to civil war, current and former U.S. officials said Wednesday, starkly contradicting the upbeat assessment that President Bush gave in his State of the Union address. The CIA officers' bleak assessment was delivered verbally to Washington this week, said the officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the classified information involved. The warning echoed growing fears that Iraq's Shiite majority, which has until now grudgingly accepted the U.S. occupation, could turn to violence if its demands for direct elections are spurned. Tens of thousands of Shiite Muslims protest in the streets Baghdad, Iraq. The protesters are demanding a fair election process for Iraq. (Photo/ Tom Pennington) Meanwhile, Iraq's Kurdish minority is pressing its demand for autonomy and shares of oil revenue.

77. Iraq May Be Slipping Into Civil War The UN chief in Iraq, Lakhdar Brahimi (R). Twentythree people were killed in the possibility of early elections and warned of the threat of civil war in Iraq. http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0216-06.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Monday, February 16, 2004 by the Associated Press Iraq May Be Slipping Into Civil War by Hamza Hendawi Rivalry and resentment among Iraq's ethnic and religious groups have become much more pronounced since Saddam's ouster in April. And those tensions are rising as various groups jockey for position with the approaching June 30 deadline for Iraqis to retake power The fault lines are emerging for a possible civil war. CIVIL WAR? The UN chief in Iraq, Lakhdar Brahimi (R). Twenty-three people were killed in an attack on an Iraqi Civil Defense Corps position in Fallujah, the third attack by insurgents this week against Iraqi forces, a day after the United Nations ruled out the possibility of early elections and warned of the threat of civil war in Iraq. (AFP/Marwan Naamani) Veteran U.N. envoy Lakhdar Brahimi, who just finished a visit to the country, pointedly warned Iraqi leaders they face "very serious dangers" if they do not put the interests of the nation ahead of those of their clans, tribes, ethnic groups and religious communities. "I have appealed to the members of the Governing Council and to Iraqis in every part of Iraqi to be conscious that civil wars do not happen because a person makes a decision, 'Today, I'm going to start a civil war,'" Brahimi told a news conference on Friday at the end of a mission to discuss ways of setting up an empowered Iraqi government.

78. U.S. Civil War Trivia Quizzes And Quiz Questions Difficult, 309, Dec 19 02, foxgap. 3, My Biggest civil war Quiz Yet! General questions about many things and many people. The questions http://www.funtrivia.com/dir/778.html

Home Directory History War History : U.S. Civil War American History Welcome to the World's Largest Trivia Website! This is the U.S. Civil War category. Enter the History Chat Board - talk about History with other FunTrivia members Category Editors: bloomsby Beatka trammgr Create: Create a U.S. Civil War Quiz Read Me First Bored? Come play against people from around the world! Play the FunTrivia Hourly Trivia Game (Win Prizes!) Title Difficulty Played Online Author The Battle of Fredericksburg A detailed quiz on the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia. Difficult Jan 20 04 WFlanigen Civil War Medical Stuff While watching a news interview show that had an expert on Civil Wat Medicine history I decided to create this quiz. Difficult Dec 19 02 foxgap My Biggest Civil War Quiz Yet! General questions about many things and many people. The questions are not in any particular order and go back and forth between the start and end of the war. Have fun and let me know how you like it. Difficult Sep 06 02 foxgap "American's Civil War" Part D It's been a while since I made a quiz so thought I would do one. As usual battles, dates, people. No fill-in-the-blank questions. Difficult Apr 02 04 Colmosby Ten Confederate Generals: Killed in Action This is a short quiz on ten Confederate Generals who were killed directly or died from their wounds. Please let me know how you like it, I have more if you enjoy this one. The quiz is on where each General received his fatal wound.

79. The Civil War Part 4 1831-1865. Narrative Resource Bank Teacher s Guide people Events The civil war and emancipation 1861 - 1865, Resource Bank Contents. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2967.html

Part 1: 1450-1750 Part 2: 1750-1805 Part 3: 1791-1831 Narrative Resource Bank Teacher's Guide The Civil War and emancipation Resource Bank Contents On November 6, 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States an event that outraged southern states. The Republican party had run on an anti-slavery platform, and many southerners felt that there was no longer a place for them in the Union. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina seceded. By Febrary 1, 1861, six more states Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas had split from the Union. The seceded states created the Confederate States of America and elected Jefferson Davis, a Mississippi Senator, as their provisional president. In his inaugural address, delivered on March 4, 1861, Lincoln proclaimed that it was his duty to maintain the Union. He also declared that he had no intention of ending slavery where it existed, or of repealing the Fugitive Slave Law a position that horrified African Americans and their white allies. Lincoln's statement, however, did not satisfy the Confederacy, and on April 12 they attacked Fort Sumter, a federal stronghold in Charleston, South Carolina. Federal troops returned the fire. The Civil War had begun. Immediately following the attack, four more states Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee severed their ties with the Union. To retain the loyalty of the remaining border states Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri President Lincoln insisted that the war was not about slavery or black rights; it was a war to preserve the Union. His words were not simply aimed at the loyal southern states, however most white northerners were not interested in fighting to free slaves or in giving rights to black people. For this reason, the government turned away African American voluteers who rushed to enlist. Lincoln upheld the laws barring blacks from the army, proving to northern whites that their race privilege would not be threatened.

80. PBS: America Responds For Educators--Afghanistan Today: Civil War And Human Righ Explain to students that the Afghan people have been devastated not only by the Taliban, but by years of civil war and a ten year war with the former Soviet http://www.pbs.org/americaresponds/afghanistantoday.html

Afghanistan Today: Civil War and Human Rights Grade Level: High (9-12) Estimated Time: Three one-hour sessions Lesson Overview: Your students may be hearing a lot in the news about Afghanistan and the Taliban. Help students understand the Taliban's position within Afghanistan, how the Taliban's practices have raised concerns about human rights, and the economic and cultural climate in Afghanistan today. Students may use this knowledge to postulate about what a war would mean for the Afghan people, short- and long-term. Related National Standards from McREL Understands the impact of relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War (e.g., the effects of United States and Soviet competition for influence or dominance upon such countries as Egypt, Iran, the Congo, Vietnam, Chile, and Guatemala) Understands the strategic role of the Muslim countries during the Cold War (e.g., the importance of geography, economy, and population) and the change in the region's role since the breakup of the Soviet Union Understands the role of political ideology, religion, and ethnicity in shaping modern governments

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