81. PetitionPetition.com: PRIMATES- NOT FURRY TEST TUBES, BUT A SPECIES THAT We now know that chimpanzees as well as other primates are tool makers/users. It was once thought that only human primates had this trait. http://www.petitionpetition.com/cgi/petition.cgi?id=5638

82. The Predatory Behavior And Ecology Of Wild Chimpanzees Wrangham, RW and E. van Zinnicq BergmannRiss. 1990. Rates of predation on mammals by Gombe chimpanzees, 1972-1975. primates 31157-170. Related Websites http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~stanford/chimphunt.html

The Predatory Behavior and Ecology of Wild Chimpanzees When Jane Goodall first observed wild chimpanzees hunting and eating meat nearly 40 years ago, skeptics suggested that their behavior was aberrant and that the amount of meat eaten was trivial. Today, we know that chimpanzees everywhere eat mainly fruit, but are also predators in their forest ecosystems. In some sites the quantity of meat eaten by a chimpanzee community may approach one ton annually. Recently revealed aspects of predation by chimpanzees, such as its frequency and the use of meat as a political and reproductive tool, have important implications for research on the origins of human behavior. These findings come at a time when many anthropologists argue for scavenging rather than hunting as a way of life for early human ancestors. Research into the hunting ecology of wild chimpanzees may therefore shed new light on the current debate about the origins of human behavior. In the early 1960's, when Dr. Jane Goodall began her now famous study of the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, it was thought that chimpanzees were strictly vegetarian. In fact, when Goodall first reported this behavior, many people were skeptical and claimed that meat was not a natural part of the chimpanzee diet. Today, hunting by chimpanzees at Gombe has been well documented (Teleki 1973; Goodall 1986), and hunting has also been observed at most other sites in Africa where chimpanzees have been studied, including Mahale Mountains National Park (Uehara

83. Untitled1.html This group includes a number of other types of primates including the Note that chimpanzees are actually closer to humans genetically than to Orangutans and http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/origins/primates/

INTRODUCTION TO PRIMATES KATHRYN WULLSTEIN AND RICHARD EFFLAND MESA COMMUNITY COLLEGE All primates share a suite of physical features that allows them to be classified into the taxonomic order, Primatae. It is hard to imagine that man shares similar features with monkeys, but we do. There are specializations of the limbs, eyes, nose, brain, teeth and social behavior that are found in all primates. The features primates share originally helped them to climb on small, thin branches of trees. Not every primate today lives on the smaller branches of the forest, but the adaptations for that environment has allowed them to be successful in other environments. As you will learn, the degree to which these shared physical features are expressed, varies. Primate Classification Primates are classified into two major groups: Prosimians and Anthropoids. Hominoid Classification We belong to a group known as Hominoids. This group includes a number of other types of primates including the pongids (apes) and hylobatids (gibbons and siamangs) Genetic Relationships This shows the genetic distances between Hominoids. Note that Chimpanzees are actually closer to humans genetically than to Orangutans and the same genetic distance from Gorillas. Orangutans are the most different from humans genetically yet relatively closer to Chimpanzees. Try to think what these relationships may mean.

84. Untitled Document Another type of social grouping among primates is the multimale group Among the Gombe Stream chimpanzees that Jane Goodall has studied is still another form of http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/origins/primates/or

"Social organization" "Social organization" tends to be all-encompassing and a rather vague concept. Social organizations among primates vary primarily on the basis of the following factors: 1. Group Size 2. Group Composition 3. Mating Systems 4. Social Roles - especially for adult females and males 5. Various Types of Dominance 6. Permanence versus Instability of Group Membership 7. Tendency to Aggregate into Larger Social Groups 8. Presence of only Heterosexual Reproductive Units, All-Male Groups or All-Female Groups, or Single Individuals 9. Patterns of Interactions. The best way to examine primate societies may be to divide them into groups based on: (A) large troops, medium-size groups, and small units, or (B) multi-female and multi-male; uni-male and multi-female; uni-male and uni-female, or (C) multiple mating by males and females, polygynous, and monogamous. Several trends can be noted if we look at these possible ways to group primate societies. First, monogamous groups are small, normally containing only one fully adult female and one fully adult male and their offspring. Gibbons fit this model well. Second, a system of multiple matings by both females and males or multi-females are usually the largest of primate societies. Some groups can reach 300 individuals in these cases. Third, polygynous groups contain one adult male and several adult females and off-spring and are moderate in size. Gorilla troops fit this profile. Keep in mind that polygynous groups such as this, also called harems, maximize reproduction by keeping a pool of receptive females available. It is also true that the greatest sexual dimorphism - difference in size between males and females - occur in polygynous societies.

85. CNN - Primates In Peril, Except For One Species - August 28, 1997 Nearly half of the 235 primates, including chimpanzees the human s closest evolutionary relative are threatened with extinction. http://www.cnn.com/EARTH/9708/28/endangered.apes.ap/

Watch Earth Matters on CNN and CNN International. Primates in peril, except for one species August 28, 1997 Web posted at: 7:21 p.m. EDT (2321 GMT) WASHINGTON (AP) Hunting and the steady loss of forests have made primates the most imperiled group of mammals on the planet. Only one species of primates is increasing in numbers: humans. Nearly half of the 235 primates, including chimpanzees the human's closest evolutionary relative are threatened with extinction. Another 20 percent are approaching that status, said a report published Thursday by Worldwatch Institute. "In general, the reasons for the declines are no mystery: they all relate, directly or indirectly, to human actions," said the report entitled "Death in the Family Tree." It spotlighted a number of "hotspots" around the world where forest loss has resulted in high concentrations of endangered primates. These include southeast Asia, equatorial Africa, Madagascar, and southeastern Brazil. "The fate of these forests will largely determine the fate of most primates, and more and more of these forests are losing their ecological integrity as they are logged, colonized and cleared for agriculture," the article said. In south and east Asia, nine-tenths of all primates are facing extinction. In Indonesia and Malaysia, orangutans the ape most dependent on trees have lost 80 percent of their forests in the past two decades.

86. Evolution Of Social Behavior In Primates: Personality Traits Types Identified in Nonhuman primates. The behavior of certain well-known non-human primates can be chimpanzees are primarily NPA types (all three traits). http://primate_behaviour.homestead.com/

Evolution of Social Behavior in Primates: Personality Traits A Genetic Approach to Behavior in Ancestral Hominids eBook now available Revised 2004 Psychological Dimensions Press, New York, 1985 504 pages, 16 figures, 48 plates. Illustrations are from On the Genetic Origins of the Human Character Why is this gorilla smiling? (a) He is happy. (b) He has just witnessed an amusing event, or (c) He has the genetic character trait of narcissism. [answer below] Aggression, Perfectionism and Narcissism As Mendelian Genetic Traits in Primates Summary We identify three traits that are transmitted in humans in a Mendelian fashion: Aggression (A), Perfectionism (P) and Narcissism (N). We believe that the genetic loci corresponding to these traits will soon be identified. Thus, DNA analyses in the near future will allow one to trace personality traits and even personality types in ancestral hominid lineages. In addition, we show that the traits A, P and N can be identified in non-human primates. The evolutionary implications of this theory are evident. NPA Theory of Discrete Character Traits Our interpretation of the three traits in humans is as follows: Aggression (A) Narcissism (N) Perfectionism (P) The trait of perfectionism is not a basic drive of ambition and is not associated with a rage reaction. Rather it is a mediator of the unbridled drives of aggression and/or narcissism. The stereotypic acts associated with the trait of perfectionism are obsessiveness, compulsiveness, repetition, and the maintenance of neatness, order and symmetry. It is concluded that certain autistic and schizophrenic individuals are those in whom the two components of ambition, i.e., aggression and narcissism, have been suppressed by genetic or environmental factors, either congenitally, in childhood, or after maturity, thus revealing in the individual a primitive state of perfectionism.

87. Michio Nakamura's Page Abstract Nakamura, M., McGrew, WC, Marchant, LF, and Nishida, T., 2000 Social scratch another custom in wild chimpanzees? primates, 41(3)237248. http://www.ne.jp/asahi/chimp/nakamura/CV.html

Download IconZoo! (Original icons of primates and other animals) Curriculum Vitae of Michio Nakamura Michio Nakamura is a research fellow at Japan Monkey Centre. He received his Doctor's degree (Science) from Kyoto University (2001). He is carrying out research on the grooming behavior of chimpanzees at Mahale, Tanzania. Please contact a1 = "michio" a2 = ".jp" a3 = "inter7" document.write("") Name, Family name: Nakamura Forenames: Michio Sex: Male Date of birth: 24 July 1971 Place of birth: Japan Marital status: Single Nationality: Japanese Mailing address: Japan Monkey Centre, 26 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-0081, Japan Education Faculty of Science, Kyoto University Awarded the degree of BSc Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Awarded the degree of MSc Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Awarded the degree of DSc Research and Professional Experience Research fellow at Japan Monkey Centre Prize Takashima Prize (Primate Society of Japan) Membership of Academic Societies Primate Society of Japan International Primate Society Japan Association for African Studies The Society for Ecological Anthropology Publications Note: I will send a copy (or a reprint if available) of any publications below on request. Please contact me with e-mail (

88. VEIN Links : Primates primates; check specific species as well for example gorilla, chimpanzees, orangutang. primates anatomy; also check for specific species eg. chimpanzees anatomy. http://vein.library.usyd.edu.au/links/primates.html

About VEIN Research databases Links Library catalogue ... Links Recommended resources for veterinary and animal science Primates Information gateways General resources Species specific resources: gorillas chimpanzees Anatomy Genetics ... Suggest a site This page is maintained with the assistance of Dr Justine O'Brien of the University of Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Information Gateways NetVet - Primates This information gateway contains links to a variety of primate related sites on the web. The site links are listed alphabetically by site title. Monkey Matters: Primata Links This information gateway has been compiled by the International Primate Association. A selection of links on the web that relate to primate behaviour is available. The links have been divided by species. General Resources The University of Sydney Library Catalogue Recommended subject headings on the University of Sydney Library Catalogue are listed below. Please check all related subject headings for comprehensive results. primates check specific species as well for example gorilla chimpanzees orangutang Primate Info Net (PIN) Primate Info Net is for people with an interest in primatology. It is maintained by the Wisconsin Primate Research Center (WPRC) Library at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. This site is regularly updated and includes links to international primatology organizations and primatologists. There is an email-based reference service (Ask Primate) and a collection of links to audio-visual resources.

89. Stop The Bushmeat Trade/End Hunting Of Primates! Petition 4,044, 414 pm PDT, May 18, Robin Mason, US, I am against the hunting of these beautiful primates. chimpanzees are very intelligent and should be left alone to be http://www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/867535375

June 07, 2004 We the undersigned, endorse the following petition: Stop the Bushmeat Trade/End Hunting of Primates! Target: James D. Wolfensohn, Pres., World Bank; Harri Holkeri, Pres. Sponsor: Ellen Holly SIGNATURES GOAL: 3,000 DEADLINE: 6-13-2003 We, the undersigned, call for an end to the illegal hunting of chimpanzees, gorillas and other primates in Africa. The hunting of primates continues to decimate the populations of endangered primates. ..... See full petition below STEP 1. Enter your name: Display in public list as "Anonymous" MOST RECENT 25 of SIGNATURES E-mail this petition to your friends. Number Date Name Country Why I'm signing this 6:00 am PDT, Jun 6 cyndi thompson US because i feel it should stop 12:51 pm PDT, Jun 5 Inga Turner US Hello! You're eating your cousins! This is disgusting! Will you eat your children next? 1:16 pm PDT, Jun 4 vanessa curtis US everyday it seems that as people we get even worse. i simply cannot believe how low some have sunk- digenerates. Vegetarian is the only way to live. 95% of all human diseases are cause by consumption of animals and animal byproducts- it has been proven. At least we know that those with compassion will outlive those without. 9:50 am PDT, Jun 4

90. Girls Gone Wild: Four Women Team Together To Save Chimpanzees And Orangutans In response to the growing need to provide lifetime care for primates used by four women have team together to protect and care for chimpanzees and orangutans. http://www.emediawire.com/printer.php?prid=109488

91. Primates Posters - Animals Prints primates Posters and Animals Prints. Monkey Art Prints Anisetta Monkey Art Print Anisetta Evangelisti posters Baby Orangutan poster chimpanzees framed prints http://www.sweetposters.com/animals/c1161-primates.html

Primates Buy a Quality Primates poster or print Home Animals Primates Primates catalog , get all your Primates posters and prints here. Be sure to also check the other sections in this site especially the home page to see all the categories available. Since your interested in Primates don't forget to check out all the Animals subcategories. This store is brought to you in association with AllPosters.com the internet's largest posters and prints store. Tip: Save on shipping - buy more than one poster. Page Liquore Da Dessert (Anissetta) Art Print 24 in. x 36 in. Snuggles Art Print 25 in. x 36 in. Anisetta Monkey Art Print 25 in. x 34 in. Anisetta Monkey Art Print 18 in. x 24 in. Anisetta Evangelisti Art Print 28 in. x 40 in. Baby Orangutan Art Print 12 in. x 16 in. Chimpanzees Art Print 30 in. x 20 in. Liquore Da Dessert (Anissetta) Art Print 11 in. x 14 in. Monkey Art Print 10 in. x 12 in. Anisetta Poster 23 in. x 35 in. Liquore Da Dessert-Anissetta Art Print 11 in. x 14 in. Orangutan Poster 24 in. x 34 in.

92. East African Research Sites PRESENT, Eleven species of primates live sympatrically in Kibale, including species of nocturnal prosimians, several monkey species, chimpanzees, and baboons. http://www.indiana.edu/~primate/sites.html

East African Research Sites The primates featured in the African Primates at Home UGANDA Kibale Forest Nat'l. Park (Toro District, Western Uganda) LOCATION COORDINATES STATUS Recently upgraded from a Forest Reserve to National Park status ALTITUDE From 1,590m in the north to 1,110m in the south LANGUAGES TYPICAL VEGETATION TYPES Cyperus papyrus Pennisetum purpuresum ). Around Kanyawara Parinari excelsa is typical, while at the lower elevation around Ngogo Pterygota mildbraedii and Chrysophyllum albidum are common. Several species of figs are among the fruit eaten by primates. OTHER SPECIES PRESENT Eleven species of primates live sympatrically in Kibale, including species of nocturnal prosimians, several monkey species, chimpanzees, and baboons. Other wildlife at Kanyawara include hundreds of avian species, forest elephant, duikers, giant forest hog, golden cat, civit, genets, mongoose, squirrels, snakes, and rodents, and, rarely, leopards. FIELD STATION Makerere University Biological Field Station (MUBFS) RWANDA Parc National des Volcans (Northeastern Rwanda) LOCATION COORDINATES STATUS Gorilla g. beringei

93. Cell Repository Widens Sample With Primates Now, Coriell is applying its expertise in the growing, freezing and thawing of human cells to chimpanzees, gorillas, baboons and other nonhuman primates. http://www.southjerseynews.com/issues/july/m072202b.htm

var pageName="Cell repository widens sample with primates - m072202b.htm" prop6 = "news"; Home Classifieds Careers Cars ... Cherry Hill Weather Temp: Hi: Lo: Atlantic City Poconos Archives BrainStorm ... Subscribe Monday, July 22, 2002 Cell repository widens sample with primates BOB RINGHAM/Courier-Post Mutinda Kyama (from left), of Kenya's Institute of Primate Research, is working with biologist Kerri L. Smith. Jeanne C. Beck is a primary investigator in the project. More information: Coriell Institute By LARRY ROSENTHAL Courier-Post Staff CAMDEN The nation's largest repository of human cells is branching out. And to see one of its newest breed of donors, go see Mike at the Philadelphia Zoo. Mike the gorilla. For more than 40 years, the Coriell Institute for Medical Research has been collecting living human cells for use by researchers worldwide. Fifty-five large steel tanks kept at minus 316 degrees Fahrenheit today hold the cells of more than 50,000 people - the majority of them patients who had genetic disorders, from diabetes and cancer to rare illnesses like Lou Gehrig's disease. Now, Coriell is applying its expertise in the growing, freezing and thawing of human cells to chimpanzees, gorillas, baboons and other nonhuman primates.

94. African Primates At Home African primates at home This World Wide Web (WWW) site, maintained by Indiana University, provides information on primates inhabiting several countries of Eastern Africa. From the home page, http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.indiana.edu/~primate/primates.html&a

95. The Jane Goodall Institute Founded by renowned primatologist Jane Goodall, the Jane Goodall Institute is a global nonprofit that empowers people to make a difference for all living things. teenagers will raise their children in a world with no wild chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos, Dr http://www.janegoodall.org/

Founded by renowned primatologist Jane Goodall, JGI is a global nonprofit that empowers people to make a difference for all living things. We are creating healthy ecosystems, promoting sustainable livelihoods and nurturing new generations of committed, active citizens around the world. Free Chimpanzee Screensaver! We’re offering a Jane Goodall’s State of the Great Ape screensaver featuring wonderful images of chimpanzees at Gombe National Park and at JGI’s sanctuaries for orphan chimpanzees. Click here to download screensaver - PC only - 1.1 MB. Don’t miss Jane Goodall’s State of the Great Ape , premiering on Animal Planet Saturday, June 12, 8 pm ET. Read more . Become a Chimpanzee Guardian! These precious animals have sad histories, but with your help we can give them happy futures. As a Chimpanzee Guardian, you will receive:

96. Data Collection Order. Prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans belong to the Order primates. locomotion. So what are the specific characteristics of primates? http://www.chimpanzoo.org/about_chimpanzees.html

Home Program Information Research Education ... Create Research Login Primate Characteristics A primate, which includes the species Homo sapiens (us), is classified as a mammal (Class Mammalia). This means that they have similar shared biological and behavioral characteristics. For example, mammals control their body temperature internally (thermoregulation), unlike a snake that requires contact with sunlight, warm surfaces, or other external means to increase body temperatures. All mammals thermoregulate their bodies to a specific range of temperatures. Using a complex system of heat retention and heat loss, and body coatings such as hair, skin and glands, mammals can live in a wide variety of climates. Mammals are also characterized by efficient breathing systems, a separate chest and abdominal cavity, a four-chambered heart, and a complex nervous system. The classification of mammals can be reduced further to include a smaller group of species that share specific characteristics. This level of taxonomic classification is called an Order. Prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans belong to the Order Primates. Primate species inhabit nearly all ecological niches through biological and behavioral adaptations. Humans, in particular, have an extremely broad geographical range made possible by complex behavior. While most primates are adapted for life in an arboreal environment, only humans are fully adapted for terrestrial, bipedal (walking on two feet) locomotion.

97. Social Behavior : Chimpanzees : Range And Habitat : Apes : Types Of Primates : O chimpanzees à Social behavior. chimpanzees form loosely organized bands of 2 to 80 individuals on fairly large home ranges, where the animals remain for years. http://www.bioproject.info/Subclass_Placental_mammals/Order_primates/Types_of_pr

WASP Website navigation : home PARTICULAR BIOLOGY Superkingdom Eukaryotae Kingdom Animalia ... Chimpanzees Social behavior Chimpanzees form loosely organized bands of 2 to 80 individuals on fairly large home ranges, where the animals remain for years. Within a community, smaller groups may form, break up, and reform; sometimes a female migrates to another community. Males never migrate. Except between mother and young, little permanency exists in individual relationships. Members of a community cooperate in hunting and sharing food. On finding a food source, they hoot, scream, and slap logs to attract others. A constant interplay occurs between adults, and all members of the group groom one another. Chimpanzees communicate through vocalizations, facial expressions, posture, touch, and movement. Studies show that a young chimp is able to make as many as 34 different calls, and the facial musculature can express a wide range of emotions. The animals show great intelligence in problem solving and the use of simple tools, such as a stripped twig used to draw termites from their nests. A number of experiments have shown that chimps can even learn to use sign language or other languages based on pictures or symbols. However, critics maintain that this does not constitute an understanding or use of words. The greatest threats to chimpanzees are the continued loss of habitat to logging and agricultural development, and the hunting of chimps for export to zoos, for scientific research, and food. Conservation efforts that prohibit the hunting and sale of chimpanzees provide some protection; however, these bans are difficult to enforce. Sanctuaries for orphaned and recaptured animals provide the common chimp with additional protection in Zambia and Gambia, as does Salonga National Park for bonobos in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

98. Webshots Gallery - Animals - Chimpanzees - A Pair Of Troublemakers, Chimpanzees ); function SetCookie(NameOfCookie, value, expirehours) { var ExpireDate = new Date (); ExpireDate.setTime(ExpireDate.getTime() + (expirehours * 3600 * 1000 http://www.webshots.com/g/25/524-sh/18363.html

DOWNLOAD WEBSHOTS - FREE VIEW CART HELP Webshots Search 57,350,980 photos Browse Photos Top Rated 3D Art Animals Editor's Picks ... Cheetahs Chimpanzees Cool Creatures Eagles Elephants Families ... Chimpanzees A Pair of Troublemakers, Chimpanzees Related Searches: Chimpanzees Primates More with this photo: Send Photo Message Play Concentration Rate this photo: (higher is better) Webshots Premium Feature Having trouble downloading? More Webshots: Auction Photos Affiliate Program Webshots Mobile Tell a Friend ... Privacy

99. The Info Service The Info Service http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://info-s.com/primate.html&y=0277D4C0D9

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