21. Entrez PubMed Click here to read The chemistry of water on alumina surfaces reaction dynamicsfrom first principles Hass KC, Schneider WF, Curioni A, Andreoni W. KC Hass http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed

22. Question About Fundamental Chemistry Of Water Answered Biowissenschaften Chemie, Arizona State University, 19.02.2004. Questionabout fundamental chemistry of water answered. Water is simple, right? http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/biowissenschaften_chemie/bericht-

Weitere Förderer des Forums Content Partner des Forums Biowissenschaften Chemie Arizona State University Question about fundamental chemistry of water answered Water is simple, right? It is a simple, stable molecule - two hydrogen atoms strongly bonded to an oxygen atom. It is common in the universe, existing at a wide range of temperatures. As a liquid, it has interesting properties that allow it to dissolve many substances. It is basic to life, and it makes up most of your body. However, a vigorous argument about some fundamental physical properties of this ubiquitous substance has been raging for over half a century. Now, a new finding to be published in the February 19 issue of the journal Nature may settle the dispute. The article, by Y-Z Yue of Aalborg University in Denmark, and C.Austen Angell of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Arizona State University, is entitled "Clarifying the glass-transition behavior of water by comparison with hyperquenched inorganic glasses." The authors argue that the currently accepted temperature at which water in the glassy state softens into a liquid ("glass transition"), is incorrect due to mistaking an "experimental artifact" for the glass transition itself. In fact, Yue and Angell argue that the amorphous solid form of water crystallizes before this softening ever happens. Chemists, who form glassy water in the laboratory by splattering micro-droplets on extremely cold surfaces (a process called "hyperquenching"), were long unable to detect a glass transition for glassy water, as the material appeared to change to a crystalline solid before reaching the transition temperature. Finally, in 1987 a weak heat capacity change was thought to have been detected at 136 degrees Kelvin by "annealing" (heating and re-cooling to relax its structure) the water glass before it reached the point where it crystallizes. Since then, this has been generally accepted as the glass transition for water.

23. EMC: Abstracts chemistry of water 1960 color - 14 min - $20.00 - 16mm; Demonstratesthe physical and chemical properties of water relating these properties http://www.css.washington.edu/emc/titles.php?abstracts=1&mid=488

24. PH@School: Addison-Wesley Chemistry: Chapter 21 Internet Activity above chemical equations. Additional Activities You can learn moreabout the chemistry of water treatment at the following sites http://www.phschool.com/atschool/chemistry/AW/Student_Area/AWCHEM_SC21_ACT.html

Precipitation in Water Treatment A precipitate is a solid that separates from solution as the result of a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction that produces a precipitate is called a precipitation reaction. Precipitation reactions occur widely in nature. Many naturally occurring minerals are formed as the result of precipitation reactions. Precipitation reactions are also widely used in industry. Chemical precipitation used in water treatment is a good example. Water contains many impurities, including tiny suspended particles called colloids. Colloids are removed from water by a series of processes called coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. Coagulation occurs when chemicals added to the water form one or more precipitates. Flocculation is the process by which the colloidal impurities adhere to the precipitate. The resulting "floc" is allowed to settle to the bottom by sedimentation before removal. In a typical process, a coagulant such as alum (aluminum sulfate) is added to water undergoing treatment. Often alum alone will react with the water's natural alkalinity due to the presence of calcium hydrogen carbonate, or lime (calcium hydroxide) or soda ash (sodium carbonate) is added to boost the water's alkalinity. The following chemical equations illustrate typical precipitation reactions, which occur in the water treatment process:

25. ASU News & Information From The Office Of Media Relations And Public Information James Hathaway, jim.hathaway@asu.edu (480) 9656375 February 20, 2004. Old questionabout fundamental chemistry of water answered. Water is simple, right? http://www.asu.edu/asunews/research/chemistryofwater_022004.htm

James Hathaway , jim.hathaway@asu.edu February 20, 2004 Old question about fundamental chemistry of water answered Water is simple, right? It is a simple, stable molecule - two hydrogen atoms strongly bonded to an oxygen atom. It is common in the universe, existing at a wide range of temperatures. As a liquid, it has interesting properties that allow it to dissolve many substances. It is basic to life, and it makes up most of your body. However, a vigorous argument about some fundamental physical properties of this ubiquitous substance has been raging for over half a century. Now, a new finding to be published in the February 19 issue of the journal Nature may settle the dispute. The article, by Y-Z Yue of Aalborg University in Denmark, and C.Austen Angell of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Arizona State University, is entitled “Clarifying the glass-transition behavior of water by comparison with hyperquenched inorganic glasses.” The authors argue that the currently accepted temperature at which water in the glassy state softens into a liquid (“glass transition”), is incorrect due to mistaking an “experimental artifact” for the glass transition itself. In fact, Yue and Angell argue that the amorphous solid form of water crystallizes before this softening ever happens. Most of us assume that water's basic properties are well understood, but in many ways, they are not. While we are familiar with water either as a liquid or as a crystalline solid (ice), its most common state in the universe is as a

26. Enerdyne | Science Links | The Chemistry Of Water Link to The chemistry of water. The chemistry of water Link will open in newwindow Cohesion, adhesion, specific heat, boiling temperature, and freezing http://www.enerdynet.com/cgi-bin/product/stuff.cgi?db=stuff&uid=default&ww=on&id

27. SBWater - Water Chemistry Water Chemistry. Water you know your life depends upon it, but how muchdo you really know about it? Water The chemistry of water. Water http://www.sbwater.org/WaterChemistry.htm

Water Chemistry Water - you know your life depends upon it, but how much do you really know about it? Water covers 4/5 of our planet, so it is readily available, yet water is one of the earth's most precious resources. Fresh water is precious not only because we need it to live, but also because only about 3% of all the earth's water is usable. Of the water on earth, only about one percent is available as fresh water for people to use. The majority, 97%, is salt water in the oceans; the rest is locked in the ice caps or groundwater. Water is made from one oxygen atom bound to two hydrogen atoms. The formula for this is H2O. Water is usually found in its liquid state, but is also common in its gaseous state as vapor in the air, or as a solid (frozen). It is the only substance in nature which is commonly found in all three states. As the forms of water change, water moves from the sky to the earth and back to the sky again. This is called the water cycle. For more information on the water cycle, and other water chemistry issues, click on the links below.

28. IONISING RADIATION Back to the previous section. 4. RADIATION chemistry of water. The radiation chemistryof water has been studied since the discovery natural radioactivity. http://www.photobiology.com/educational/len/part4.htm

Back to the previous section 4. RADIATION CHEMISTRY OF WATER The radiation chemistry of water has been studied since the discovery natural radioactivity. Early workers starting with Bequerel observed that radium emanations decompose water into the hydrogen and oxygen. This reaction was explained by dissociation of water molecules into the constituent atoms. Further studies with deaerated water led to the identification of the molecular yield consisting of H and H O which was attributed to the recombination reactions of primary H and OH radicals. The slow decomposition of H O explains the formation of O . The irradiation of inorganic and organic compounds in aqueous solution usually generate more products and higher yields under oxygenated conditions compared to oxygen-free solutions. The enhancing effect of oxygen was attributed by the formation of hydroperoxy radicals HO from reactions of H atoms with molecular oxygen. HO is the acidic form of superoxid e O with p K a = 4.88. This straightforward theory was unchallenged until the early 1960s. Very puzzling questions arose when accurate rate constant measurements with strong gamma-ray sources were inconsistent with the assumption that H atoms are the dominant reducing species in the radiolysis of deaerated water

29. School Of  Chemistry Jonathan won the 2003 SET for Britain Millennium Medal for his researchinto atmospheric chemistry and chemistry of water droplets. http://www.chem.bham.ac.uk/staff/reid.htm

School of Chemistry University Fast Find Site Index Schools / Departments Telephone Directory Email Directory Useful Contacts Frequently Asked Questions Directions / Maps Acronym Directory Vacancies SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY Introduction to the School School home page Welcome to the School Who to Contact Staff Directory ... How to Find Us What's Happening? Postdoctoral Vacancies Postgraduate Vacancies Events/Diary School Notice Board For Students Prospective Undergraduates Prospective Postgraduates Prospective International Students/Erasmus/Socrates Current Undergraduates ... Current Postgraduates Research Introduction Current Research Interests Staff Directory Facilities ... Safety Information For Schools Schools Liaison Spectroscopy for Schools KEY Password protected SEARCH THIS SITE SEARCH WHOLE UNIVERSITY DR JONATHAN REID Lecturer in Physical Chemistry Tel: Email: j.reid@bham.ac.uk Group webpages Research Interests - Reaction Dynamics - Gas and Condensed Phases - Interfacial Heterogeneous Chemistry - Atmospheric Chemistry - Molecular Energy Transfer - Photodissociation - Ultrafast Dynamics and Femtochemistry Jonathan won the 2003 SET for Britain Millennium Medal for his research into atmospheric chemistry and chemistry of water droplets.

30. CHEMISTRY II: WATER AND ORGANIC MOLECULES chemistry II water AND ORGANIC MOLECULES. Table of Contents sometime in the past of running fluid, possibly water. The chemical nature of water is thus one we must examine as http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html

CHEMISTRY II: WATER AND ORGANIC MOLECULES Table of Contents Structure of Water Organic Molecules Learning Objectives Terms ... References Structure of Water Back to Top It can be quite correctly argued that life exists on Earth because of the abundant liquid water. Other planets have water, but they either have it as a gas (Venus) or ice (Mars). Recent studies of mars reveal the presence sometime in the past of running fluid, possibly water. The chemical nature of water is thus one we must examine as it permeates living systems: water is a universal solvent, and can be too much of a good thing for some cells to deal with. Water can exist in all three states of matter on Earth, while only in one state on our two nearest neighboring planets. The above graph is from http://www.crseo.ucsb.edu/IOM2/Triple_Point.html Water is polar covalently bonded within the molecule. This unequal sharing of the electrons results in a slightly positive and a slightly negative side of the molecule. Other molecules, such as Ethane, are nonpolar, having neither a positive nor a negative side. The difference between a polar (water) and nonpolar (ethane) molecule is due to the unequal sharing of electrons within the polar molecule. Nonpolar molecules have electrons equally shared within their covalent bonds.

31. General Chemistry Online: Water To Wine water To Wine The molecular basis of indicator color changes. Archived 1998 feature article on General chemistry Online. Includes Chime structures for the acid and base forms of phenolphthalein, http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/features/water2wine.shtml

Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ ... Tips The molecular basis of indicator color changes Turning water into wine is a classic magician's trick. The magician taps the edge of a glass of water with a wand and quickly pours it into an empty wine glass, and voila! The water is instantly changed into red wine. Pouring the wine into a third container changes it back into water. Professional magicians sometimes use a pitcher or carafe with a hidden compartment to create the illusion. But anyone who has done an acid-base titration in freshman chemistry knows a simpler way to do the trick that is just as convincing- so long as no one insists on tasting the "wine" or the "water". Fill a glass with water. Make the water slightly alkaline by adding a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution. Hide a few drops of phenolphthalein solution in the bottom of a wine glass. Phenolphthalein is an organic compound that is colorless in acidic and neutral solution. It has an intense red color in alkaline solution. Pour the alkaline water into the wine glass to convert the phenolphthalein to its red form. Hide a few drops of a concentrated acid in the bottom of a third glass. When the "wine" is poured into this glass, the acid neutralizes the base, and the phenolphthalein is converted back into its colorless form.

32. Water Q&A: Water Chemistry water Q A chemistry and water. Select a question that interests you Why does my water smell like rotten eggs? Why does it take so long to rinse the soap off my hands? How does our swimming pool stay so clean? Why is our porcelain sink stained brown? http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/qachemical.html

Select a question that interests you: Why does my water smell like rotten eggs? Why does it take so long to rinse the soap off my hands? How does our swimming pool stay so clean? Why is our porcelain sink stained brown? Why are some lakes I see full of algae and thick plants? Why does my drinking water look cloudy sometimes? (1) Q: Why does my water smell like rotten eggs? A: You would know it if you had this problem! In some parts of the country, drinking water can contain the chemical hydrogen sulfide gas, which smells just like rotten eggs. This can occur when water comes into contact with organic matter or with some minerals, such as pyrite. The situation mostly occurs as ground water filters through organic material or rocks. (2) Q: Why does it take so long to rinse the soap off my hands? A: The terms "soft water" and "hard water" are important here. Water is said to be soft if it has a low concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in it, and hard water has a high concentration of calcium and magnesium. If you use soft water, the ions react with the soap you use to produce a residue that feels like it is hard to wash off. If you use hard water, you also will have a harder time working the soap up into a lather. Hard water is prevalent in some parts of the country, and sometimes water-softening chemicals that reduce the amount of calcium and magnesium are added to the water. Find out more about hard water from the www.hardwater.org

33. Articles Articles and tips covering general and beginner issues, aquarium equipment, fish compatibility, maintenance including pests and parasites, saltwater, ponds, water chemistry, fish health, plants and a miscellaneous section. http://www.bestfish.com/articles.html

General and Beginner "Blue Sheets" - Freshwater Fish Selection and Care New Tank Syndrome A Typical Break-In Cycle OLD Tank Syndrome Aquarium Equipment "PRO" Setups - Explanation and instructions. Desktop Aquariums Fish Bowls The Undergravel Filter Controversy Undergravel Filtration Revisited ... Livebearing Fishes Aquarium Maintenance Daily Aquarium Care Overfeeding Fish The Water Change When the Lights Go Out! What to do in a power failure. SNAILS!!! Clean (Mechanical) Filters Regularly Evaporation Cloudy Water ... Netting Fish Saltwater Saltwater Guide 2002 New and Improved! Green Sheets Saltwater Aquarium Guide Treating Saltwater "Ich" Copper: the Sure Cure for Saltwater "Ich" An Unconventional Reef Clownfish and Anemone Compatibility ... Saltwater Fishes to Avoid Garden Pond Pond Quiz - Frequently Asked Questions - and Answers. Battling Pond Scum - Algae prevention and treatment. Barley Straw for Ponds - Natural algae control. SPRING and the Garden Pond The Garden Pond: Summer at Last! Winter Care for the Garden Pond Pond Filters ... Fish for the Garden Pond Water Chemistry Salt in a Fresh water Tank?

34. Breeding Tropical Fish Information on the keeping and breeding of tropical and coldwater freshwater and marine fish including sections on basic icthyology, water chemistry, fish health, species profiles, a message board, and MSN group signup. http://groups.msn.com/Breedingtropicalfish/

var nEditorialCatId = 110; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: document.write(''); Groups Groups Home My Groups Language ... Help Breeding tropical fish Breedingtropicalfish@groups.msn.com What's New Join Now Home Page Our Group ... Tools Welcome to Breeding Tropical Fish Hi, my name is Sam, I created this site for everyone interested in the fascinating hobby Click the fish to join this community Got a question? Post it to the message board. Fishy pics? Create your own photo album. This is a public site, please add any lin ks you think will be of interest Counter provided by bcentral Practical Fishkeeping magazine Notice: Microsoft has no responsibility for the content featured in this group. Click here for more info. Try MSN Internet Software for FREE! MSN Home My MSN ... GetNetWise

35. A-Z: Water Quality Knowledge And Information Tool Information on water resource topics, including biology, chemistry, limnology, and drinking water. http://home.t-online.de/home/hartmut.willmitzer/index-en.htm

NAVIGATION: > home, start, higher level, root directory ->equal level, subdirectory -> red point = actual directory deutsche Version SILVER in 02/Y2K Information, Consultation, Education: Contents Full Text Presentation Introduction Fundamentals ... Autor+Webmaster

36. George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside California The United States Salinity Laboratory, a National Laboratory for basic research on the chemistry, physics, biology, and assessment of saltaffected soil-plant-water systems. (Riverside CA USA) http://www.ussl.ars.usda.gov/

Mission The Second Page Directory Biographical Pages ... Bibliography Database USDA-ARS George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Lab 450 W Big Springs Rd Riverside, CA 92507-4617

37. Industrial Chemistry Services, New Zealand Range of services including water, wastewater treatment, portable plant available within New Zealand. http://www.icsnz.co.nz

ICS Home Industrial Chemistry Services is a well-established provider of chemical, operational and analytical expertise for a wide range of industrial and agricultural applications. We are a privately owned, independent organisation with proven experience in industry - within New Zealand and overseas. We pride ourselves on supplying rapid, reliable solutions for our clients. Our multi-skilled staff and extensive resources enable us to provide high quality service to all our clients. For rapid, accurate advice and solutions Make us your first choice Home Services Profile Enquiries Industrial Chemistry Services Ltd 27 Miranda St, PO Box 345, Stratford, New Zealand Ph: Fax: E-mail: info@icsnz.co.nz Web design optimisation, hosting: WebFocus New Plymouth, Taranaki, NZ In association with: Ya Wanna Website designer Tara Sandbrook.

38. Physics And Chemistry Of The Earth Threepart journal, with Part B covering hydrology and water resources and Part C covering solar, planetary, and atmospheric science. Tables of contents and indices, and on-line articles for subscribers. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/413/description

Home Site map picswapper("picswap", [/authored_framework/ + "images/topbar_1.jpg", /authored_framework/ + "images/topbar_2.jpg", /authored_framework/ + "images/topbar_3.jpg", /authored_framework/ + "images/topbar_4.jpg", /authored_framework/ + "images/topbar_5.jpg", /authored_framework/ + "images/topbar_6.jpg"], 5000) Advanced Product Search Products Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Journal information Product description Editorial board Guide for authors Audience ... Abstracting/indexing Subscription information Bibliographic and ordering information Conditions of sale Dispatch dates Journal related information Most downloaded articles Other journals in same subject area Related publications About Elsevier ... Select your view As of 2002, incorporating Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A, B and C Editors-in-Chief N. Balling, G. Ganssen, H. Plag, H. Savenije, S. Tinti See editorial board for all editors information Volumes / Issues (Tables of Contents, Abstracts, Full Text), including Articles in Press Special Issues Guide for Authors Most downloaded articles Related Links: New Books in Geophysics Click here Encyclopedia of Earth Systems Science (4 Volume Set) Click here Description Physics and Chemistry of the Earth is an international interdisciplinary journal for the rapid publication of collections of refereed communications in separate thematic issues, either stemming from scientific meetings, or, especially compiled for the occasion. There is no restriction on the length of articles published in the journal.

39. General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Matter: Is Distilled Water A Solution? Details. General chemistry Online! Is distilled water a solution? Copyright© 19972004 by Fred Senese Comments questions to senese http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/faq/is-distilled-water-a-sol

Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ Features Glossary Companion Notes Just Ask Antoine! ... Measurement Matter Compounds Chemical change The mole Gases ... Next Question Is distilled water a solution? Rachel Kim Vocabulary autoprotolysis distillation hydronium ion hydroxide ion ... solution Yes, Rachel, this is one of the many dirty little secrets of chemistry: There isn't any such thing as pure liquid water . Distilled water is a very dilute solution of hydroxide and hydronium ions, because (like many other solvents) water reacts with itself: 2 H O( H O (aq) + OH (aq) At room temperature, about 1 in every 10 000 000 water molecules has dissociated by donating a hydrogen atom to another water. Distilled water under these conditions is actually 10 M H O and 10 M OH Hydroxide ion is the caustic component of lye, and hydronium ion makes acid solutions corrosive. However, the concentrations in water are extremely low and not at all dangerous. (For an opposing opinion about the toxicity of water, click here Distilled water also reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide according to H O( ) + CO (g) H CO (aq) H CO (aq) + H O( H O (aq) + HCO (aq) HCO (aq) + H O( H O (aq) + CO (aq) which brings the pH of distilled water in an open-air container down to about 5.8.

40. Science Activities Interactive Learning Resources Includes activities about the earth, space, oceans and water, weather and climate, physics and chemistry, and geography and mapping. Requires Macromedia Flash Shockwave and Apple Quicktime. http://www.eoascientific.com/interactive/

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