1. General Chemistry Online: FAQ: History Of Chemistry: Why Is Atomic Number Called General chemistry Online! frostburg.edu Last Revised 02/28/04.URL http//antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/history/faq/whyis-atomic-number-Z.shtml. http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/history/faq/why-is-atomic-number-Z.

Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ Features Glossary Companion Notes Just Ask Antoine! ... Laboratory History of chemistry Miscellaneous Home FAQ History of chemistry ... Next Question Why is atomic number called "Z"? Why is mass number called "A"? Serena 9/16/99 Vocabulary atomic number atomic weight isotope mass number ... x-ray spectrum "Atomic number" in German is "Atomzahl", so the Z symbol for atomic number probably comes from "Zahl" (number). The Encyclopedia of Symbols has a more poetic interpretation: "The letter Z is one of the signs for the highest god in Greek mythology, Zeus. In modern physics Z represents the greatest energy, nuclear power, in its potential form, nuclear charge." [ M is sometimes used for mass number ("Massenzahl" in German), but A is the symbol recommended in the ACS Style Guide [ ]. The symbol may have been chosen so that the positions of the mass and atomic numbers are less likely to be confused in a nuclide symbol: A Z X References Symbols.com , HME Media, 1999. URL: http://www.symbols.com/index.html The ACS Style Guide : A Manual for Authors and Editors , Janet S. Dodd (Editor), American Chemical Society, 1998. ISBN: 0841234620

2. History Of ..... NM's Creative Impulse. history of .. history of .. ( I started this list for fun just to see how many pages I could find that started this way. A Brief history of chemistry. history of Chess. history of Chewing Gum The history of the YoYo. Z. The history of the Zipper. history of Zoos http://history.evansville.net/hist_of.html

NM's Creative Impulse History of ..... History of ..... ( I started this list for fun...just to see how many pages I could find that started this way. Although many of the pages listed below are wonderful resources, they are not necessarily the best or only site on the subject - they simply fit my search criteria) A B C D ... Z A History of Acupuncture History of Adhesives History of Aerospace Engineering History of Airplanes ... History of the Automobile B A Brief History of Bagels The History of Ballet ... History of Beer another one A Short History of Beer History of the Bible History of the Bicycle another one Pedaling History History of Billiards History of Bingo another one History of Bingo History of Biomedicine A History of Blimps and Airships History of Board Games part of A History Of Traditional Games An Animated History of Books ... History of Bread another site History of Bread The History of Broadcasting, 1920-1960 C History of Cajun and Creole Cooking The History of Candy A Brief ... The History of Cheerleading (USA) in Europe The History of Cheerleading and History of Cheerleading in Britain History of Cheese The History of Cheesecake A ... History of Chewing Gum another one History of Chewing Gum History of Children's Literature The History of Children's Radio and Television History of Chocolate ... The History of Christmas another one The History of Christmas History of Cinco de Mayo The Complete ... History of Crystals D

3. General Chemistry Online: FAQ: History Of Chemistry: Why Is Atomic Number Called General chemistry Online! edu Last Revised 02/28/04.URL http//antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/history/faq/printwhy-is-atomic-number-Z.shtml. http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/history/faq/print-why-is-atomic-num

Why is atomic number called "Z"? Why is mass number called "A"? Serena 9/16/99 Vocabulary atomic number atomic weight isotope mass number ... x-ray spectrum "Atomic number" in German is "Atomzahl", so the Z symbol for atomic number probably comes from "Zahl" (number). The Encyclopedia of Symbols has a more poetic interpretation: "The letter Z is one of the signs for the highest god in Greek mythology, Zeus. In modern physics Z represents the greatest energy, nuclear power, in its potential form, nuclear charge." [ M is sometimes used for mass number ("Massenzahl" in German), but A is the symbol recommended in the ACS Style Guide [ ]. The symbol may have been chosen so that the positions of the mass and atomic numbers are less likely to be confused in a nuclide symbol: A Z X References Symbols.com , HME Media, 1999. URL: http://www.symbols.com/index.html The ACS Style Guide : A Manual for Authors and Editors , Janet S. Dodd (Editor), American Chemical Society, 1998. ISBN: 0841234620 Author: Fred Senese senese@antoine.frostburg.edu General Chemistry Online! Why is atomic number called "Z"? Why is mass number called "A"? Fred Senese senese@antoine.frostburg.edu

4. Chemistry - Links For Chemists - Topics - Biographies ACS Division of the history of chemistry US; Gesellschaft Naturwissenschaftler A Z // Scientists A - Z DE; Periodic Table of UCL chemistry Lecturers 1826 http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/refhistory.html

Links for Chemists Chemistry section of the WWW Virtual Library Virtual Library Science Chemistry : History of Chemistry 100 Distinguished European Chemists @ RSC UK 4,000 Years of Women in Science @ Alabama US Alchemy Virtual Library UK Alchimie FR Archive of Famous Organic Chemists @ Connecticut US Atomic Age Biographies US Atomic Bomb Chronology JP Atomic Structure Timeline US Biographical Database of the British Chemical Community, 1880-1970 @ Open Uni. UK Biographical Essays @ UC San Diego US Biographical Snapshots of Famous Women and Minority Chemists @ J. Chem. Ed. US Biographies de Grands Chimistes FR Biographies Links US (All in Hungarian) HU British Eighteenth Century Chemical Terms US Chemical Achievers @ Chemical Heritage US Chemical Genealogy Database @ Illinois Urbana-Champaign US Chemical Heritage Foundation US Chemical History, Biography @ Indiana US Chemistry Treasures @ The Science Museum UK Chemists that Shaped Science @ Skopje MK Chronology of Chemical Information Science @ South Carolina US Classic Chemistry @ LeMoyne US Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry Discovery of the Electron @ AIP US Early Ideas in the History of Quantum Chemistry History US Eugene Garfield's homepage @ U. Pennsylvania US

5. Chemistry - Links For Chemists - Site History subject. It was decided to open a new section called history of chemistrywe are sure it will snowball now has a little room to grow! http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/history.html

Links for Chemists Chemistry section of the WWW Virtual Library Virtual Library Science Chemistry : Site History CLICK HERE FOR THE LATEST UPDATE! Links for Chemists was "born" in June 1995, early versions were merely upgraded or deleted, however an antiquated, unauthorised copy was located on a server in Germany. We have made it available here to demonstrate how far the index has developed in the last few years. In the first few months of the site, the visitors numbered in the low hundreds, by January of 1999, we had broken through the barrier of 10,000 front page visitors per month February 2000 saw 20,000+ unique visitors and by March 2000, this had reached 23,500 unique visitors in one month, or 34,400 including repeat visits. Some of the major landmarks in the site's development are listed below, or you can click here to jump to the latest additions. October 1996 - Links for Chemists launched an index of UK University chemistry department homepages UK Chemistry Departments A B C D ... E . F . G H . I . J .

6. General Chemistry Online: FAQ: History Of Chemistry A searchable database of frequently asked questions from the history of chemistry section of General chemistry Online. history of chemistry. Miscellaneous. Home FAQ. history of chemistry Frequently asked questions Why is atomic number called "Z"? Why is mass number called "A http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/history/faq.shtml

Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ Features Glossary Companion Notes Just Ask Antoine! ... Laboratory History of chemistry Miscellaneous Home FAQ History of chemistry: Frequently asked questions Architects of the periodic table How did Lavoisier classify elements known in his time? What are some Web sites and paper references on the history of the periodic table? Where I can find information on Julius Lother Meyer? Can you give me some biographical tidbits about Mendeleev? Chemistry's birth as a science Where can I find out more about Antoine Lavoisier's experimental philosophy? Elemental discoveries When did Antoine Lavoisier discover oxygen? Who discovered potassium and sodium? Evolution of atomic theory What year should I cite for the origin of Dalton's atomic theory? Origins of chemical names and symbols Why are the shells named K, L, M, ... instead of A, B, C...? Why is atomic number called "Z"? Why is mass number called "A"? What do the letters s, p, d, and f in the orbital names stand for? Sign up for a free monthly newsletter describing updates

7. History -- Nuclear Chemistry http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch23/history.html

Nuclear Chemistry Discovery of the Particles Growth and Decay Curves The Structure of the Atom Discovery of Particles The discovery of x-rays by William Conrad Roentgen in November of 1895 excited the imagination of a generation of scientists who rushed to study this phenomenon. Within a few months, Henri Becquerel found that both uranium metal and salts of this element gave off a different form of radiation, which could also pass through solids. By 1898, Marie Curie found that compounds of thorium were also "radioactive." After pain-staking effort she eventually isolated two more radioactive elements polonium and radium from ores that contained uranium. In 1899 Ernest Rutherford found that there were at least two different forms of radioactivity when he studied the absorption of radioactivity by thin sheets of metal foil. One, which he called alpha ( ) particles , were absorbed by metal foil that was a few hundredths of a centimeter thick. The other, beta (ß) particles , could pass through 100 times as much metal foil before they became absorbed. Shortly thereafter, a third form of radiation, gamma ( ) rays , was discovered that could penetrate as much as several centimeters of lead.

8. History Of Chemistry http://www.sdsc.edu/Education/Elemnet/rlink/history/z.html

9. History Of Chemistry Index Links to biographies of many honored chemists and some physicists, biographical collections, classic papers in chemistry, and history of science sites. http://w3.nai.net/~bobsalsa/history_of_chemistry.htm

10. Chemistry A-Z Index - Alphabetical Site Map chemistry AZ Index - Aphabetical Site Map New Here? chemistry A-Z. chemistry 101. chemistry FAQs. Science Fair Ideas Convert/Calculate. Databases. history. Homework Help. How Things Work http://chemistry.about.com/blazlist1.htm?terms=map ag

11. Chemistry Experiments - A To Z Home's Cool Homeschooling Simple, easy, chemistry experiments for kids you can do at home, from your Homeschooling Guide. quirky anecdotes about everyday chemistry with engaging tales from the history of science. Apologia Advanced chemistry. AN A TO Z AFFILIATE. Challenging but understandable, your http://www.gomilpitas.com/homeschooling/explore/chemistry.htm

YOU ARE HERE: HOME EXPLORATIONS 4 KIDS Earn your driving certificate from the comfort of your own computer. A to Z Home's Cool Homeschooling Explorations 4 Kids I am Ann Zeise , your guide to the best and most interesting and useful sites and articles about home education on the web. Search This Site The Web Home New Kids Links One Exploration A Day Contact Ann Zeise ... Free Newsletter Site Index: A B C D ... Z Explore Chemistry Bubbles Chemicals Chemistry Books Classes ... Software Physical Sciences Chemistry Color and Lights Electricity Machines 4 Kids ... Robots 4 Kids Explorations 4 Kids Computer Literacy Drivers Ed Fine Arts General Interest ... Social Studies A to Z Home's Cool Home Articles Beginning to Homeschool Community Networking ... Support Group Resources Search Now: Chemistry Books From Amazon.com for elementary and junior high kids Genie in the Bottle 67 All New Digestible Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life by Joe, Dr Schwarcz

12. Chemistry | Z. Smith Reynolds Library, Wake Forest University | Reference Carbon compounds Carbon structure chemistry, Analytic chemistry Early works to1800 chemistry history chemistry, Inorganic, chemistry, Organic chemistry http://www.wfu.edu/Library/referenc/guides/chemistry.htm

Chemistry ZSR Catalog Library Home Reference Home ... Getting Help Finding Books Use the library catalog to find materials in the ZSR Library.  Search by author, title, subject, keyword, or call number. Generally, works related to chemistry can be found in the QD1-999 call number range, which is located on the 1st floor of the Reynolds Wing. Some examples of Subject Headings to use when searching the library catalog: Carbon compounds Carbon structure Chemistry, Analytic Chemistry Early works to 1800 Chemistry History Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical and theoretical Chemistry, Physical organic Chemists Heterocyclic compounds Organic compounds Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Encyclopedias and dictionaries provide an overview of a subject, introduce basic concepts, summarize key issues, define terms, and cite factual information. The articles may also refer to other entries on related topics. The following encyclopedias and dictionaries are located in the Reference Department: CRC handbook of chemistry and physics (2003/2004) At the Reference desk "Features tables and reference sections on everything from the Periodic Table to the bond lengths in organometallic compounds. It also contains all the most frequently used data in science, including the periodic table of the elements, basic constants and units, and geophysical data."

13. HISTORY OF SCIENCE/SCIENCE STUDIES REFERENCE SOURCES A bibliography of reference sources for history of science and science studies Volume 2, DL. Volume 3, M-Z. Edited by Bridget Travers and Fran Locher Freiman A guide to archives and manuscript collections in the history of chemistry and chemical technology http://gort.ucsd.edu/ds/initial.html

The author of this guide is Doug Stewart. Note: UCSD users of this guide can check ROGER for local holdings. This site has moved. You will be redirected in 3 seconds. If not, please go to http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/hist-of-science/ New additions / updated January 13, 2002. PART ONE BIBLIOGRAPHIC GUIDES AND HANDBOOKS SPECIALIZED INDEXES FOR HISTORY OF SCIENCE DICTIONARIES, ENCYCLOPEDIAS,AND CHRONOLOGIES BIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES ... LIBRARY, ARCHIVAL AND MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS PART TWO BIBLIOGRAPHIES Brush, Stephen G. The history of modern science: a guide to the second scientific revolution, 1800-1950 Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1988. Companion to the history of modern science . Edited by R.C. Olby. London: Routledge, 1990. Corsi, Pietro. Information sources in the history of science and medicine . Boston: Butterworth Scientific, 1983. Durbin, Paul. A guide to the culture of science, technology, and medicine . New York: Free Press, 1980. Hessenbruch, Arne, editor. Reader's guide to the history of science. London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000.

14. Chemistry Classes - A To Z Home's Cool Homeschooling DVDs for Young Chemists AN A TO Z AFFILIATE Rent a DVD to help visually explainatomic structure, matter, compounds and mixtures A history of chemistry. http://homeschooling.gomilpitas.com/explore/chemistryclass.htm

YOU ARE HERE: HOME EXPLORATIONS 4 KIDS CHEMIISTRY EXPERIMENTS Drivers Ed Online - Self-paced - Low Cost - Refer A Friend Discount A to Z Home's Cool Homeschooling Explorations 4 Kids I am Ann Zeise , your guide to the best and most interesting and useful sites and articles about home education on the web. Search This Site The Web Home New Kids Links One Exploration A Day Contact Ann Zeise ... Free Newsletter Site Index: A B C D ... Z Explore Chemistry Bubbles Chemicals Classes DVDs ... Software Physical Sciences Chemistry Color and Lights Electricity Machines 4 Kids ... Robots 4 Kids Science Curriculum Chemistry Books Chemistry Classes Lab Equipment Science Bookstore ... Science Museums Explorations 4 Kids Computer Literacy Drivers Ed Fine Arts General Interest ... Social Studies A to Z Home's Cool Home Articles Beginning to Homeschool Community Networking ... Support Group Resources Chemistry Classes Free high school (and elementary) chemistry lessons, lesson plans and games to help you master chemistry.

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YOU ARE HERE: HOME EXPLORATIONS 4 KIDS Earn your driving certificate from the comfort of your own computer. A to Z Home's Cool Homeschooling Explorations 4 Kids I am Ann Zeise , your guide to the best and most interesting and useful sites and articles about home education on the web. Search This Site The Web Home New Kids Links One Exploration A Day Contact Ann Zeise ... Free Newsletter Site Index: A B C D ... Z Explore Chemistry Bubbles Chemicals Chemistry Books Classes ... Software Physical Sciences Chemistry Color and Lights Electricity Machines 4 Kids ... Robots 4 Kids Explorations 4 Kids Computer Literacy Drivers Ed Fine Arts General Interest ... Social Studies A to Z Home's Cool Home Articles Beginning to Homeschool Community Networking ... Support Group Resources Search Now: Chemistry Books From Amazon.com for elementary and junior high kids Genie in the Bottle 67 All New Digestible Commentaries on the Fascinating Chemistry of Everyday Life by Joe, Dr Schwarcz

16. Biography-center - Letter Z history.mcs.stand.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zhukovsky Ziegler, Karl www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1963/ziegler www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/z/zoffany/biograph http://www.biography-center.com/z.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish Z 72 biographies Zada, al-Rumi Qadi www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Qadi_Zada.html Zakharchenko, M V- www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Vashchenko.html Zanardi, Alessandro www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-zanale.html Zanotti, Giampietro www.getty.edu/art/collections/bio/a3532-1.html Zapata, flag.blackened.net/revolt/ws/zapata41.html Zapatero, Jose Luis Rodriguez www.spainview.com/biog21.html Zarankiewicz, Kazimierz www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zarankiewicz.html Zaremba, Stanislaw www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zaremba.html Zariski, Oscar www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zariski.html Zassenhaus, Hans www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zassenhaus.html Zatopek, Emil

17. ChemLin - Virtual Chemistry Library history of Science TBT * Technical chemistry * - Techniques (and methods) -Textile chemistry * - Theoretical chemistry - Thesis, doctoral Y. Z. - Zeolites. http://www.chemlin.de/index_en.htm

Chemistry index Chemistry A to Z Chemistry sections Institutions ... ChemLin inside © 2004 Digitalverlag GmbH Chemistry index ... of the German Virtual Chemistry and Biochemistry Library named "ChemLin". A whole english version of ChemLin is coming soon ( * = German language only ). Use our supplier forum to search for commercial sites (chemical and chemical-related companies, products, services). A B Aerogels Agr icultural chemistry ... Archaeological chemistry - Associations Germany, Austria, Switzerland worldwide Astrochemistry Atomic Force Microscopy ... Atomic Physics - Authorities Austria EU (European Union) Germany international ... Biographies (of scientists) Biotechnology - Books, search C D Carbohydrates Carbon Dating Chemical engineering Chemicals ... Chemists (biographies) Chemometrics Chlorine, Chlorine Chemistry Chromatography Clinical Chemistry ... Companies , chemical an related Complexes Constants Corrosion Cosmochemistry ... Dyes E F Economy Electrochemistry Elements Encyclopedias ... Funny Chemistry G H Gas Chromatography commercial Gases General Chemistry ... Hydrogen I J Infrared Spectroscopy Inorganic Chemistry - Institutes in Germany, Austria, Switzerland

18. Huckel (or Hückel), Erich - Concerning Early Ideas In The History Of Quantum Ch Translate this page Z. 26, 93 (25). (Habilitationsschrift). http//www.quantum-chemistry-history.com Copyright© May 9, 2002 by U. Anders, Ph.D. e-mail Udo Anders udo39@t-online http://www.quantum-chemistry-history.com/Huec_Dat/Hueck1.htm

preliminary - sorry, untranslated - and will still be modified in some points. (in Engl. often spelled Huckel or Hueckel) was born in 1896 in Berlin and died in Marburg Debye a theory of strong electrolytes which became known as the Debye-Huckel theory. He then worked for a while on capillary effects and wrote a book about it. Later on he introduced a theory of the C=C bond based on quantum mechanics which was to become the famous Huckel theory. He left this field of interest after a short while and published thereafter only occasionally on various other topics of physics. by U. Anders, 1992 "... von den Zweifeln zahlreicher Fachgenossen begleitet ..." Methoden der mathematischen Physik , Weyls Gruppentheorie und Diracs Principles of Quantum Mechanics Die physikalischen Prinzipien der Quantentheorie. "Er riet mir, die Quantentheorie auf chemische Probleme anzuwenden. Ich war also auf dem richtigen Wege" (67; 126)

19. Andre Julg - Interview Concerning : Early Ideas In The History Of Quantum Chemis Jab (9). One obtained in this way a reduction factor lambda_ab=J_ab(Z )/J_ab(Z),depending on the http//www.quantumchemistry-history.com Copyright © Oct. http://www.quantum-chemistry-history.com/Julg_ae.htm

Born in 1926. Studied at the École Normal Supérieur in Paris where he got his doctoral degree in 1955. After 2 years of prolonged stay at Paris he became Professor of Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Marseille from 1957-1986. Julg died in Marseille in 2003. The Little Story of the Improved-L.C.A.O. Method. (in English) Author: A. JULG Université de Marseille After having finished my studies at the E.N.S. (Ecole Normale Supérieure) and at the Faculté des Sciences de Paris, I contacted in October 1952 the small Theoretical Chemistry group formed by Mr. and Mrs. Pullman and G. Berthier in order to prepare a thesis. In that period the non-benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons were under study in that laboratory. As for most parts of work being performed in Theoretical Chemistry, the method in use was the one of Hückel . The introduction, on the one part, of the configuration interaction (CI) and, on the other, of the SCF Roothaan method incited the Pullmans to leave the simple Hückel area in order to see what these new techniques could bring to our research work. Berthier was charged to study fulvene, reduced to its 6 pi-electrons, by the SCF. method while I myself was directed to apply CI on the same molecule, starting from the Hückel functions, the only ones which were available at that time. The work of Berthier

20. Chemistry History Search for, in this topic site Sites A to Z. chemistry history. A LookInside the Atom Growth of the atomic theory. http://dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C10/C10Links/chemistry.about.com/msub13.htm

Enter Sweepstakes! Advertise on this site Get Bargains You are here: About Science Chemistry One of Over 700 Sites with Guide Alan Bruzel, Ph.D. Bio Contact Subjects Acids Bases pH Analytical Chem Ask an Expert Astrochemistry ... All articles on this topic Bookstore Find books related to this topic Click Here Videostore Find videos related to this topic Click Here ShoppingAbout Your favorite products, right here Click Here Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Do you like our sites? Wish to share them with others - and earn money? Become an Affiliate More Sites On This Topic Apply to become a partner for this site. Search for in this topic site the About network Sites A to Z Chemistry History A Look Inside the Atom Growth of the atomic theory. From the American Institute of Physics. Archive of Famous Organic Chemists Dates of birth, death, and their thesis advisors. From Michael Smith, University of Connecticut. Atomic Structure Timeline Follow in the footsteps of the atomic structure pioneers. Beckman, Arnold Biography of designer of the pH meter. Founder-chairman emeritus of Beckman Instruments Inc. Biographical Essays of Chemists From the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation.

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