81. Lecture 5: Periodic Trends Of Atomic Parameters Element. Li. Be. B. C. N. O. F. 2p. 2.42. 3.14. 3.83. 4.45. 5.10. 5.76. In the sameatom, each electron with different n and l values can have a different Z eff because http://www.chemistry.uvic.ca/chem222/Notes/lect5v1.htm

Periodic Trends of Atomic Parameters Atomic properties such as effective nuclear charge, atomic radii, ionization energies, electron affinity and electronegativity are important in accounting for the chemical properties of an element. In atoms with more than one electrons, the effect of electron-electron repulsion depends on where the various electrons are located in the atom. electrons in the outer shell (higher n ) are pushed away by electrons in the inner shell (lower n ). As a result, the net nuclear charge (or effective nuclear charge, Z eff ) felt by an outer electron is substantially lower than the actual nuclear charge (Z). We say that the outer electrons are shielded from the full charge of the nucleus by the inner electrons. Electrons in the same shell (same n ) have an intermediate effect in shielding the nuclear charge. Electrons in the outer shell (higher n ) do not shield the nuclear charge from the inner electrons (lower n Figure 1. In 1930, Slater formulated a set of rules for the effective nuclear charge felt by electrons in different atomic orbitals based on experimental data. The effective nuclear charge Z

82. WSU Chemistry Faculty: Sue Clark are developing a fundamental understanding of felement environmental chemistry,which is Friese, B. Ritherdon, SB Clark, Z. Zhang, L. Rao, and D http://www.chem.wsu.edu/faculty/clark.html

Washington State University Home CHEMISTRY HOME OVERVIEW UNDERGRADUATE ... SITE DIRECTORY Sue Clark: Professo r, Chemistry The research focus in our laboratory is on the environmental chemistry of the f-elements, the lanthanides and actinides. We are interested in their speciation in natural systems, and the processes that control their cycling in the environment. We use radiochemical and spectroscopic methods to determine speciation at equilibrium as well as changes in speciation as a function of time. By studying both the thermodynamics and kinetics of various systems, we can elucidate important environmental mechanisms - an essential tool for predicting the impact of environmental change on metal speciation. This work is providing new insights into the natural geochemical processes that control the fate and transport of these elements. Recent Publications: J. I. Friese, B. Ritherdon, S. B. Clark, Z. Zhang, L. Rao, and D. Rai (accepted), "Chromatographic Separation and Characterization of Hydrolyzed Cr(III) Species in Acidic to Near-Neutral Solutions", Analytical Chemistry.

83. Search Minerals By Chemistry The web's most comprehensive and regularly updated mineralogy database with information on minerals from around the world and thousands of photos http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php

Main Menu Log In Message Board Event List ... Statistics Search by Elements Click on an element to select or deselect. Return IMA-approved species only Click on an element to select it (matches MUST INCLUDE this element). Click again to mark it as excluded (matches MUST NOT INCLUDE it) Noble gasses and elements not stable in nature are excluded. Hit one of the Search buttons when done. For more information about the periodic table, click here to visit the excelllent webelements.com site Minerals: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z or find: Localities: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z or find: Photos: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Site Map Further information contact the Mysterious Ways More websites

84. Crystal Chemistry Nuclear chemistry of protons and neutrons written as superscript in front of elementsymbol. to energy levels - energy depends on quantum number (n, l, ml, ms http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/jmartin/mineralogy/Fall03/Lectures_notes/Chemistry

Crystal Chemistry • Mineral  defined, but generally not fixed, composition - a review of basic chemistry • Chemical elements: - protons, neutrons (nucleus), electrons Nuclear chemistry: - atomic number (Z) = number of protons - specific for particularly elements (periodic table) - neutrons protons weight, differences in numbers create isotopes - Atomic weight = sum of protons and neutrons - written as superscript in front of element symbol Example: Potassium (Z = 19) - 40K has 21 neutrons - 39K has 20 neutrons Electrons • uncharged atoms, number of electrons = number of protons • orbit nucleus in systematic way - organized according to energy levels - energy depends on quantum number (n, l, ml, ms) - quantum number unique for each element • n = higher energy (similar to shells K, L, M ) • l refers to shape of region where electron likely to be found (similar to subshell s, p, d, f) • ml and ms have to do with orbitals within subshells and spin of electrons -important of magnetic properties • Specific energy corresponds to electron quantum number • Energy of different subshells overlap • Electrons fill subshells systematically in order of energy level • Configuration of electrons: - core: all orbital position of any individual shell filled with electrons - valence: electrons in shells that are not completely filled Formation of Ions Ions excess of deficiency of electrons relative to protons Anions – net negative charge Cations – net positive charge Valence or Oxidation state is the value of the charge on an ion.

85. Chemistry I Student Projects chemistry I StudentCreated Projects. Element Projects - 2002-03. by Julia F. (PowerPoint);Platinum, by Sam G. (PowerPoint); Platinum, by Angela L. (PowerPoint); http://www.mccsc.edu/~nrapp/elementquest/students/

Bloomington High School South Chemistry I Student-Created Projects Element Projects - 2002-03 Aluminum, by Kate M. ( PowerPoint) Aluminum, by Alli F. ( PowerPoint) Aluminum, by Jessica B. ( PowerPoint Antimony, by Robert Z. ( PowerPoint) Arsenic, by Carrie G. ( PowerPoint) Beryllium, by Andrew Z. ( PowerPoint Calcium, by Maggie K. ( PowerPoint Carbon, by Kirstin Smith ( PowerPoint) Carbon, by Robert M. ( PowerPoint) Carbon, by Kourtney P. ( PowerPoint Carbon, by Michael M. ( PowerPoint) Cesium, by Vikram P. ( PowerPoint) Chlorine, by Ryan H. ( PowerPoint Chlorine, by Tera Q. ( PowerPoint Chlorine, by Elizabeth W. ( PowerPoint Chlorine, by Erica H. ( PowerPoint Chromium, by Tyler G. ( PowerPoint Copper, by Heather G. ( PowerPoint Cobalt, by Holly C. ( PowerPoint) Cobalt, by David H. ( Web Page) Gold, by Sean C. ( PowerPoint Gold, by Andrew F. ( PowerPoint Helium, by Megan G. ( PowerPoint) Helium, by Erica B. ( PowerPoint Hydrogen, by Melisa W. ( PowerPoint) Hydrogen, by Nick ( PowerPoint) Hydrogen, by Drew T. ( PowerPoint) Iodine, by Danielle Z. ( PowerPoint) Iron, by Kristynn G. (

86. Computational & TheoChemistry CD: Part [M => Z] Computational Theochemistry CD Part M = Z. as they practice identifying elementsand compounds instructional purposes for introductory chemistry students. http://www.webspawner.com/users/qnetcdend/

FOR MS-DOS AND WINDOWS To purchase, please, visit QUANTUM Shopping Mall MAPLEI~1: Maple 4 is an advanced mathematical program that is able to solve and graph complex mathematical equations. MASSSP~1: Mass Spec Fragmentation Tool calculates low resolution mass spectra for substances whose chemical formula is typed in. MATHCA~1: This directory contains a collection of files intended for teachers and students of college physical chemistry. The MathCAD documents can be found in this directory: Quantum Theory and Spectroscopy of Atoms, Chemical Equilibrium, Chemical Kinetics, Crystallography: Solid State, Quantum Theory and Spectroscopy of Diatomic Molecules, Electrochemistry, First Law of Thermodynamics, Gas Laws, Kinetic Theory, Phase Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Quantum Theory and Spectroscopy of Polyatomic Molecules, Elementary Quantum Chemistry, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Solution Thermodynamics, Statistical Mechanics and Statistical Thermodynamics, Third Law of Thermodynamics, Transport Properties and Phenomena. MATRIX~1: MatrixCalc is a Windows95 interface to Matrix Algebra

87. Laboratory Of Structural Chemistry Of Nucleic Acids Molecular Dynamics studies, Computers chemistry, 24, 451 in the Isoiron-responsiveElement/Iso-iron Adamiak, J. Matulic-Adamic, L. Beigelman, Photophysical http://www.ibch.poznan.pl/adamiak/selpub.html

Back to the Adamiak Lab Solution structure of RNA duplexes containing alternating CG base pairs: NMR study of r(CGCGCG) and 2'-O-Me(CGCGCG) under low salt conditions Nucleic Acids Res. [pdf] D. A. Adamiak, J. Milecki, M. Popenda, R. W. Adamiak, Z. Dauter and W. R. Rypniewski, Crystal structure of 2'-O-Me(CGCGCG) Nucleic Acids Res. [pdf] FTIR Study on Nucleotide Analogues. 1. Spectral characterisation of dinucleoside methylphosphonates and dinucleoside 5'-methylenephosphonates in solution and in solid phase J. Biomol. Struct. Dynam. Conformational analysis of galanin using end to end distance distribution observed by Forster resonance energy transfer Eur. Biophys. J. Mg Dependence of the Structure and Thermodynamics of Wheat Germ and Lupin Seeds 5S rRNA J. Biomol. Struct. Dynam. A. Burdzy, B. Skalski, S. Paszyc, Z. Gdaniec and R. W. Adamiak, Photosensitized Preparation of Fluorescent Luminarosine and Analogues A. Burdzy, B. Skalski, S. Paszyc, M. Popenda, R. W. Adamiak, Acid promoted transformations of fluorescent luminarosine and its 2'-modified analogs Acta Biochim. Pol.

88. Division Of Nuclear Chemistry H. Li, P. Liu, W. Lukens, H. Nitsche, L. Rao, DK On the synthesis of the heaviestelements. and Risk Assessment Cosponsored with Division of chemistry The http://www.cofc.edu/~nuclear/99NewOrleansProgram218.htm

L. R. Morss, Program Chairperson SOCIAL EVENTS: Joint Poster Session with Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Division (Analytical in next room) Marriott Bissonett note change from original schedule Refreshments will be available ... one free drink to members or affiliates or to those who join the Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Techmology on the spot! SUNDAY MORNING Section A First Accomplishments of U.S. DOE Environmental Management Science Program Tutorial lectures on US DOE complex-wide issues P. G. Eller, Organizer, Presiding W. R. Heineman, Organizer, Presiding Introductory Remarks Complex-wide DOE subsurface remediation problem set. H. T. Hicks Scientific issues for the DOE weapons complex cleanup: high level waste and spent nuclear fuel. T. Fryberger Section B Origin of Elements in the Solar System: Implications of Post-1957 Observations An overview Cosponsored with Division of Geochemistry O. K. Manuel, Organizer, Presiding

89. Washington University Department Of Chemistry: Lee G. Sobotka Radiochemistry 259 Department of chemistry Washington University in St relevant statedensities along this element building process XD Liu, WG Lynch, L. Morris, R http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/faculty/sobotka.html

Home Directory Search Contact ... Faculty Lee G. Sobotka Main Menu J. J. H. Ackerman V. B. Birman J. R. Bleeke ... M. S. Wrighton Professor Radiochemistry 259 Department of Chemistry Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO 63130 Phone: 314 935 5360 lgs@wuchem.wustl.edu Research Group Selected Publications Ph.D. 1982, University of California Berkeley Research Our interests in basic nuclear science span from the structure of nuclei far off stability to the mechanisms by which heavy nuclei react and highly excited nuclei decay. Topics under current investigation include: The influence of phase transitions in finite, two component quantal systems on the dynamics of collisions between heavy nuclei. Developing techniques to measure the density-of-states for nuclei along the rapid n-capture nucleosynthesis path. Clustering in low density nuclear systems. The evaporation of complex clusters of nucleons and the influence of final state interactions on the decay of these clusters. Notably, this includes the influence of the "Coulomb tidal" field on the sequential decay of highly charged clusters. Measurements of the sense of the rotation (right or left handed) of the final-state fragments using double scattering experiments sensitive to the spin-orbit interaction.

90. Wei-Jun Cai Profile Environmental Electrochemistry Analyses of Trace Element Biogeochemistry” ACS forstudying the carbonate chemistry of pore Liu, L., Z. Zhang, WJ Cai, G. Pan http://alpha.marsci.uga.edu/Department_page/Profiles/wjcai.htm

Wei-Jun Cai, Associate Professor Mailing Address: Wei-Jun Cai Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-3636 Office Phone: Lab Phone: FAX Number: E-Mail: wcai@uga.edu Home Page: http://www.uga.edu/~wcai/ Education: Ph.D. 1992, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego; Oceanography M.S. 1985, Shandong College of Oceanography, Qingdao, China; Physical Chemistry B.S. 1982, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China;.Marine Chemistry Research Emphasis: Development of microelectrodes (pH, p CO , O etc.) for carbon-cycling studies. Organic carbon degradation and CaCO dissolution in marine and lake sediments. CO and O exchange across the air-water interface. Acid-base and redox chemistry in natural environments Selected Publications: Cai, W.-J. , Z.Wang and Y. Wang. 2003. The role of marsh-dominated heterotrophic continental margins in transport of CO between the atmosphere, the land-sea interface and the ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30,xxxx, paper# 2003GL017633 (in press).

91. Chemistry 115 Exam 3 Summer 1996 chemistry 115 Exam III. affinity of nitrogen is approximately zero, while the elementson either is 89.8 kJ/mol, the enthalpy of vaporization of Br(l) is 111.88 http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/chem115/tests/exam3sum96.html

Chemistry 115 Exam III Summer 1996 Directions This exam consists of 10 pages, including this cover page and a periodic table. Make sure that you have one copy of each page. There are 16 multiple-choice questions on this exam worth 6 points each. There is one best answer to each question. Chose the best answer to each question and enter it on the exam. There are 6 fill-in-the-blank questions worth 10 points each. Partial credit will be given for these questions if you show your work . (N.B.: The TAs won't turn over the exam pages, to look for information written on the back, unless you tell them to!) Potentially Useless Information Avogadro's number = 6.022045 x 10 = h/(mv) electron mass = 9.10953 x 10 kg c = neutron mass = 1.67252 x 10 kg E = h proton mass = 1.67495 x 10 kg c = 3.00 X 10 m/s E hv = B.E.+K.E h = 6.623 X 10 Js E = R H [(l/n i (l/n f R H = -2.18 X 10 J Multiple-Choice Questions: 1. Which set contains the types of radiation listed in the proper order with respect to wavelength? (e) None of the above. 2. What is the wavelength of a photon emitted during an electronic transition from the n = 3 to n =2 state in the hydrogen atom. (b) 6.2 x 10

92. BASIC CONCEPTS AND LAWS OF CHEMISTRY Basic concepts and laws of chemistry. b) In the time of synthesis of ammonia fromelements At dissolution of 24 g (1 gmol) magnesium in HCl –– 22.4 l (1 g http://www.informika.ru/text/database/chemy/Enu/Data/Ch1_1.html

Basic concepts and laws of chemistry LAW OF MASS CONVERSATION (M.V. Lomonosov, 1748, A. Lavoisier 1789) The mass of the substances entering into a reaction equal the mass of the substances formed as a result of the reaction. Atomic-molecular concept explains this law by following manner: as a result of chemical reactions atoms do not appear and do not disappear, but occurs their rearrangement (i.e. chemical conversion-process of bond breakup between atoms with another bond formation, as a result of such conversation the molecules of source substances transform into the molecules of products of reaction). As far as a number of atoms before and after reaction stays unchangeable their general mass also must not change. At term «mass» has understood a value-characterizing amount of matter. At the beginning of 20 century a formulation of mass conversation law was revising in connection with the appearance of relativity theory (A. Einstein, 1905), according to which the mass of substance depends on its velocities, and consequently characterizes not only matter amount, as well as its motion. An Energy D E , obtained by substance, is connected with increasing its mass D m by the correlation D E = D m c , where c is a light velocity. This correlation is not used in chemical reactions, since 1kJ of energy is corresponding ~ 10

93. Online Chemistry Glossary: L different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other elementare in liter(L) a unit of volume equal to 1 dm 3 , 1000 cm 3 , or 1000mL http://red.western.k12.in.us/pub/whs/dhole/glossary/l.html

Mr. Hole's Web Main Page Home A B ... Z lanthanide an element whose highest energy electron is in the 4 f sublevel latent heat of phase change see heat of fusion heat of vaporization law of conservation of energy energy is neither created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical or physical process; energy is conserved in all changes except nuclear reactions. law of conservation of mass mass can be neither created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical or physical process; the mass of products is equal to the mass of reactants ; mass is concerved in all changes except nuclear reactions. law of conservation of mass and energy the total amount of mass and energy in the universe is constant. law of definite proportions in any chemical compound , the elements are always combined in the same proportion by mass law of disorder it is a natural tendency of systems to move in the direction of maximum chaos or disorder. law of multiple proportions whenever two elements form more than one compound , the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.

94. Chemistry: What Is RSS? z.about.com/6/js/b.txt?s=chemistry /script script links to displaydefault 10if(c l c)l=c; //make http//about.com ) h=( img src= http//z.about.com/d http://chemistry.about.com/b/s.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Chemistry Home ... Chemistry Glossary zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); General Chemistry Branches of Chemistry Demos / Experiments Homework Help ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Chemistry newsletter. Search Chemistry RSS What is RSS? Rich Site Summary (or Really Simple Syndication) is an XML-based format for content distribution. Below, About.com is offering an RSS and JavaScript feed with headlines, descriptions and links back to this GuideSite for the full story. This allows you to easily feature or check out the latest headlines from About. There are two main ways to take advantage of these feeds. First , you can use them to feature the latest headlines from About on your Web site. All you have to do is paste a short snippet of JavaScript into the code of your page. Here's how: A) Simple Version: 1. Cut and paste the following lines of JavaScript into your html page. ShowHeadlines(3) B) Advanced Version: For people who want to write their own display html using JavaScript 1. Cut and paste the following block of JavaScript into your html page.

95. INCT Home Page k, J. Leciejewicz 100 CRYSTAL chemistry OF COORDINATION 133 DETERMINATION OF TRACEELEMENTS CONCENTRATIONS IN BEAMS B. Sartowska, J. Piekoszewski, L. Waliœ, M http://www.ichtj.waw.pl/ichtj/publ/annual.htm

PDF document Contents (pp 1-8) General information (pp 9-16) Chapter 1 (pp 17-63) Radiation chemistry and physics, radiation technologies Chapter 2 (pp 65-102) Radiochemistry, stable isotopes, nuclear analytical methods, general chemistry Chapter 3 (pp 103-117) Radiobiology Chapter 4 (pp 119-148) Nuclear technologies and methods Chapter 5 (pp 149-170) Publications / Nukleonika / Patents Chapter 6 (pp 171-181) Conferences Chapter 7 (pp 182-184) PhD theses / Education Chapter 8 (pp 185-186) Research projects and contracts Chapter 9 (pp 187-193) Visitors / Seminars / Awards Chapter 10 (pp 194-203) Instrumental laboratories and technological pilot plants Index (pp 204-206) Index of the authors CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT OF THE INSTITUTE MANAGING STAFF OF THE INSTITUTE HEADS OF THE INCT DEPARTMENTS SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL (1999-2003) SCIENTIFIC STAFF PROFESSORS ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS SENIOR SCIENTISTS (Ph.D.) RADIATION CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, RADIATION TECHNOLOGIES MULTIFREQUENCY EPR STUDY OF SOME NATURAL DOSIMETRIC MATERIALS G. Strzelczak, J. Sad³o, W. Stachowicz, M. Danilczuk, J. Michalik, F. Callens, E. Goovaerts

96. List Of Chemistry Topics I 10 J 11 K 12 L 13 M Electronegativity — Electrophile — Element — Elementssong — Elias Entropy — environmental chemistry — Enzyme — Epidiorite http://www.guajara.com/wiki/en/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_chemistry_topics.html

Guajara in other languages: Spanish Deutsch French Italian List of chemistry topics This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that are related to chemistry . This is so that those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on Related Changes in the sidebar and on the bottom of the page. This list is not necessarily complete or up to date - if you see an article that should be here but isn't (or one that shouldn't be here but is), please update the page accordingly. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D ... 26 Z A Acetaldehyde Acetaminophen Acetic acid Acetone ... Azurite B Baddeleyite Barite Barium barometer ... Bytownite C cadmium Calamine Calcite Calcium ... Cytosine D d block d-block Darmstadtium decay energy ... Dysprosium E Eduard Buchner Edwin Mattison McMillan Einsteinium Electrical conductivity ... explosive F f block f-orbital Fahrenheit Fat ... fur G Gabbro Gadolinite Gadolinium Galena ... Gypsum H H. M. Rouell Hafnium half-life Halite ... hydroxyl I ice Ilmenite Ilya Prigogine Indium ... IUPAC J J. H. van't Hoff Jade James Dewar Jaroslav Heyrovsky ... Justus von Liebig K K. Barry Sharpless

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