101. Crystal Chemistry Crystal chemistry. in common an outermost shell containing 1 electron in the s orbital,these elements tend to become +1 ions (ie Li +1 , Na +1 , K +1 , Rb http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/crystal_chemistry.htm

EENS 211 Earth Materials Tulane University Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Crystal Chemistry As we have been discussing for the last several weeks, crystals, and thus minerals, are made up of a 3-dimensional array of atoms arranged in an orderly fashion. Now we explore what these atoms are and how they interact with one another to determine the physical and structural properties of crystals. So, first we explore the properties of the atom. Atoms Atoms make up the chemical elements. Each chemical element has nearly identical atoms. An atom is composed of three different particles: Protons positively charged, reside in the center of the atom called the nucleus. Electrons negatively charged, orbit in a cloud around nucleus. Neutrons no charge, reside in the nucleus. In a neutrally charged atom, each element has the same number of protons and the same number of electrons. Number of protons = Number of electrons. Number of protons = atomic number Number of protons + Number of neutrons = atomic weight Isotopes are atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons. i.e. the number of neutrons may vary within atoms of the same element. Some isotopes are unstable which results in radioactivity.

102. Mineral Chemistry Prof. Stephen A. Nelson. Mineral chemistry. K, 2.59, 1.42, Note that 8 elements makeup over 98% of the Earth s crust and that Oxygen is the most abundant element. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/mineral_chemistry.htm

EENS 211 Earth Materials Tulane University Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Mineral Chemistry Minerals can form by any of the following processes: Precipitation from a fluid like H O or CO . This can take place within the Earth by hydrothermal processes, diagenesis, and metamorphism, and at or near the Earth's surface as a result of evaporation, weathering, or biological activity. Sublimation from a vapor. This process is somewhat more rare, but can take place at a volcanic vent, or deep in space where the pressure is near vacuum. Crystallization from a liquid. This takes place during crystallization of molten rock (magma) either below or at the Earth's surface. Solid - Solid reactions. This process involves minerals reacting with other minerals in the solid state to produce one or more new minerals. Such processes take place during metamorphism and diagenesis due to changing temperature and pressure conditions. No matter what process is involved, a particular mineral cannot form unless the chemical ingredients necessary to make the mineral are present. Thus, the most common minerals are minerals that have a chemical composition made of the common elements found in their environment. Since the environment where most observable minerals occur is the Earth's crust, we must first explore the chemical composition of the Earth's crust.

103. CHEMTUTOR ELEMENTS This is a part of the intriguing story of how chemistry and history Back to the beginningof elements. The standard notation for fertilizer is NP K. N is the http://www.chemtutor.com/elem.htm

COMMON ELEMENTS ALPHABETICALLY Chemtutor's fifty-or-so most useful elements to know About the elements aluminum antimony argon ... zinc ABOUT THE ELEMENTS COMMON ELEMENTS You should know the name and symbol for the following elements. If you see the name, you should know the symbol. If you see the symbol, you should know the name. For the elements in the right-hand row there are other names for the element, sometimes Latin, from which the element symbol was derived or some other name that makes the element more recognizable. You do not need to know the names in parentheses. Helium He Lithium Li Hydrogen H Sodium (Natrium) Na Boron B Carbon C Silicon Si Calcium (Lime) Ca Beryllium Be Fluorine F Neon Ne Sulfur (Brimstone) S Phosphorus P Nitrogen N Aluminum Al Potassium (Kalium) K Chlorine Cl Argon Ar Magnesium Mg Iron (Ferrum) Fe Bromine Br Oxygen O Manganese Mn Copper (Cuprum) Cu Cobalt Co Nickel Ni Chromium Cr Lead (Plumbum) Pb Zinc Zn Krypton Kr Rubidium Rb Silver (Argentum) Ag Iodine I Platinum Pt Cadmium Cd Tin (Stannum) Sn Cesium Cs Barium Ba Francium Fr Antimony(Stibium) Sb Bismuth Bi Arsenic As Strontium Sr Tungsten(Wolfram)W Radon Rn Xenon Xe Polonium Po Gold (Aurum) Au Radium Ra Uranium U Mercury (Hydrargyrum or Quicksilver) Hg Back to the beginning of Elements Aluminum.

104. Demos Menu Alkali Metal Properties (Li, Na, and K react with water). The Noble Metals (Au,Ag, and Cu samples) see The elements. 22. chemistry of the Nonmetals. http://chemlearn.chem.indiana.edu/demos/democont.htm

General Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations and Audio/Visual Resources In the following table of contents, the demonstrations have been organized by the chapter headings of the textbook Chemistry: The Molecular Science by Moore, Stanitski and Jurs For assistance with lecture demonstrations contact Matthew Nance in the Instructional Support Office, C021D, phone 85 , or email mjnance@indiana.edu Table of Contents: Titles marked with a star (*) identify demonstrations that do not require a written procedure, such as prepare 1 M NaOH and dilute to 0.1 M. Chemistry and Measurement Column Chromatography Conservation of Mass; Conservation of Volume? Density Demonstrations The Elements (Samples of many elements available) How Wide is the Lecture Hall? A Study of the Precision of The Meter Stick Kilogram Weight, A Liter Beaker, A Mole Paper Chromatography (Coffee filter, water, and felt tip pen) Why Fahrenheit is What It Is Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Burning of Methane - see Types of Chemical Reactions Methane/Oxygen Explosion Limewater as Indicator of CO2 Molecular Model Sets and Molecular Models ... Conservation of Mass; Conservation of Volume? Chemical Reactions: An Introduction Acids and Carbonates Balancing Chemical Reactions Electrolytes: Conductivity Measurements of pH (compare pH of various solutions with Overhead pH Meter) Soap Suds Titration Types of Reactions 1) Combustion Reactions: Methane and Butane (Cigarette Lighter) 2) Displacement Reaction: Zinc and Hydrochloric Acid 3) Metathesis Reaction: Form a Precipitate

105. Chemical Elements.com - An Interactive Periodic Table Of The Elements Element Groups Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals OtherMetals Metalloids NonMetals Halogens Noble Gases Rare Earth elements. http://www.chemicalelements.com/

Home About This Site Comments Help Links ... Window Version Show Table With: Name Atomic Number Atomic Mass Electron Configuration ... Crystal Structure Element Groups: Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Other Metals ... Rare Earth Elements Click on an element symbol for more information This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Please visit this site's license agreement and privacy statement

106. Periodic Table Of Elements By EnvironmentalChemistry.com Periodic table of elements provides comprehensive data on the chemical elements including scores of properties, element names in many languages, chemical compounds, most known nuclides. 4. 19. K . http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic

107. Chemical Elements.com - Potassium (K) About This Site. Comments. Help. Links. Window Version. Show Table With Name. Atomic Number. Atomic Mass. Electron Configuration. Number of Neutrons. Melting Point. Boiling Point. Date of Discovery http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/k.html

Home About This Site Comments Help ... Window Version Show Table With: Name Atomic Number Atomic Mass Electron Configuration ... Crystal Structure Element Groups: Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Other Metals ... Citing This Page Basic Information Name: Potassium Symbol: K Atomic Number: Atomic Mass: 39.0983 amu Melting Point: Boiling Point: Number of Protons/Electrons: Number of Neutrons: Classification: Alkali Metal Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 0.862 g/cm Color: silvery Atomic Structure Number of Energy Levels: First Energy Level: Second Energy Level: Third Energy Level: Fourth Energy Level: Isotopes Isotope Half Life K-39 Stable K-40 1.28E9 years K-41 Stable K-42 12.4 hours K-43 22.3 hours Facts Date of Discovery: Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy Name Origin: potash Symbol Origin: From the Latin word kalium Uses: glass, soap Obtained From: minerals (carnallite) Related Links Note: The external links below are not a part of this site and their content is not the responsibility of this site HHMI Laboratory Safety: Potassium Information about the dangers of potassium Healthworld Online - Potassium Contains an "Introduction to Tungsten", among other things

108. Periodic Table Of Elements Periodic Tables, and other information about the elements. We want to hear from Periodic Table of elements. 1A. 2A. 3B. 4B Cl. 18. Ar. 19. K. 20. Ca. 21. Sc http://www.chemistrydata.com/

Chemistrydata.com is a quick referece for chemisty students offering Periodic Tables, and other information about the elements. We want to hear from you! Please let us know what we can do to make our site more useful. Ask a question about an element: ex. Atomic weights of Boron and Oxygen Periodic Table Printable Periodic Table Element Properties Charts Element Quick Facts ... Resources on the web Sponsors: Search a collection of free cliff notes Web databases from noblemind.com Periodic Table of Elements H He Li Be ... Ac Lanthanoid Series Ce Pr Nd Pm ... Lu Actinoid Series Th Pa U Np ... Lr Adobe Acrobat Charts ** Note: These charts are only viewable if you have Adobe Acrobat installed on your computer. Download Adobe Acrobat here Dr. Lanzafame's website (source) Periodic Table Atomic Radii Chart Particle Nuclide Chart Fist Ionizing Energies Chart ... Melting Points Table

109. Visual Elements - Potassium Potassium animation click the icon above for viewing instructions. QuickTimePlayer required. For more about Visual elements animations click here. http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/potassium.html

Discovered : 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy in London. Description : A soft, silvery metal that tarnishes within minutes. In water, it reacts rapidly to release hydrogen, which burns with a lilac flame. There are deposits of billions of tonnes of potassium chloride throughout the world and mining extracts about 50 million tonnes a year, mainly for use in fertilisers. Potassium is essential to all living things, and the average human consumes up to 7 grams a day, and has a store of some 140 grams in the human body, mainly in the muscles. Normal diets contain enough potassium, but some foods such as instant coffee, sardines, nuts, raisins, potatoes and chocolate have more than average. Image : Alchemical symbol for potash. Click here to see larger version of this image. Potassium animation - click the icon above for viewing instructions. QuickTime Player required. For more about Visual Elements animations click here

110. K-9 To K-12 CHEMISTRY GCSE Element - Definition http://www.gcsechemistry.com/xe2.htm

schoolchem.com schoolchem.com Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Elements To see this part of the site you need to become a member Click on the link below to see how quick and easy it is to join Become a Member Sections of this site open to non members are The Reactivity Series Extraction and Uses of Metals Rates of Reaction Catalysts and Energy from Chemistry Equations Waves Magnets and Electromagnetism from Physics Headings Contents The Periodic Table ... Index

111. MSDOS » Educational » Chemistry Download atoms1a.zip (Apr 7 1997, 32.6K). It compares element properties with colors. Usefulfor self education, school reference, and chemistry labs. CCAL. http://www.bookcase.com/library/software/msdos.education.chemistry.html

Chemistry MSDOS Educational Summary: Periodic Table (Informative/SuperVGA) - ZaStaR License: Shareware Requires: Runs on any DOS computer that uses SuperVGA graphics (even under Win95). Email: zastar@uclink4.berkeley.edu Download: atoms1a.zip (Apr 7 1997, 32.6K) Description: ATOMS 1.00a is a periodic table packed with information including electro-negativity, boiling points, hazards, crystal structures, pH, thermo-conductivity, density, electron affinity, specific heat capacity, name origins, etc.. It compares element properties with colors. Pick out high and low boiling points at a glance. Learn chart trends. Colorful 1024x768 resolution, organized, and legible. Filled with animations including 3-D rendering. It is easy to use - just press buttons. Quick help available in program. Useful for self education, school reference, and chemistry labs. CCAL Summary: Chem Calculator for MW,%Composition,Equations Download: ccal9116.zip (May 25 1994, 136K) Summary: Rearrange, connect, solve chemistry equations Download: chem101b.zip

112. Certified Reference Materials Eu, Gd, Hf, La, Lu, Mn, Na, Nd, Sc, Si, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V, Y, Yb, Zn wereestablished, while for the remaining 11 elements (Al, Dy, Er, Fe, Ho, K, Mg, Ni http://www.ichtj.waw.pl/ichtj/market/m-eng/dep_08/certmat.htm

Certified reference materials C ertified reference materials are used as a prerequisite for analytical quality control programs applied in chemical laboratories. Two new CRMs of geological and environmental origin as well as two of biological origin have been prepared. Certification was based on world-wide interlaboratory comparison run followed by evaluation of results with the aid of AQCS-1 program Apatite Concentrate (CTA-AC-1) certified for contents of 25 elements. The "recommended values" for Ba, Ca, Ce, Co, Cu, Eu, Gd, Hf, La, Lu, Mn, Na, Nd, Sc, Si, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V, Y, Yb, Zn were established, while for the remaining 11 elements (Al, Dy, Er, Fe, Ho, K, Mg, Ni, Pr, Sr, Zr) the 'information values' were assigned. Fine Fly Ash (CTA-FFA-1) certified for concentration of 40 elements. The 'recommended values' for Al, As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, F, Fe, Gd, Hf, La, Li, Lu, Mn, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Si, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn were established, while for the remaining 10 elements (Be, Ca, Cd, Ga, In, K, Mg, Mo, Se, Tl) the 'information values' were assigned. Oriental Tobacco Leaves (CTA-OTL-1) certified for concentration of 29 elements. The 'recommended values' for Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Eu, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sm, Sr, Tb, Th, V, Zn were established, while for the remaining 11 elements (Au, Cl, Fe, Hf, Hg, Mo, Na, Sb, Sc, U, Yb) the 'information values' were assigned.

113. Periodic chemistry THE PERIODIC TABLE - ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION - BONDING. Some Groups ofelements have names. The lithium group (Li Na K Rb Cs) are the alkali metals http://www.newi.ac.uk/buckleyc/periodic.htm

CHEMISTRY - THE PERIODIC TABLE - ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION - BONDING David Harrison School of Science and Technology Athrofa Addysg Uwch Gogledd Ddwyrain Cymru North East Wales Institute of Higher Education Wrexham, NORTH WALES The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is much more than just a list elements or an aide-memoir. The great Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev (1834-1907) proposed the idea in 1870 although in 1864 the English chemist John Newlands (1837-1898) noticed repetitions in properties when the elements were placed in order of weight, his "law of octaves", though this only led to his ridicule. You can read some of Newland's letters to the Editor of the Chemical News at http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/newlands.html Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner 1 H 2 Li 3 Be 4 B 5 C 6 N 7 O 8 F 9 Na 10 Mg 11 Al 12 Si 13 P 14 S 15 Cl 16 K 17 Ca 19 Ti 20 V 21 Cr 22 Mn 23 Fe 24 Co 25 Ni 26 Cu 27 Zn 30 As 31 Se 32 Br Figure 1. Part of the Mendeleyev Periodic Table. Mendeleyev noticed that there were obvious gaps ( ) and one of the successes of his periodic table was that it predicted the likely existence of missing elements that were eventually discovered: 18 scandium (1879), 28 gallium (1875) and 29 germanium (1886). At the turn of the century a whole new family of elements helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon were discovered and the Mendeleyev Table was modified to include the new elements in a new column at the right hand side. The modern Periodic Table permits the chemist to rationalize atomic structure, chemical behaviour, formulae, the structure and bonding in compounds etc., it is not simply a list of elements. The modern form of the Periodic Table owes its existence not only to Mendeleyev but to

114. C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - INTRODUCTION 19 K, 20 Ca, 21 Sc, 22 Ti, 23 V, 24 Mendeleyev’s brilliant insight propelled chemistryinto the 20th century New elements were discovered that filled in the holes http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/elements.html

Periodic Table Element Symbols Ac Ag Al Am Ar As At Au B Ba Be Bh Bi Bk Br C Ca Cd Ce Cf Cl Cm Co Cs Cr Cu Db Ds Dy Es Er Eu F Fe Fm Fr Ga Gd Ge H He Hf Hg Ho Hs I In Ir K Kr La Li Lr Lu Md Mg Mn Mo Mt N Na Nb Nd Ne Ni No Np O Os P Pa Pb Pd Pm Po Pr Pt Pu Ra Rb Re Rf Rh Rn Ru S Sb Sc Se Sg Si Sm Sn Sr Ta Tb Tc Te Th Ti Tl Tm U Uub Uuq Uuu V W Xe Y Yb Zn Zr Element Names Actinium Aluminum Americium Antimony Argon Arsenic Astatine Barium Berkelium Beryllium Bismuth Bohrium Boron Bromine Cadmium Calcium Californium Carbon Cerium Cesium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Copper Curium Darmstadtium+ Dubnium Dysprosium Einsteinium Erbium Europium Fermium Fluorine Francium Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Gold Hafnium Hassium Helium Holmium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron Krypton Lanthanum Lawrencium Lead Lithium Magnesium Manganese Meitnerium Mendelevium Mercury Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Neptunium Nickel Niobium Nitrogen Nobelium Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Plutonium Polonium Potassium Praseodymium Promethium Protactinium Radium Radon Rhenium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium Rutherfordium Samarium Scandium Seaborgium Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Sulfur Tantalum Technetium Tellerium Terbium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Author Names M. Feroze Ahmed

115. ENC Online: ENC Features: Classroom Calendar: Chemistry Everywhere (Grades K-12) Spot, this site offers chemistry laboratory activities Cookie Mystery, Adopt an Element,Amazing Marshmallows Exchange, Science, Elementary School ( K5) http http://www.enc.org/features/calendar/unit/0,1819,29,00.shtm

Skip Navigation You Are Here ENC Home ENC Features Classroom Calendar Search the Site More Options Classroom Calendar By Category By Month ... Ask ENC Explore online lesson plans, student activities, and teacher learning tools. Find detailed information about thousands of materials for K-12 math and science. Read articles about inquiry, equity, and other key topics for educators and parents. Create your learning plan, read the standards, and find tips for getting grants. Chemistry Everywhere (Grades K-12) October 22 Chemistry out of this world and in this world! The top picture shows insulin crystals grown in experiments done on the space shuttle. The crystals are larger and more ordered than insulin crystals grown on Earth. Their large size makes it easier for researchers to learn about insulin. After studying the "space" crystals, researchers at the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute in Buffalo, New York, were able to make diagrams of the insulin molecules, shown in the bottom picture. Their work will help lead to better medicines for people who have diabetes. This is National Chemistry Week. Sponsored by the American Chemical Society (ACS), National Chemistry Week is designated as a time to remember and honor the people who have advanced our understanding of chemistry and to recognize the products in our lives that have resulted from their work. Whether it's the gasoline we use in our cars, the fabric of our clothing, or the fertilizer used to grow our foods, chemistry is an integral part of almost everything we have or do.

116. Chemistry::Formula - Enumerate Elements In A Chemical Formula keys and the number of each element as its Absorption; XrayAbsorption load( elam );use ChemistryFormula qw barns) = (0,0); foreach my $k (keys(%$count http://feff.phys.washington.edu/~ravel/software/Formula/Formula.html

NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... AUTHOR NAME Chemistry::Formula - enumerate elements in a chemical formula SYNOPSIS That is obviously not a real compound, but it demonstrates the capabilities of the routine. This returns DESCRIPTION This module provides a function which parses a string containing a chemical formula and returns the number of each element in the string. It can handle nested parentheses and square brackets and correctly computes stoichiometry given numbers outside the (possibly nested) parentheses. Only one function is exported, . This takes a string and a hash reference as its arguments and returns or 1. If the formula was parsed without trouble, first error encountered without testing the rest of the string. If the formula was parsed correctly, the %count hash contains element symbols as its keys and the number of each element as its values. Here is an example of a program that reads a string from the command line and, for the formula unit described in the string, writes the weight and absorption in barns. use Data::Dumper; use Xray::Absorption; Xray::Absorption -> load("elam"); use Chemistry::Formula qw(parse_formula);

117. Learnchem.net: Interactive Tests 4. Choose the element with the smallest ionization energy Li Na K Rb Cs. 18.Choose the element with the highest melting point. Li Na K Rb Cs. 19. http://www.learnchem.net/quiz/quiz2/

new ypSlideOutMenu("menu1", "down", 161, 178, 200, 450) new ypSlideOutMenu("menu2", "down", 161, 259, 200, 450) new ypSlideOutMenu("menu3", "down", 161, 327, 200, 450) new ypSlideOutMenu("menu4", "down", 161, 385, 200, 450) new ypSlideOutMenu("menu5", "down", 161, 432, 200, 450) new ypSlideOutMenu("menu6", "down", 161, 520, 200, 450) home news about us contact us ... thermodynamic data 1. Choose the solid that forms the most covalent bonds. Be(s) Mg(s) Ca(s) Sr(s) Ba(s) 2. Choose the metal that is found in the mineral dolomite. Mg Ca Sr Ba all of these 3. Pick the most basic oxide in aqueous solution. BeO CO BaO SO Al O 4. Choose the element that is the strongest reducing agent in acqueous solution. Li Na K Rb Cs 5. In a given period this group has the element with the smallest ionization energy. Group 1A Group 2A Group 3A Group 7A Group 8A 6. Choose the element whose ion has the largest concentration inside a human cell. Li Na K Rb Cs 7. Choose the metal with the largest first ionization energy. Na Mg Al K Ca 8. Metallic sodium may be obtained from molten sodium chloride by: electrolysis neutralization ionization hydrolysis 9. Choose the element with the highest melting point.

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