61. Other Key Sites Around The Capital (Spectacular Slovakia Travel Guide) But we want to join castle Hill to Follow the bridge to the other side of the riverand you For some people, this was a victory of architecture, Vajda says http://www.spectacularslovakia.sk/ss2001/bratislava_other.html

Ad Rates Publishing house Settings About us ... ENG-ASCII Search for: Home Spectacular Slovakia 2001 (Choose edition) IN GENERAL Letter from the Editor About the Spectacular ... Other sources Related websites: Other key sites around the capital By Chris Togneri photo: Ján Svrèek Bratislava Castle Perhaps the largest castle in Slovakia, Bratislavský hrad (Bratislava Castle) is also the country's least appreciated. Locals and visitors alike enjoy cutting the castle down to size, commonly referring to it as nothing more than an "Upside Down Table". But what it lacks in aesthetic pleasure, Bratislava castle makes up in historical value. Perched 100 metres above the Danube river on the edge of the Small Carpathian mountain range, the intimidating citadel has presided over the rise and fall of kingdoms, kings and countries. Originally a Slavic fort first mentioned in the 907 Salzburg Chronicle, the majority of the castle was built in the 1430s. The most significant stretch of the castle's history, however, came from 1740 to 1780, during the reign of Maria Theresa of Austria. Maria Theresa was a huge fan of the castle and the city, then the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom, and consequently spent most of her time in power here. To better suit her lifestyle, she had it tailored to her specific needs, a fact which museum workers gladly explain to visitors. For example, the empress, apparently a bit too robust to climb stairs comfortably by foot, had the steps shortened and lengthened to create a lower gradient so that she could ride her horse in the castle.

62. Memory Of A Country : Grand-duchy Of Luxembourg Of course, the fortified military architecture of Luxembourg technological developments(at the castle of Betzdorf a reflection in common with other places of http://www.culture-routes.lu/php/fo_index.php?lng=en&dest=bd_pa_det&id=00000051

63. People Talking About Oriland Gallery of Heroes, and the Museum of architecture in which Flora are in the SanElfCastle that houses would like to replicate their study in other countries. http://www.oriland.com/about/talking/articles.asp?category=articles&model=01&nam

64. Chateaux,French Chateaux,Chateaux De La Loire,Discover French The architectural terms for the different parts of ll get to view the other countriescastles if you contains a large collection of castle related information http://www.french-at-a-touch.com/Chateaux/chateaux.htm

65. The Castles Of Wales to explore and understand an architectural feature most main castle index, our largercastle database, or For specific essays and other articles concerning the http://www.castlewales.com/home.html

Welcome to the Castles of Wales Web Site! Q uick jump to M ain ... aps or S ite S earch Above: The Welsh-built fortress at Castell y Bere rests in the shadows of Cader Idris in Southern Snowdonia. The castle was built by Llywelyn the Great in the 13th century, and strengthened by his grandson Llywelyn the Last before being captured in 1283 by the forces of King Edward I. Although greatly ruined, many claim this castle as their favorite, it's spectacular surrounding drawing both castle enthusiasts and those seeking to experience some of the most beautiful vistas Wales has to offer. Our presentation of the castle features an essay by Lise Hull, accompanied by 17 high-quality digital photographs. Jeffrey L. Thomas F ollow this link for a Welsh language version of this page, and this link for a list of pages at the site available in Welsh! elcome! Croeso! My name is Jeffrey L. Thomas and I'm pleased to be your host as we explore some of the most impressive monuments of the Middle Ages, the medieval Castles of Wales . Along the way we hope to educate and enlighten you about not only Welsh castles, but about the unique history of the

66. Bibliography For Castle Building Project: Other Need directions for how to build your castle? Or how to live in one? We also list books about alternative construction methods and materials. http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Hollow/7231/bibliog7.html

Bibliography Other Resources and Considerations Alexander, Christopher, A PATTERN LANGUAGE I was in the University of Oregon in Eugene when Alexander and crew were working on the project that became "Pattern Language". I love the concept and the system. Bureau of Reclamation, DESIGN OF SMALL DAMS , USA, United States Department of the Interior, 1974 revised reprint Campbell, Stu, THE HOME WATER SUPPLY , USA, Garden Way Publishing, 1983, ISBN 0-88266-324-0, L.C.#: 83-1635 Day, Christopher, PLACES OF THE SOUL , Architecture and Environmental Design as a Healing Art, England, The Aquarian Press, 1993, ISBN 1 85538 305 5 Jenkins, J. C., THE HUMANURE HANDBOOK, A Guide to Composting Human Manure , USA, Jenkins Publishing, 1994, ISBN0 9644258-4-X, L.C.#: 95-94239. While the idea may be repugnant to western sensibilities, I think this may be a useful concept book. Cess pools and sewage systems are so wasteful, and actually dangerous. Leckie, Jim, Gil Masters, Harry Whitehouse, Lily Young, OTHER HOMES AND GARBAGE , USA, Sierra Club Books, 1975, ISBN 0-87156-141-7, L.C.#: 75-8913 Matson, Tim

67. English Architecture - A History that many periods overlapped each other and many interested in exploring the architecturalheritage of http://www.britainexpress.com/architecture/

English Architecture Styles of architecture and design in Britain from prehistoric times to the Victorian period, including architect biographies. Home Architecture Home Accommodation Hotels Hostels Self Catering Attractions England Scotland Wales Villages ... Our Favourite Places Virtual Tours England Wales Countryside National Trails Heritage Coasts National Parks Travel Services Tours Rail Tickets Car Rental Tourist Info Centres England Scotland Wales Heritage History Culture Links England Scotland Wales About Contact About us Architecture English Architecture TIMELINE English architecture did not, of course, follow a rigid timeline, with clear divisions between periods and styles of building. What follows is an attempt to organize themes and philosophies of building styles in a rough chronological order, realising that many periods overlapped each other and many styles may well have been in use in the same region or even in the same building at the same time.

68. Architecture Of Edinburgh, Scotland - Architecture Of Edinburgh 1367, Edinburgh castle. St Giles Cathedral. Send a Postcard. Choose from ourselection of architectural postcards to send someone a message. Postcards. http://scotland.archiseek.com/edinburgh/

Book Reviews International Architectural Competitions About Us Contact Us ... Edinburgh / Introduction King Malcolm III Canmore (died 1093) built his castle at Edinburgh, and his wife Queen (Saint) Margaret built a chapel within its walls - now the oldest building in the city. Her son, David I built the Abbey at Holyrood, a mile to the East along "The Royal Mile". Castle and Abbey became the anchor points of Edinburgh; a thriving town grew up along side the road between them along the ridge of the rocky outcrop. During the Wars of Independence Edinburgh Castle was captured by the English until Robert the Bruce's nephew recaptured it by climbing its steep and craggy sides in the dead of night. Robert the Bruce granted Edinburgh a Royal Charter in 1329. By the end of the 1500's it was established as the Capital of Scotland, and growing in population. The inhabitants chose to build high houses close to the protection of the Castle. This resulted in high tennement buildings (some reached 14 storeys) most of which can be seen to this day in the Old Town. When King James VI inherited the throne of England in 1603, Edinburgh ceased to be the principal site of the royal court, although it did continue to have its own Parliament. After the Act of Union in 1707, Parliament ceased to be held in Edinburgh. The loch below the North side of the castle was filled in and work began on what is known as the New Town. The loch had become very unsanitary due to the refuse that was deposited there by the inhabitants of the Old Town. New streets and and thousands of houses were planned and built in the Classical fashion around squares and a grid system of streets.

69. Medieval Studies Theme of Medieval Art and architecture The site contains pictures of cathedrals, abbeys,parish churchs and castles in England and France (other country pages were http://www.cln.org/themes/medieval.html

Medieval Studies Theme Page This "Theme Page" has links to two types of resources related to the study of medieval studies. Students and teachers will find curricular resources (information, content...) to help them learn about this topic. In addition, there are also links to instructional materials (lesson plans) which will help teachers provide instruction in this theme. Please read our 1066 Archive A short meta-list of links to resources connected with the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Invasion of England. Angelcynn: Anglo Saxon Living History Information on the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain, and clothing and appearance of the pagan Anglo Saxons, and an electronic copy of the Finnesburh Fragment. Anglo Saxon England Timelines, narrative histories, history of London, biographies of various royal houses, historical maps, original sources and texts, and church history. Anthology of Middle English Literature (1350-1485) Biographical information, and electronic copies of works from such authors as Chaucer, Gawain, Langland, Julian, Kempe, and Malory. Byzantine and Medieval Studies Site A meta-list of links from Fordham University.

70. From The Temple To The Castle An Architectural History Of British Literature, 16 in England more than in any other country, every man the poet Alexander Pope offeredarchitectural drawings for Hill, inspired his novel The castle of Otranto. http://www.upress.virginia.edu/books/morrissey.html

Reviews Author Related Links To Order From the Temple to the Castle An Architectural History of British Literature, 1660-1760 by Lee Morrissey "...there has never been a book about the rich architectural heritage of eighteenth-century English literature by someone fully conversant with architectural practice and technical writing." Paul J. Korshin, University of Pennsylvania The Castle of Otranto . The work of John Milton and Thomas Gray also exhibits an abiding interest in architecture. By examining the connections between literature and architecture in the work of these writers and by viewing architecture in literary terms, Lee Morrissey traces a narrative of cultural change in the Augustan Age and beyond. Paradise Lost, The Provok'd Wife, Essay on Man, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, and The Castle of Otranto focuses the literary and historical issues of the period in architectural terms. While some twentieth-century architectural theorists have worried that treating architecture in literary terms robs it of its social function, Morrissey argues that architecture can be a language and still participate in political and social contexts, because language itself is political and social. The fruit of his argument is a unique intellectual history of late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Britain that will engage scholars of architectural history and landscape architecture as well as of literature.

71. ROMANIA - Arts And Architecture - Official Travel And Tourism Information other such village museums well worth visiting are Brukenthal Palace (Sibiu), HunedoaraCastle (near Deva Romanian Art and architecture Bucharest, Timisoara http://www.romaniatourism.com/spec.html

Home Site Map Links Maps ... News and Views Visiting Romania gives you the chance to see Constantin Brancusi's works in the marvelous setting of a park in Targu Jiu, near Hobita, his home village. "The Endless Column" (Coloana Infinita) , "The Gate of the Kiss" (Poarta Sarutului) , "The Table of Silence" (Masa Tacerii) and "The Alley of Chairs" (Aleea Scaunelor) are displayed among trees and lawns as Brancusi wanted them to be. Romania has a great diversity of museums preserving every facet of its history and arts. Some are small museums, catering to enthusiasts with a taste for special interests such as pharmacy, clocks, railway trains, folk arts and architecture, wine making and traditional crafts. Larger museums host regular exhibitions from around the world, as well as housing permanent collections of paintings and sculptures. Prominent museums include Romania's National Museum of Art, the Art Collections Museum, the Village Museum, the Museum of the Romanian Peasant in Bucharest, and the Bruckenthal Museum in Sibiu. For a listing of Websites offering more information on Romania's Museums, please check the Links Romanians' vivid imagination and intense spirituality have always been expressed through their architecture. Fortunately, they also have strong preservation instincts, resulting in village museums that display bygone ways of life through found and restored peasant houses, elaborately carved gates, barns and other architectural elements. The best and most comprehensive of these is the Village Museum

72. Castles, Chateaux, Monasteries And Other Memorials In The Èeský Krumlov Region Podunajská architecture, arrived in our country. On the other side we cannot omitthe significance of gentry life on the country forts and little castles. http://www.ckrumlov.cz/uk/region/histor/t_hrzakl.htm

Castles, Chateaux, Monasteries and Other Memorials in the Èeský Krumlov Region The Èeský Krumlov region is remarkably abundant in religious and non-religious monuments that draw the attention of its visitors. We can find here many castles, chateaux, monasteries and churches which tell us very much of the history of the Èeský Krumlov region. The forming of the region from the historical point of view was influenced by the presence of the significant aristocratic family of the Rosenbergs and also by the activity of the Cistercian Vyšší Brod Monastery and Zlatá Koruna Monastery by means of which high Gothic architecture, influenced by so-called Podunajská architecture, arrived in our country. On the other side we cannot omit the significance of gentry life on the country forts and little castles. At the time of Middle Ages the castle architecture took up the front place among secular buildings. The castles were the residences of aristocracy, the ownership helped their owners to raise themselves above nobles, they performed residential, administrative and also defensive functions. The castles mostly situated on places of importance from the strategic point of view (hills, headlands, rivers) had in various modifications in appearance a similar character made of a palace, tower and fortifications with walls and moats. Among the most significant examples of this castle architecture are the Rožmberk nad Vltavou Castle and Dívèí Kámen Castle , that were owned by the Rosenbergs.

73. The Development Of The English Castle very much akin to that of the later country house. the castle; the hall where everyonein the castle usually gathered for meals and other social events http://www.britannia.com/history/david1.html

Search Britannia BRITANNIA GATEWAYS Home History Travel Tours ... News HISTORY GATEWAYS Monarchs Timelines Documents Maps ... Time Indexes This article is the first in a series which attempts to outline the development of the English Medieval castle and to describe its major features. Where possible, reference is made to existing castles within a comfortable day's journey of London so that the visitor who wishes to view a selection of English castles, but has limited time at his or her disposal, need not travel far from the capital. Perhaps the first issue to be dealt with is an answer to the question, "what is a castle?" The English Medieval castle, like its counterparts in Europe, is a unique phenomenon. Most buildings are created to fulfil a single, specific purpose: a church, a house, a factory, a school, a bank, a hotel etc. A castle, depending upon the status of the man who occupied it, could be variously, a military base, a seat of government, a court and a stronghold for the surrounding region. It could be any or all of the above but it was principally the private residence of its owner, his family and his dependents. England had known fortifications before the advent of the castle. The Iron Age peoples of Ancient Britain fortified hilltops with massive earthworks, such as Maiden Castle in Dorset, for tribal defense. The Romans dotted the countryside with innumerable military encampments and built the impressive chain of fortresses, known as the Saxon Shore forts (e.g. Portchester Castle, below)

74. Medieval Castles Of Europe, European Group Travel, Tours And Vacations times. Each country in Europe developed its own architectural designscopying from that of the castles in other countries. The race http://www.customeurotours.com/europe_tours/medieval_castles.htm

Company Bio References Custom Tours Specialized Tours ... Our Location Call Us Today Toll FREE! Owned and operated by: Castaway's International Internet services by: MRG Design MEDIEVAL CASTLE'S Castle's in Europe evolved from the first wooden forts made to lodge a garrison to spectacular stone structures able to support a small army for extended times. Each country in Europe developed its own architectural designs copying from that of the castles in other countries. The race to build castles as the best military defenses, turned into a competition for the most magnificent architectural designs in the world. Battle and beauty were now married together. The era between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Reformation is unique. During the Middle ages, Western Europe was in a restless slumber brought on by war, power struggles, illiteracy, and disease. But at the same time, sparks of genius were igniting that would bring new styles of art and architecture and change the world. Through it all, faith was the ever-present catalyst for artistic, intellectual, social, and political developments. Men were asked to join the Crusades to fight and die for religious belief while magnificent cathedrals were built as refuges of peace. The Middle Ages saw castles, chivalry, and the birth of Romance.

75. Internet Public Library: Architecture ask us area where castlerelated questions planning, architecture, urbanism and othertopics related also contains information about architecture and planning http://www.ipl.org/div/subject/browse/hum20.10.00/

dqmcodebase = "/javascript/" Subject Collections Business Computers Education ... Architecture This collection All of the IPL Advanced Resources in this category: You can also view Magazines Associations on the Net under this heading. About.com: Architecture http://architecture.about.com/ American Landscape and Architectural Design, 1850-1920: a Study Collection from the Harvard Graduate School of Design http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/mhsdhtml/aladhome.html "This collection of approximately 2,800 lantern slides represents an historical view of American buildings and landscapes built during the period 1850-1920. It represents the work of Harvard faculty, such as Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., Bremer W. Pond, and James Sturgis Pray, as well as that of prominent landscape architects throughout the country. The collection offers views of cities, specific buildings, parks, estates and gardens, including a complete history of Boston's Park System. In addition to photographs, views of locations around the country include plans, maps, and models. Hundreds of private estates from all over the United States are represented in the collection through contemporary views of their houses and gardens (including features such as formal gardens, terraces, and arbors )." http://www.archeire.com/

76. Castles, Palaces And Manors Of The Great Poland other residences are in ruine (I don’t present them of strongholds will admire theGothic castles, while lovers of Renaissance architecture the 16th http://hum.amu.edu.pl/~gmazurek/zpd/zpden.htm

Castles, palaces and manors of the Great Poland Polish version MENU INTRODUCTION CASTLES PALACES MANORS ... E-mail These pages are optimized Recognitions... December 1996 January 1997 CHIP-CD 2/97 February 1997 February 1997 Citation from World Wide Art Resources: The Great Poland is crowded with valuable monuments of ecclesiastical and secular architecture, representing all styles. In the countryside one can often come across fine examples of timber structures, such as shapely old-style wind-mills, churches and belfries. Castles, palaces and manors in the Great Poland count more than 800. In this site, you can find some of them. Presently, some of numerous castles, palaces and manors are turned into museums, contain rich collections of furniture, pictures, products of artistic handicrafts, porcelain, arms and armour. April 1997 July 1997 December 1998 English summary Foreword The Great Poland Residences On-line visiting Foreword C astles, palaces and manors of the Great Poland on the World Wide Web is an attempt to organize and offer many sites in the Great Poland where you can find this residences. My love for these residences began when I started to visit my friend outside Poznan. I did many tours and I found these buildings in almost every village, small town and city. C astles, palaces and manors in the Great Poland count more than 800. In this site, you can find some of them. Presently, some of numerous castles, palaces and manors are turned into museums, contain rich collections of furniture, pictures, products of artistic handicrafts, porcelain, arms and armour. Some of these buildings are house government offices, agricultural institutions, colleges and hotels. Some of them open for visits, meetings, receptions. Some of them are private-owned and not open to the public. Other residences are in ruine (I don’t present them). I include short description of residences which I visited. I intend to present a site as complete as I am able to find some information in literature. So this site will regulary increase and bring more detailed information on castles, palaces and manors. Every description includes 5 parts:

77. Architecture on the little mouse to find out all the activities that went on in the castles ofthe 1300 s Folk Victorian architecture in America See other styles of http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/architec.htm

ARCHITECTURE ART HOME Program Goals Lesson Plans Year Plan ... To top of page This page is still under construction! I'll be building more links all the time. History and Architects Buildings Educational Resources Frank Lloyd Wright ... Victorian Architecture and more! History of Architecture Art Serve: Art and Architecture Images mainly from the Mediterranean Basin and Japan. If you have some time - you might want to check this site out for images - no historical information given. I found some nice architectural details like columns and doors. Site from Australian National University Renaissance and Baroque Architecture images included in this collection were scanned from slides taken by Professor C. W. Westfall and used in his survey course, Renaissance and Baroque Architecture, University of Virginia. High quality images - also shows influence on architecture in the United State. History of Western Architecture This site has links to images by region and period. Information is given about each structure. Images a fairly small but a good source for images for PowerPoint presentations. History of Japanese Architecture Asian Historical Architecture Cities/Buildings image archive University of Washington - Cities/Buildings Database is a collection of digitized images of buildings and cities drawn from across time and throughout the world.

78. Dummies::Uncovering The Highlights Of England Mighty castles, stately homes, glorious gardens, and tiny in a long curving line)and 18thcentury architecture. Two other destinations are Oxford and Cambridge http://www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-2452.html

Home Travel Worldwide Travel Uncovering the Highlights of England Uncovering the Highlights of England Adapted From: England For Dummies, 2nd Edition England claims a special place in the hearts and minds of many people. English speakers (and readers) in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand often feel a kinship with the land of their mother tongue. England shares many cultural ties and hundreds of place names with those countries. So, for some people, a trip to England is like going home. The country's great age, and the sheer weight of its history, can induce a sense of awe and wonder. The layers of its long history are visible everywhere you look. And travelers can enjoy the country in so many different ways. Mighty castles, stately homes, glorious gardens, and tiny picturesque villages enhance the countryside's natural beauty. The cooking is unique, and so is the English pub. Here are some of the things that make traveling in England so much fun and so endlessly fascinating. Exploring England's fascinating cities, towns, and villages

79. Japanese Architecture arrived from every part of the country, lured by be earned, vying with each otherto work 1609, represents the zenith in Medieval Period castle architecture. http://www.kippo.or.jp/culture/build/beauty/suzuki_e.htm

80. Boston.com Destination Guides - Europe Russia - Europe In the field of military architecture, the most at Volterra is an archetypal medievalcastle set high Italy s other famous Gothic bridge, the Ponte Vecchio in http://dg.ian.com/index.jsp?cid=54608&action=viewLocation&formId=78304

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