61. AllRefer Reference - Caribbean Islands - Social And Cultural Characteristics majority, which tries to emphasize the African cultural heritage general regional historical background on the islands of the Commonwealth caribbean may be http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/caribbean-islands/caribbean-is

You are here allRefer Reference Caribbean Islands History ... Caribbean Islands Caribbean Islands SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS With the exception of Trinidad, where East Indians and Africans are nearly equal in number, the Caribbean states have predominantly African-derived populations. Race, ethnicity, class, and color, however, do not constitute the mutually reinforcing cleavages found elsewhere. No regional political or social organization is based exclusively on race, class, or color. Overt forms of segregation and discrimination do not exist, and crude political appeals to race and color have not been successful. Nevertheless, color consciousness permeates the societies, and various forms of more subtle social discrimination against non-Christians and East Indians, for example, have persisted. Despite the common official language, common institutions, and common historical experience, each island and state has a distinct set of characteristics. For example, the local inflection of the English spoken in Jamaica varies significantly from that spoken in Barbados or Trinidad. Literacy rates also vary greatly from between 75 and 80 percent in Jamaica and St. Lucia to almost universal literacy in Trinidad, Barbados, and the Bahamas. In a region where a constant racial and cultural mixing over centuries have resulted in extreme heterogeneity, any ethnic ideal clashes with the observed reality of everyday life. Nevertheless, ideals exist, often based on European models, and are at variance with the expressed rhetoric of the political majority, which tries to emphasize the African cultural heritage. At all levels of Caribbean societies, tensions exist between centrifugal state policies and ideals on the one hand and individual beliefs, family, and kin on the other. These tensions are exacerbated by the fragile political structures and even more delicate economic foundations on which a viable, cohesive nationalism must be forged among the Commonwealth Caribbean peoples. The most urgent challenges for the new political leaders lie in satisfying the constantly rising expectations amid the reality of constantly shrinking resources.

62. Russ Filman's Caribbean - Internet References Compass Publishing); Google Newsgroups rec.travel caribbean soc.culture; caribbean web pages; go to Russ caribbean menu page. English Speaking Windward islands. http://www.hwcn.org/~aa462/carib.html

What are Dreams for, if not Warmth and Welcomes? General Data Sources De fac's Mon, just de fac's vacations in the Caribbean NOAA IR Satellite Image IR Loop Hurricane Net NOAA Water Vapor Image ... NOAA Storms 2004 Windward Islands - the Deep Southeastern Paradise Grenada - next into tourism expansion, still great St. Vincent and The Grenadines - most appealing Barbados - most developed, the southern gateway St. Lucia - blossoming into mass tourism Dominica - ecological haven of quiet Other West Indies Countries - more Intimate Island Dreams Direct Links to Caribbean Travel Roundup Russ' Homepage or Bequia Island or Travel Yahoo WebCrawler AltaVista ... HotBot ........... De fac's Mon, just de fac's .......... CIA - World Factbook 2003 Dr. Henke's The Virtual Institute of Caribbean Studies Caribbean Research Center at Medgar Evers College (CUNY) Russ' Caribbean Literature Caribbean Newspapers Economics references Global Islands Net Caribbean Amerindian Communities research website CTO Caribbean Tourism Organization Lonely Planet - Destination: Eastern Caribbean Tony Glaser's Caribbean Internet Sites more links to general Caribbean web pages go to Russ' Caribbean menu page Now the vacation tourist stuff - The Caribbean is about islands. From the very first human exposure, the sea and sailing defined the true inherent character of the Caribbean. The Leewards, the Windwards, the currents, winds, palms, sea grape, causurina trees and the unrelenting sun of the tropics, all combine to provide that paradise we northerners dream to inhabit. Take it from here and enjoy your journey.

63. World History Compass, Latin American And Caribbean History US Geological Survey, Florida caribbean Science Center. Its Land, History, culture, and Literature Lesson plan and teaching guide by Frank J US Virgin islands. http://www.worldhistorycompass.com/latin.htm

World History Compass Home Page New Links About WHC Support WHC Main Index General and International History Ancient Egypt Ancient, General ... Museums Search WHC Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda A short history. The Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda, 1981 Political Database of the Americas, Georgetown University. Cuba Castro Speech Database A database containing the full text of English translations of speeches, interviews, and press conferences by Fidel Castro, based upon the records of the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), a U.S. government agency. Cuba and World History Cuban Collection Books, archives, periodicals. University of Miami Libraries. Cuban History Articles and links. Florida International University. Haiti Historical Experiences Articles and text of original documents. From Windows on Haiti. History of Haiti From Precolumbian to the present, Bob Corbett of Webster University presents what is surely the definitive site on Haitian history. Immigration An historical overview of migratory movements, this tutorial focuses on diasporas to and within Canada, the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean from Europe, Asia, and Africa. University of Calgary. Jamaica A Narrative of Events since the First of August, 1834

64. Culture In The Bahamas from Florida, people from other caribbean islands, as well as and beliefs shaped Bahamian culture into the of the British Commonwealth, The islands Of The http://www.bahamas.co.uk/about/bahamas_about_culture.asp

Bahamas Home About The Bahamas Islands Activities ... Culture A young Bahamain A trader in the straw market, Exuma A conch vendor Bahamian culture has embraced a panorama of native customs of the indigenous "Indian" people who populated The Islands Of The Bahamas over the eons. Then Bahamian culture suddenly underwent an abrupt change beginning in 1647 when English Puritans settled on the island of Eleuthera. It has further evolved over the past four centuries, witnessing the arrival of Bermudan slaves and free blacks, British Loyalists (accompanied by slaves) fleeing America after the War of Independence, freed Africans from slave ships, Black Seminoles from Florida, people from other Caribbean islands, as well as Chinese, Syrian and Greek immigrants. These people with their different backgrounds, traditions and beliefs shaped Bahamian culture into the unique, colorful patchwork of life and lifestyles that it is today. The Islands Of The Bahamas gained independence from Great Britain on July 10, 1973, which is celebrated as Bahamian Independence Day. As a member of the British Commonwealth, The Islands Of The Bahamas has a symbolic link to Great Britain, with an appointed Governor-General representing the Queen of England. To see a prime example of British influence on Bahamian government, plan to see the Changing of the Guards ceremony. There is much pomp and ceremony and the Royal Bahamas Police Force Band also performs. The ceremony occurs at Government House (the office and residence of the Governor-General) in Nassau every two weeks.

65. Talamanca Discovery: Culture generations of slavery and labor in the caribbean islands. caribbean farmers planted the coastline with coconuts, and to Africa and important to their culture. http://greencoast.com/culture.htm

HISTORICAL / CULTURAL INTRODUCTION By 1979 a road connected the villages to Limon. Electricity brought lights and refrigeration to Puerto Viejo in 1986 and to Manzanillo in 1988. Now, you can drive to Puerto Viejo in a little over 3 hours - 4 to 4.5 hours by bus - to enjoy its cultures, wildlife, forests and the Caribbean sea. Private phones were installed in October of 1996 and this has been our route to cyberspace. The earliest peoples of Talamanca of whom we are aware were the Bribri and Cabecar Indians who lived in the interior, mostly along watercourses. Later, Afro-Caribbean people settled along the coast, founding the villages of Old Harbour (Puerto Viejo), Grape Point, Manchineel (Manzanillo), and Monkey Point. English was the principal language in those days, and despite a campaign to convert everything to Spanish, to the point of changing town names, English is still widely used. Coastal Talamanca is the most bi-lingual region of Costa Rica. For generations the Blacks and Indians lived in harmony, trading with each other, living successfully off the land. These people have accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge of the forest and sea. Many indigenous people continue to live in thatch roofed houses built entirely of forest products. Later, Afro-Carribeans introduced cash crops such as cacao, began extracting lumber, often hiring Indians to work in these enterprises. Perhaps 30 years ago Spanish speaking laborers arrived from the central valley of Costa Rica. Latin Costa Rican influence has grown increasingly, an influx of North Americans and Europeans has added to the cultural mix. Many find this atmosphere fascinating and stimulating.

66. Travel Caribbean Directory, Your Online Travel Caribbean Guide, Portal To Travel Unison Travel caribbean travel highlights and information Comprehensive travel guide for the Virgin islands. dining, history, local culture, watersports and http://www.bizeurope.com/keywords/travel-caribbean.html

Work at home Finance Hotels Travel ... Webmaster Keyword links Business Buy leads Contacts Company profiles ... What's new Countries Africa Americas Asia Europe ... Other Computer Computer Downloads Flightsimulator Games ... Toner Finance Commodities Day trading Debt Ecommerce ... Venture capital Hotelguide Amsterdam Antwerp Athens Barcelona ... More... Travel Airlines Airports Cruises Hotels ... Scuba diving Travel dest. Asia Africa Caribbean Central America ... Oceania Various Dating Diets Digital camera Divx movies ... Translators Webmaster Domain names Ecommerce Free resources Shoppingcarts ... Webhosting zzz More topics..... Home Links Keywords ... Contact us travel caribbean guide AFIWI - Caribbean travel page links to airlines, hotels and tourists boards. AirTravel.com - Source for Caribbean vacation packages with online discounts. Caribbean Avenue - Directory of links and information including events, sports, and festivals. The Caribbean Club - Offering information, specials and discounts on food and lodging for members throughout the region. Caribbean Information Office - Travel and vacation information for many top Caribbean destinations.

67. CARIBBEAN AND VIRGIN ISLANDS Covers, 180+ps, History, Statistics,Flora,Fauna.culture, granada; island; caribbean;, WorldHist GUIDE to The GREATER ANTILLES,Virgin islands,Puerto Rico http://www.quiknet.com/~piercebk/caribe.html

CARIBBEAN AND VIRGIN ISLANDS Used out-of-print and antique books by mail about Caribbean Islands, Cuba, Virgin Islands, diving, sailing, Haiti, Coral Reefs, Tropical Islands, Treasure, West Indies Wayne Pierce Wonderful Books-By-Mail 4400 Pine Cluster Oroville, CA 95965 USA PHONE: 530-533-0105 , E-Mail: piercebk@cncnet.com , piercebooks@cncnet.com (POSTAGE PAID if order over $9) ORDERING INFORMATION AND TERMS BACK TO INDEX 001361 ...., ABBOTT,Elizabeth .., HAITI,First Inside Account, vg cond, McGrawHillPub, 1988, 6x9", vg dj, 381ps, Duvaliers & Their Legacy, haiti; caribbean;, history, 10.00 005512 ...., ALLEYNE,Warren .., HISTORIC BRIDGETOWN, VG Cond, Photos,Map, Barbados National Trust Pub, Barbados, 1978, 1st Ed?, 6x9", Paper Covers, 117pg thin, Barbados History. Index, barbados; island; caribbean;, World-Hist, 10.00 010931 ...., ARENAS,Reinaldo .., DOORMAN,A Novel, VG Cond, GrovePr, NY, 1991, Rept, 5x8", VG DJ, 191pg, Cuban Author. Fantastic,satirical, dizzyingly inventive, bittersweet parable about freedom & community., cuban;, fiction, 14.00 002531 ...., AYMAR,Gordon .., YACHT RACING RULES & TACTICS, vg cond, diagram photos, VanNostPub, 1936,1970, 6th ed, 7x9", vg dj, 134ps, Wise Skippers read this.(Also Have 6th ed d8), ship; sail; sport;, sport, 10.00

68. Caribbean Communication Forum Conferences Windward islands (Lesser Antilles) general caribbean (Public). Las Vegas caribbean Cultural Club Looking for all the people interested in http://www.diaarchiv.de/cgi-bin/dcforum/dcboard.cgi?az=list&forum=DCForumID1&arc

69. CaribSurf.com | Net_guide of Barbados general info about the island as well for business, tourism, entertainment, culture, and more. Discover the caribbean - Barbados - A directory of http://www.caribsurf.com/net_guide/Regional/Caribbean/Barbados/

Jun 7 In Barbados Search the Web for Education Employment Government Health ... Caribbean > Barbados Barbados , the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands, is struck by the pounding Atlantic surf on the East Coast and washed be the gentle Caribbean waters, which bathe its powdery white beaches, on the West Coast. The landscape is terraced with gently rolling hills in the eastern areas, which rise to a peak known as Mount Hilaby, which is 1,115 feet tall. With 3,000 hours of sunshine recorded annually, and the cooling breezes of the tradewinds. Information provided by the Caribbean Tourism Organization Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education ... FunBarbados.com - Discover exotic Barbados and have fun. Featuring Barbados accommodations, restaurants, tours, activities, special deals, postcards, shopping, services, general info, giveaways and more. Bajan.org - Info on Barbados, news feeds, and links to other select sites. Pride of Barbados - Comprehensive information on Barbados including tourism, business, entertainment, culture and more. SmallShop: Barbados Websites - Directory of websites and web resources related to Barbados.

70. Links To The Caribbean-American Community Hispanic caribbean islands, and the US Virgin islands. refugees, etc., and includes information about the caribbean. for Research in Black culture is devoted http://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/records_survey/Carib_Amer_Sites.html

The Caribbean Collection: An Archival Survey of the Records of the Jamaican and Trinidadian Communities of Brooklyn Links to the Caribbean-American Community on the Web Academic Resources This page of links to the Caribbean-American Community on the Web reflects some of the resources that were found in our research. By no means do we present this as a definitive listing, but we do believe that many will find this a useful starting point for their own research. We will add to this list as the project progresses; recommendations for additional listings are most welcome (go to the project home page for a direct e-mail link or send to Chantel@brooklyn.cuny.edu). Academic Resources Caribbean Literature: An Overview ( http://landow.stg.brown.edu/post/caribbean/caribov.html ) This page, hosted by Brown University, offers information about Caribbean Literature ranging from authors and themes to history and economics. It also offers a link to a Caribbean Language and Literature Discussion Group. Caribbean Research Center ( http://caribbeanrescenter.org )

71. Worldsurface.com - Sustainable Tourism For Backpackers And Independent Traveller The general atmosphere was similar to Wednesdays at the of Cuba combine trekking and cultural activities to There are no entries linked to caribbean islands, http://www.worldsurface.com/browse/location.asp?locationid=6863

72. UWE Bristol - HLSS - Inter-Faculty Programmes - Half-Award In Caribbean Studies to the rich diversity of the caribbean islands, to its Interrelation of culture between Europe and the caribbean Charisma; The Black Diaspora; caribbean Project. http://www.uwe.ac.uk/hlss/cifp/jointhon/jcaribe.shtml

Half-Award in Caribbean Studies* (Taught at Frenchay Campus) * subject to validation Joint Honours Tutor: Marie-Annick Gournet E-Mail: Marie-Annick.Gournet@uwe.ac.uk The Caribbean, with its chain of islands stretching over a 300 thousands mile arc, is today popularly thought of primarily as a tourist destination. But its history is rooted in the confrontation of indigenous and European peoples, the birth of the transatlantic slave trade, and the influx not only of Africans but also of peoples from China and the Indian subcontinent. Caribbean culture is similarly rich and diverse. The inhabitants of Barbados and Jamaica may share the same language but live nearly thousand miles apart and in Trinidad one is as likely to hear Hindi as Yoruba or French on the streets of Port au Prince. Cuba’s political traditions borrowed from both Spanish kings and Soviet ideologues whilst Haiti bears the battle scars of French revolutionary thought, racist repression and terrorist dictators. This half award aims to introduce students to the rich diversity of the Caribbean islands, to its history, culture and literature and the contemporary political pressures which shape the lives of its citizens. The Caribbean has spawned not only Shaggy and Bob Marley but cultural critics like C.L.R. James and Stuart Hall, poets like Derek Walcott, novelists like Patrick Chamoiseau and political Leaders such as Castro and Manley.

73. CUNIT-A3.HTM Eating pattern common pot ; Developing pride in Amerindian culture; Intermingling of races in the islands; Ex 3. Video Many Faces of the caribbean Part II The http://home.messiah.edu/~tstoudno/cunit-a3.htm

UNIT-A3 Indigenous Caribbean Peoples and Events TABLE OF CONTENTS: Reading Assignments The Pre-Columbus Amerindians Video Guide: Caribbean Eye Series: Indigenous Survivors Video Guide: Many Faces of the Caribbean: Part II "The People" Game: Tic-Tac-Toe Game: Caribbean Island Matching TEXT READING: Fodor: *26-27, Arawaks and Caribs *43, The Carib People Rogozinski: *14-17, Arawaks and Caribs *26-27, The Encomienda: Indian Slavery *31-33, The Extermination of the Arawak REQUIRED LIBRARY REFERENCES Beckles/Shepherd: Caribbean Freedom... Craton: Shepherd/Beckles: Caribbean Slavery... ACTIVITIES/ASSIGNMENTS 1. The Pre-Columbus Amerindians Adapted from: Ecommusee de Martinique (Guidebook), Riviere-Pilote, Martinique-(1992) 1. 4,000 BC-Pre-Ceramist nomadic groups migrated from Venezuela to the Antilles: Ciboney peoples were remnants of these nomadic groups daily life and economy centered around fishing and gathering lived in camps, scanty shelters, caves and rocky overhangs 2. Just before the Christian Era, Arawak farmers moved up through the islands: from Bolivia, Peru, Brazil then via the Orinoco Basin of Venezuela

74. IllumiRate Directory Regional Local Caribbean Guadeloupe de Guadeloupe Regional counsel of Guadaloupe provides general cultural, economic, political The World Factbook Guadeloupe One of the caribbean islands in the http://www.illumirate.com/categories.cfm?Cat_ID=435258

75. Caribbean Connections Dominican Republic and the Secretaries general of the overlooked linkages of history and culture between the Central America and those of the island caribbean. http://www.acs-aec.org/column/index110.htm

français About the ACS News FAQ ... Summits Caribbean Connections The Greater Caribbean This Week Norman Girvan Ministerial Council Office of the SG Members Meetings ... REMOTE MAIL Professor Norman Girvan is Secretary General of the Association of Caribbean States. The views expressed are not necessarily the official views of the ACS. Feedback can be sent to mail@acs-aec.org November 11, 2003 Association of Caribbean States Please send questions/comments/suggestions to: 5-7 Sweet Briar Road, St. Clair, P.O. Box 660, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies mail@acs-aec.org http://www.acs-aec.org

76. Puerto Rico Hotels, Resorts, Villas, Packages, Reviews And Photos - Caribbean Va is one of the most popular caribbean destinations. offshore territories flank the main island Vieques, Culebra Immerse yourself in this creative culture as you http://puertorico.wheretostay.com/

dqmcodebase = "http://puertorico.wheretostay.com/lib/js/" Puerto Rico Caribbean Esperanza Phosphorescent Bay Golf! Challenging courses at Hyatt's Cerromar and Dorado Resorts Historic Old San Juan Exploring Vieques Island Camuy Cave Park, one of the Western Hemisphere's most extensive cave systems. Food, nightlife, casino action and shopping. A Boquerón Bay Guest House # 1 Puerto Rico hotel, #3 Most Popular Caribbean Hotel. Sponsored Link A Puerto Rican paradise perched on top of cliffs overlooking the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. Sponsored Link Located in the fashionable Isla Verde district, this elegant resort is at the center of the city's beautiful beachfront and vibrant nightlife. Sponsored Link Puerto Rico Partly Cloudy Humidity: 71% More Weather From laid back to beachfront deluxe, Puerto Rico is an island offering so many vacation experiences that it calls itself "The Continent of Puerto Rico." Want to be waited on hand and foot or would you rather forego the air conditioning for the rustic reality of a rural parador out on the island? In the busy capital, San Juan, you'll find sightseeing attractions, luxury hotels, superb restaurants, exciting nightlife, and dazzling casinos. Out in the countryside, the mood is quite differentit's another world, several other worlds, actually. Spanish colonial towns, a lush rain forest, quiet seaside restaurants and golden beaches await you. The island has a rich Spanish heritage that fascinates visitors. Following the Spanish-American War in 1889, Spain ceded the island to the United States, and in 1917 Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship. Today, there is a harmonious mingling of Spanish and American cultures.

77. Cuba - Reportajes - Cuba: Summertime In The Caribbean Island into the socalled Key to the caribbean many centuries ago and foreign vacationers to the island s excellent, white in the fields of sports, culture and social http://www.dtcuba.com/eng/buscar_reportajes.asp?cod=109

78. Cuba - Reportajes - Puerto Padre: A Piece Of History In Eastern Cuba Other renowned cultural institutions opened their doors in Puerto role in the growth of the caribbean Island s leisure industry. Major general Vicente García http://www.dtcuba.com/eng/buscar_reportajes.asp?cod=170

79. Central America - Caribbean Central American Cultural Ecological Information Network bibliography Antilles Cuba, Jamaica, Hispanola, Puerto Rico, Cayman islands caribbean Basins. http://www.usra.edu/esse/ford/ESS301/g301www/g301wwwreg4.html

80. Belize!, Caribbean Travel, Scuba, Mayan Culture: What's New Your guide to Belize. Visit exotic mainland cities, towns, interior, meet friendly people! See ancient historic sights, Maya cities, cayes, sea, beaches, coral reefs! Stann Creek. Toledo. caribbean Cruise. Whales in Belize Belize Maps. culture. Belize Forums. FotoBelize. Belize Media thatch villas, including Luxury caribbean Villas with two bedrooms and http://www.belize.com/

Visit Belize with Belize Online Belize.com Travel Belize with extensive articles, photos, and links. Belize.com's "Best of the Web." Home Where To Stay Quick Facts Offshore Banking ... About Us Destinations Ambergris Caye Corozal Orange Walk Belize District ... Mayan Medicine Useful Links Where to Stay Tour Operators Reef and SCUBA Belize Books ... Belize Cuisine More About Travel in Belize Photo Gallery Belize Maps Culture Belize Forums ... Hotels.Belize.com Search Belize.com Belize.com Ltd. All rights reserved. Belize.com and Belize Online are Registered Trademarks of Belize.com Ltd. Belize Links All Trips to Belize Expedition Cruises Cultural Exploration Hiking Sea Kayaking Whitewater Rafting Fishing Multisport Mountain Biking Bicycle Touring What's New Search Our Directory the entire directory only this category More search options Belize Travel Articles and Belize Hotel Directory Miss Belize Universe 2004 new Miss Belize Universe Leila Pandy hails from Corozal. New pictures of Leila in Ecuador at the Miss Universe Pageant including full-size picture suitable for wallpaper.... Real Estate for Sale new For Sale: St. Mathew's Estate - a choice 9 acre parcel only 10 minutes from the capital Belmopan City. Belmopan is rapidly growing with the new U.S. Embassy starting construction this year and the University of Belize opening its doors in September....

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