61. Fight The Death Penalty In The USA death penalty for Juvenile Offenders. cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.Neither capital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibility http://www.fdp.dk/uk/juve.htm

Fight the Death Penalty in USA www.fdp.dk Death Penalty for Juvenile Offenders United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 37a: No child shall be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Neither capital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibility of release shall be imposed for offences committed by persons below 18 years of age; The United States is literally the only country in the world that has not yet ratified this international agreement, and 24 American states are members of the exclusive club consisting of nations like Iran, Iraq, Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia. The 24 states are: Minimum Death Penalty Age Sixteen: Alabama Arizona Arkansas Delaware Florida Idaho Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi Missouri Montana Nevada Oklahoma Pennsylvania South Carolina South Dakota Utah Virginia Wyoming Minimum Death Penalty Age Seventeen: Georgia New Hampshire North Carolina Texas Since 1976, 11 men have been executed in USA for crimes committed as juveniles, two of them this year, both in Texas: Joseph John Cannon (white) on April 22, and Robert A. Carter (black) on May 18.

62. Death Penalty: The International Context International calls for an end to capital punishment in Africa lack of due processin capital trials in Saudi secret executions in Japan; a juvenile executed in http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/death/intl.html

Focus on the Death Penalty Focus on Gun Control Index to Links ... Index Focus on the Death Penalty The International Context According to Amnesty International, at least 2,258 prisoners in 37 countries were known to have been executed in 1998 and 4,845 persons in 78 countries were known to have received death sentences. These numbers reflect only cases Amnesty International knows about; actual numbers are probably higher. Further information on the current international status of the death penalty is found below. See also on the death penalty and movements toward worldwide abolition as called for by the United Nations and other international bodies. The U.N. Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions is mandated by the U.N. Commission for Human Rights to address instances of executions that violate international standards regarding human rights and the right to life. Internationally, capital punishment is widely considered as a human rights issue. Three major

63. Message From The Prosecuting Attorney fourths of the American public, I believe in capital punishment. who have earned theultimate punishment our society has the value of the death penalty in our http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/death.htm

Message from Prosecuting Attorney Clark County Cases Current Indiana Death Row Indiana Death Row 1977 - 2003 ... 1000+ Death Penalty Links A Message from the Prosecuting Attorney: Along with almost three-fourths of the American public, I believe in capital punishment. I believe that there are some defendants who have earned the ultimate punishment our society has to offer by committing murder with aggravating circumstances present. I believe life is sacred. It cheapens the life of an innocent murder victim to say that society has no right to keep the murderer from ever killing again. In my view, society has not only the right, but the duty to act in self defense to protect the innocent. Nevertheless, the value of the death penalty in our current system of justice is a limited one and should not be overstated. Because the death sentence is so rarely carried out, whatever deterrent value that exists is lessened in years of appeals and due process. Because of the unlimited power of Governors, judges, juries, and prosecutors to show mercy, the difference between those who receive the death penalty and those who do not is minimal. Finally, because the system allows it, the financial costs to state and local governments can be staggering.

64. Capital Punishment - The Death Penalty: Developments During 1997 To 1999 the US has executed 9 juvenile offenders during favor of the abolition of the deathpenalty for people all countries which still use capital punishment to have http://www.religioustolerance.org/execut1.htm

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT THE DEATH PENALTY: Developments: 1997 - 1999 incl. Click Here to Visit our Sponsors. Quotations: " He who is without sin among you, let him throw a stone at her first. " Yeshua of Nazareth (Jesus Christ) condemning a public execution of a woman for adultery." John 8:7, (NKJ) " Sometimes you just have the thin the herd. " Dennis Miller " Does it make sense to hire murderers to kill defenseless victims on death row, in order to prove that hiring murderers to kill defenseless victims is morally wrong ?" Anon. Click below to Visit one of our Sponsors: Recent developments 1997-FEB: American Bar Association: The Association asked that states and the Federal government stop executions until the system could be changed to ensure fairness and due process. They are concerned that under present conditions, there is significant risk of executing innocent persons. 1997-JUL: Death Penalty Information Center: The Center noted that from 1973 to that time, 69 inmates on death row had been released after having been declared innocent. Legislation which reduces inmates' appeal opportunities will result in swifter executions. This will increase the chances of the state killing innocent people. 1997-SEP: UN Human Rights Commission: Mr. Bacre Waly Ndiaye is a Senegalese lawyer and former official with Amnesty International. (One of AI's goals is the abolition of the death penalty). He is now working for the UN

65. Sites Opposing Capital Punishment We are executing juveniles and the mentally retarded. about the application of thedeath penalty can be L Mailing List Anticapital punishment; to subscribe http://crime.about.com/library/blfiles/blantidp.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Crime / Punishment Home Essentials ... MICHAEL JACKSON zau(256,152,180,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Current Cases Past Crimes and Criminals Issues and Controversies Courtroom and Forensics ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Crime / Punishment newsletter. Search Crime / Punishment Sites Opposing Capital Punishment by Bill Bickel Statistics Collected by your About/Crime Guide, a separate list of Death Penalty statistics. Race and the Death Penalty A series of articles that ask: How much does the race of the killer and victim matter? Racial Disparities in Death Penalty Cases President Clinton cites a "disturbing racial composition" of death penalty defendants. Kimberly Hohman, About's Race Relations Guide, discusses the issue. Related : Race and the Death Penalty: An About/Crime resource list. new In December of 2001, an Indiana man became the 100th American inmate to be freed as a result of DNA testing The Moratorium Campaign "The death penalty has failed as a public policy experiment. Innocent people are being sent to death row. It is applied with severe racial and economic bias. We are executing juveniles and the mentally retarded. And it is much more expensive than a life without parole sentence. Prudence demands that we stop executions and conduct a comprehensive review of the system. The Moratorium Campaign is calling for an immediate moratorium on executions so that these serious questions about the application of the death penalty can be reviewed."

66. Capital Punishment Strong opinions, and facts that are hard to reconcile with one another; withseparate lists of death penalty statistics and capital punishment and race http://crime.about.com/cs/thedeathpenalty/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Crime / Punishment Capital Punishment Home Essentials SCOTT PETERSON'S TRIAL DRU SJODIN ... MICHAEL JACKSON zau(256,152,180,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Current Cases Past Crimes and Criminals Issues and Controversies Courtroom and Forensics ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Crime / Punishment newsletter. Search Crime / Punishment Capital Punishment Alphabetical Recent Sites Supporting Capital Punishment Sites Opposing Capital Punishment ... Do You Support the Death Penalty? An About/Crime poll Statistics Collected by Your About Guide, a separate list of Death Penalty statistics. The Death Penalty and the Bible More Categories History of Death Penalty (6) Methods of Execution (3) The Juvenile Death Penalty @ more from your guide Darlie Routier/Death Penalty Chat Transcript We discussed, with members of a group working for her freedom, the case of a mother on death row for murdering her children; and we discussed the death penalty with members of two opposing groups. The Five-Year (Death) Plan [May 1999] A murderer is given the death penalty, with an innovative provision: If it's not carried out within 5 years, it's cancelled

67. HRW: The Death Penalty In The U.S.A. Human Rights Watch opposes capital punishment in all the death penalty, a form ofpunishment that is Measure; US Two More States Abolish Juvenile death penalty; http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/deathpenalty/

Home News Releases About HRW Contribute ... Contact Us Human Rights Watch opposes capital punishment in all circumstances because of its cruel and inhumane nature. The cornerstone of human rights is respect for the inherent dignity of all human beings and the inviolability of the human person. These principles cannot be reconciled with the death penalty, a form of punishment that is unique in its barbarity and finality. The intrinsic fallibility of all criminal justice systems assures that even when full due process of law is respected, innocent persons may be executed. Write to the Louisiana Legislature to End Juvenile Executions U.S.: New Hampshire Governor Vetoes Anti-Death Penalty Measure U.S.: Two More States Abolish Juvenile Death Penalty U.S.: Missouri Juvenile Offender Spared Death ... Breach of Trust: Physician Participation in Executions in the United States , 1994 Report Overview of the events of: Contribute to Human Rights Watch Home About Us News Releases ... Press Contacts

68. Updates: U.S.: Two More States Abolish Juvenile Death Penalty (March 4, 2004) 3 raising the minimum age for capital punishment in their prohibit the execution ofjuvenile offenders, including that have abolished the death penalty entirely http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/deathpenalty/docs/update030404.htm

Home News Releases About HRW Contribute ... Contact Us U.S.: Two More States Abolish Juvenile Death Penalty South Dakota and Wyoming End Executions for Crimes Committed by Children The governors of two states, South Dakota and Wyoming, each signed legislation on March 3 raising the minimum age for capital punishment in their states to 18. In the United States, 31 states and the federal government now prohibit the execution of juvenile offenders, including the 12 states that have abolished the death penalty entirely. Iran, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo are the only other countries that are known to defy the worldwide consensus that the death penalty should not be imposed on juvenile offenders. Related Material Focus on Capital Punishment Project for the Advancement of International Human Rights Law, Washington College of Law, American University Death Penalty Information Center At least nine other states, including Arizona, Kentucky, and Virginia, are considering raising the minimum age for capital punishment to 18.. Most recently, New Hampshire's Senate on February 19 passed such a bill, which now goes to the state House of Representatives for consideration. These steps follow the national trend in recent years. Indiana abolished the death penalty for juvenile offenders in 2002, as did Montana in 1999. A month ago, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to reconsider the question of whether executing juvenile offenders violates the Constitution's ban on "cruel and unusual punishment." In its last decision on the issue, in 1989, the court held that states may impose capital punishment on those who were 16 and 17 at the time of their crimes.

69. Death Penalty the US since the death penalty was reinstated has banned executions of juvenile offendersbut probably engendered more anticapital punishment sentiment than http://www.karisable.com/crpundeath.htm

Books Articles News Resources ... Government Punishment: Death Penalty E-mail Discussion Lists Message Board Guestbook Home ... Computer Crimes No peace without justice, no justice without forgiveness: This is what in this Message I wish to say to believers and unbelievers alike, to all men and women of good will who are concerned for the good of the human family and for its future. No peace without justice, no justice without forgiveness: This is what I wish to say to those responsible for the future of the human community, entreating them to be guided in their weighty and difficult decisions by the light of man´s true good, always with a view to the common good. No peace without justice, no justice without forgiveness: I shall not tire of repeating this warning to those who, for one reason or another, nourish feelings of hatred, a desire for revenge or the will to destroy. On this World Day of Peace, may a more intense prayer rise from the hearts of all believers for the victims of terrorism, for their families so tragically stricken, for all the peoples who continue to be hurt and convulsed by terrorism and war.

70. Execution Of Child Offenders - Amnesty International USA's Program To Abolish Th Juvenile Offenders Executed since 1976. FACTS The use of the death penalty for crimescommitted under its laws in 1997 to abolish capital punishment for child http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/juvexec.html

Death Penalty Home Featured Death Penalty Action Abolition Flashcard Subscribe to AIUSA's email newsletter on the death penalty About the Program Death Penalty in The U.S. Pending Executions 2002 Executions 2001 Executions 2000 Executions ... Methods of Execution in the U.S. Key Topics Innocence Executions of Juvenile Offenders Execution of Persons with Mental Retardation Execution of Foreign Nationals Racial Discrimination in Executions AI Reports Fact Sheets Juveniles Deterrence Mental Retardation Mental Illness ... Death Penalty Links The Death Penalty in America Twenty-Five Years After Gregg v. Georgia Execution of Child Offenders as of August 30, 2002 Amnesty International is opposed to the death penalty in all cases. However, the execution of children is particularly outrageous. International standards exempt children from the death penalty, not to excuse their crimes or to belittle the suffering of their victims, but in recognition of their immaturity and capacity for change. As a principled message of hope, international standards call upon governments to respond to child offenders by maximizing the potential for their eventual successful reintegration into society. Juvenile Offenders on Death Row [ Source: Death Row, U.S.A.

71. History Of Capital Punishment Victor Streib The Juvenile death penalty Today (2001). Popular writings on capitalpunishment. Hugo Adam Bedau The Case Against the death penalty (1997). http://www.helsinki.fi/~tuschano/cp/

History of Capital Punishment The Rawlins Frontier Prison gas chamber in Wyoming, last used in 1965 Some of the available net resources on the history of capital punishment. If you think something interesting is missing, let me know and I'll check it out. Historical information by state Belgium Projet de loi portant abolition de la peine de mort et modifiant les peines criminelles (abolition bill, 1996, has become law since) Canada At the End of the Rope The Death Penalty in Canada: Twenty Years of Abolition Removal of the Death Penalty (information on abolition bill, 1997, has become law since) France Abolition de la peine de mort (abolition law, 1981) La peine de mort dans le monde (a simply superb site with special reference to France) United Kingdom Abolition in the United Kingdom Derek Bentley (executed for a murder he did not commit, 1953) R. v. Bentley (decision quashing Bentley's conviction, 1998) Bristol's Last Hanging in December 1963 Capital Punishment in the United Kingdom with list of executions, 1900-1964 The Law and Practice of Capital Punishment in the Isle of Man David Pacey's Genealogy Web Site with list of executions, 1868-1964

72. Stop Capital Punishment And The Abolition Of The Death Penalty Links www.abanet.org Catholics Against capital punishment http//www www.angelfire.com/al4/juvenilesAlabama Project Hope to Abolish the death penalty http//www http://www.stopcapitalpunishment.org/abolitionist.html

"Stop Capital Punishment Now!" This site is dedicated to abolition projects. Only total abolition can stop all state killing. Links Main The Ryan Campaign The Canadian Abolition Project Canadian Projects ... Canadian Resources Abolition Organizations and Web Sites Here is a list of links to web site's around the World that support an end to capital punishment and the abolition of the death penalty. Amnesty International's Death Penalty Abolition News and Updates http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish Belgium French-speaking United States Coordination of Amnesty International http://www.aibfusa.be.tf Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty http://ccadp.org Campaign to End the Death Penalty http://www.nodeathpenalty.org Sant'Egidio Community http://www.santegidio.org

73. Sniper Case Revisits Juvenile Death Penalty Csmonitor.com Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor. Proponents of the juvenile deathpenalty have a new threeword pitch for why capital punishment should not be http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1121/p02s01-usju.html

74. Looking At The Death Penalty punishment and the death penalty Ethics Updated and a guide to A summary from Kentucky sCapital PostConviction Unit, Dept. juveniles the death penalty. http://www.uncp.edu/home/vanderhoof/death.html

P ROF D AVID'S D EATH P ENALTY R ESOURCES http://www.uncp.edu/home/vanderhoof/ The Final Exam A Press Release The Decision Memo A Cooperative Learning Experience, Spring 2000, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke David J.W. Vanderhoof, Assistant Professor. The syllabi for The Death Penalty and an online Death Penalty seminar. Looking at the Death Penalty. Do you have an opnion? Is it reasoned and informed? Democracy works best with informed and expressive citizens. Forum add your 2 cents http://www.uncp.edu/home/vanderhoof/ The Death Penalty In The News The Failure of the Death Penalty in Illinois , a series of articled which appreaed in the Chicago Tribune . The Rae Carruth Saga , from NFL highlight film to mug shot Will the death penalty follow? The Saga of Anthony Porter Lynching at Gallows Harbor Evil isn't supposed to visit places like Clearfield, Pa. where a group of teens hung a 15-year old learning disabled girl then bashed her face with a rock for fear she would reveal that they planned to run away to Florida. Convicted but spared a Death Sentence . Upon hearing the verdict the victim's parents asked the D.A. not o seek the death penalty as planned. The Judge called it "one of the finest, unselfish examples I've seen," but was it?

75. VoteMatch: Death Penalty death penalty has been unfairly implemented, especially along racial and class lines.And the mistakes that are made cannot be rectified, so capital punishment http://www.issues2000.org/VoteMatch/q5.asp

VoteMatch Death Penalty POSITIONS Strongly Support means you believe: An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a life for a life. The death penalty is appropriate punishment for murder, as a form of justice regardless of the deterrence effect. Support means you believe: The death penalty and other strict forms of law enforcement will reduce the crime rate by removing criminals from the streets and by deterring others from criminal acts. Capital punishment laws should be enforced, although perhaps adjusted to ensure a fair process and to avoid mistakes. Oppose means you believe: The death penalty has been unfairly implemented, especially along racial and class lines. And the mistakes that are made cannot be rectified, so capital punishment should be banned. Strongly Oppose means you believe: State-sanctioned killing is wrong. Capital punishment should be abolished as a form of 'cruel and unusual punishment.' This question is looking for your views on whether capital punishment is "cruel and unusual " under the 8th Amendment. However you answer the above question would be similar to your response to these statements: Capital punishment is effective No one has proven a "wrongful death" in any modern state executions

76. The Lantern Online Published Wednesday, January 28, 2004. capital punishment law could be in whetherthey would reaffirm or abolish the death penalty for juvenile offenders. http://www.thelantern.com/news/2004/01/28/Opinion/Too-Young.To.Die-590024.shtml

document.write(''+''); Current Issue: document.write(currentissuedayname + ', ' + currentissuemonthname + ' ' + currentissueday + ', ' + currentissueyear); Home Campus Sports Arts ... Opinion Too young to die? Death penalty should include youth Published: Wednesday, January 28, 2004 Capital punishment law could be in for a change, as the Supreme Court set a July 2005 deadline to determine whether they would reaffirm or abolish the death penalty for juvenile offenders. The court announced Monday that the justices would hear an appeal of the Missouri Supreme Court ruling on the execution of convicted murderer Christopher Simmons. The Missouri Supreme Court said their ruling, which deemed the execution of Simmons would be "cruel and unusual punishment," was made based on the constitutional reasoning behind the Supreme Court's 2002 ruling banning the execution of mentally retarded offenders. Capital punishment laws for juveniles prohibit the execution of killers younger than 16, and while capital punishment can be recommended for juveniles between 16 or 17 years old, it is rarely invoked. According to The Washington Post's article, "A Death Penalty Revisited," "The basic argument against the death penalty for murderers younger than 18 is that they, like the moderately mentally retarded, may be held accountable for their actions - but lack the emotional and intellectual maturity to qualify for a penalty society reserves for its most blameworthy wrongdoers."

77. Digging A Grave For Capital Punishment? Poll revealed that 68 per cent of Americans supported capital punishment. of statesthat authorize death by Injection 37. of juveniles executed since 1976 18. http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/0511-05.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Saturday, May 11, 2002 in the Digging a Grave for Capital Punishment? State moratoriums have some in the U.S. predicting the end is near. by John Ibbitson They killed Lynda Block yesterday. The state of Alabama strapped her into Yellow Mama, as the chair is called, and poured 2,200 volts of electricity through her until a doctor pronounced her well and truly dead. The day before, the Governor of Maryland had put a temporary halt to executions in his state, joining what many believe is a swelling tide of government restraint that could see the death penalty eliminated in the United States, not in one grand gesture, but state by state, act by humanitarian act. But supporters of the death penalty say capital punishment is alive and well in the United States. And two economists have produced a report that maintains homicide rates actually increase when death-penalty moratoriums are imposed. Ms. Block, 53, was the first woman put to death in Alabama since 1957. (Nine years ago, Ms. Block and her common-law husband murdered a police officer during an identity check in a Wal-Mart parking lot. Her husband, too, is on death row. The two believed most of the U.S. government is illegitimate.)

78. Survey On Capital Punishment on a number of public attitudes concerning capital punishment. would you prefer asa punishment in special penalty should be imposed on juveniles, with only http://webcom.com/peace/PEACTREE/fcl/survey-dp89.html

CALIFORNIANS' ATTITUDES ABOUT THE DEATH PENALTY

79. William Schabas, “Islam And The Death Penalty” is little consensus even among Moslems as to the scope of capital punishment. Yemen,on the other hand, recently banned the juvenile death penalty, although it http://pewforum.org/deathpenalty/resources/reader/15.php3

Islam and the Death Penalty William Schabas This bloc of Islamic states quite regularly and vocally insists that its position is the inexorable consequence of Moslem law.  ISLAMIC LAW DOCTRINE ON THE DEATH PENALTY A stereotypical presentation of Islam suggests that it is a conservative, misogynistic, and retributive religion. Even those with only a superficial acquaintance with the subject know better, of course. As in all religions, there are progressive and reactionary currents of thought. Even so-called “Islamic” states differ widely on many aspects of religious doctrine. Thus, in the international debates it is troubling to hear blunt pronouncements affirming that “Islam favors capital punishment,” as if this view meets with unanimous and unqualified support throughout the Moslem world.  Despite popular impressions to the contrary, Moslem penal law is characterized by a strong undercurrent of clemency and sympathy for the oppressed. Punishment is ordered to be free of any spirit of vengeance or torture. Islam professes the basic principle that everyone has the right to life. However, this principle, stated in the Koran, allows for an exception. Killing is only allowed when a court of law demands it: “Do not kill a Soul which Allah has made sacred except through the due process of law.” Therefore, this exception authorizes the administration of capital punishment when Islamic law dictates. Intriguingly, the Islamic law position would seem to be the same as that found in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and such international instruments as the European Convention on Human Rights.

80. CJBS: Capital Punishment capital punishment Some associated socialpsychological factors. Criminal Justiceand Behavior, 10, 195-208. Ogloff, JRP (1987). The juvenile death penalty A http://www.cpa.ca/ogloff.htm

Capital Punishment: Arguments for Life and Death Jennifer C. Honeyman and James R.P. Ogloff Reprinted from the Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science Volume 28: 1 January, 1996 Abstract Method Results Discussion ... Arguments For and Against the Death Penalty Abstract Despite capital punishment having been abolished in Canada 20 years ago, the majority of Canadians continue to favour the death penalty as a sentencing option. In this study, a 2 x 6 design was employed to investigate the effects that argument position (for or against the death penalty) and type of justification for punishment (deterrence, morality, rehabilitation, incapacitation, economic, and possibility of mistake) have on participants' sentence recommendations for a defendant found guilty of first degree murder. Results indicated that only those arguments in favour of the death penalty, based on retribution, economics, and impossibility of mistake, were effective in influencing participants to recommend that the accused be sentenced to death. Compared to participants who recommended a life sentence, those who recommended the death penalty were found to have significantly higher scores on a measure of vengeance. A lthough the Parliament of Canada abolished the death penalty as a sentencing option in 1976 (Amnesty International, 1987), a majority of Canadians (approximately 65-75%) have indicated that they would support a return of the death penalty (Reid, 1987). Furthermore, calls for the reintroduction of the death penalty by politicians and others occur frequently. As a result of the public's apparent support for capital punishment, and the possibility of its return, it is important to continue studying factors that influence people's attitudes regarding the death penalty.

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