21. CNN Student News - Sniper Case Crystallizes Opinions On Juvenile Death Penalty - Tuell remains opposed to the death penalty for juveniles. you do have to face theultimate punishment. . Though 22 states allow capital punishment for crimes http://www.cnn.com/2003/fyi/news/03/04/sniper.trial/

>News SEARCH This site CNN.com SI.com CNNfn.com The Web Select a section: ON TV Sign up for the Daily Guide and Weekly Update! Send us your comments and questions. Daily guide Guide Archives CNN Student News is a TV program for classrooms that airs on CNN Headline News. Set your VCR to record CNN Student News from 3:12am to 3:22am ET Monday - Friday. In partnership with: Sniper case crystallizes opinions on juvenile death penalty March 4, 2003 Posted: 1:50 AM EST (0650 GMT) Lee Boyd Malvo, center A circuit court judge in Fairfax, Virginia decided Monday to prohibit the use of television cameras or still photography during the upcoming trial of suspected sniper Lee Boyd Malvo, aka John Lee Malvo. The judge was concerned that too much television coverage of the case could bias potential jurors in other related trials. The decision came during a hearing when defense attorneys and prosecutors filed 13 motions in the case. The 18-year-old sniper suspect attentively watched the proceedings. His attorneys were granted the right to screen potential jurors in small groups for sensitive questions. Defense attorneys were also allowed to hire three investigators to help them sort through the evidence in the case. Prosecutors say Malvo was part of the "sniper team" that operated throughout the Washington, D.C. area last fall. Malvo allegedly worked with John Allen Muhammad, another sniper suspect, to carry out a string of attacks that spanned as many as six states.

22. Death Penalty - Faith And Values Should death penalty apply to 16year-olds? October 31, 2002 Florida voteson the issue, while capital punishment for juveniles draws attention in the http://www.faithandvalues.com/channels/death-penalty.asp?source=overture

23. Signs Of The Times - Dewey Cornell Comments About The Death May 2004. capital punishment Dewey Cornell CommentsAbout the death penalty for juveniles. Search for http://www.loper.org/~george/trends/2004/May/996.html

May 2004 Capital Punishment: Dewey Cornell Comments About the Death Penalty for Juveniles Search for: Home George, My work as the defense mitigation expert on the Lee Malvo case brought me up to date on the status of the death penalty for juveniles in the United States. The U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to hear a case this year from Missouri (Roper v Simmons) that could decide the constitutionality of the death penalty for persons under age 18. In a 1989 decision (Thompson v Oklahoma), the Supreme Court already declared it to be cruel and unusual punishment to execute persons under the age of 16. The argument against the death penalty for juveniles is based on our society's longstanding recognition that juveniles are cognitively and emotionally less mature than adults, and therefore are less culpable than adults. We do not permit juveniles many legal rights of adults such as the right to vote and the right to enter into contracts so it would seem evident that we do not consider them as fully responsible as adults. The critical issue for the Court seems to be whether the "evolving standards of decency" in our society have reached a general consensus against the execution of juveniles. In the Thompson case, the Supreme Court went so far as to tabulate the status of the death penalty in each state in order to gauge whether there was sufficient evidence that our society has evolved to a point where the execution of juveniles would be considered cruel and unusual punishment. By a slim margin, they decided there was sufficient evidence of a consensus against executing 15 year olds, but not clearly a consensus against executing 16 and 17 year olds.

24. The Death Penalty Gives Up On Juvenile Offenders 69 percent of Americans oppose capital punishment for juvenile for the execution ofjuvenile offenders considered that would ban the death penalty for juvenile http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/juveniles.html

Death Penalty Home About the Death Penalty Program to Abolish the Death Penalty (PADP) About the Program Select State and National Updates Upcoming Events Weekend of Faith in Action ... Abolition Flashcard Subscribe to AIUSA's email newsletter on the death penalty Online Forum on the Death Penalty Join the discussion Take Action Death Penalty in the U.S. AI Reports Case Updates Gregg vs. Georgia Fact Sheets Death Penalty Juveniles Deterrence Mental Retardation ... Death Penalty Links Send a Postcard! Tell a friend about Amnesty's work Death Penalty Facts The Death Penalty Gives Up On Juvenile Offenders. An almost universal prohibition exists on the execution of persons who were under the age of 18 at the time of the crime. Stop Child Executions! As a step towards the total abolition of the death penalty around the world, Amnesty International has launched an international campaign calling for an end to the use of the death penalty against child offenders. GET INVOLVED! Since 2000, only five countries in the world are known to have executed juvenile offenders: China, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Iran, Pakistan, and the United States. Pakistan and China have abolished the juvenile death penalty, but there have been problems in nationwide compliance with the law.

25. Criminal Justice Resources: Death Penalty many of which deal with juveniles and the Includes (1) Is the death penalty Unjust? Justices Harry A the American System of capital punishment by Jack http://www.lib.msu.edu/harris23/crimjust/death.htm

CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESOURCES Death Penalty In the U.S., according to David Elliot of the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, "since 1976, 767 people have been put to death ... .And with 100 exonerations of death-row inmates in the past 25 years, he says he can only conclude that innocents have been executed. Indeed, polls do suggest public attitudes are influenced by these exonerationsparticularly since DNA testing became a tool to prove innocence, or guilt, conclusively. Though a majority of Americans still support the death penalty in murder cases, the Gallup Poll shows that support dropped from an all-time high of 80 percent in 1994 to 67 percent in 2001." Source: "US Milestone: 100th Death-Row Inmate Exonerated", The Christian Science Monitor v.94 no.97 (12 Apr 2002): p.1-2 About.Com Death Penalty Resources http://crime.about.com/cs/thedeathpenalty/ (Last checked 03/25/04) American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center Death Penalty Web Links http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/linkdeath.html Compilation of resources, many of which deal with juveniles and the death penalty. (Last checked 03/25/04) American Civil Liberties Union Death Penalty Campaign http://www.aclu.org/DeathPenalty/DeathPenaltyMain.cfm

26. ReligionLink Nov. 4, 2002: Is The Juvenile Death Penalty Dying Out? on the death penalty. Contact executive director Richard Dieter, 202293-6970. •The American Bar Association opposes capital punishment for juveniles and http://www.religionwriters.com/public/tips/110402/110402a.shtml

BLOGS HERE AND THERE John Dart Don Lattin Debra Mason ... Jeffrey Weiss (for Dallas Morning News SEARCH OUR SITE ADVANCED SEARCH Why Can't I Receive RNA Communications? ANNUAL CONFERENCE Virtual Tradeshow 2003/2004 Conference Washington, D.C. September 10-12, 2004 SEATTLE September 5-7, 2003 CONTEST WINNERS EVENTS AND CONTESTS VIDEO AND AUDIO NOVEMBER 4, 2002 DEATH PENALTY Is the juvenile death penalty dying out? The federal and state tug-of-war over who will try 17-year-old suspected sniper John Lee Malvo first illustrates society's dilemma over whether to execute kids who kill. It's a debate that, on Oct. 21, the U.S. Supreme Court steered back to state legislatures. Though the court declined to consider abolishing executions of juveniles on a 5-4 vote, the dissenting justices condemned the practice. Justice John Paul Stevens said since the court upheld the death penalty for juvenile killers in 1989, a national consensus against such executions has developed. Is that true? In recent years, Indiana, Montana and Kansas have banned the execution of people who were under 18 at the time of their crimes. Twenty-two states currently permit execution of juveniles, although only six - Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia - have executed juveniles since 1990, for a total of 18 juvenile executions. Legislation to bar the juvenile death penalty is active in 10 states: Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Texas. Nationally, eighty-two convicts are on Death Row for crimes committed as juveniles.

27. Death Penalty For Juveniles Under Scrutiny Csmonitor.com unease with the current use of the death penalty. backdrop, views on execution ofjuveniles vary. Supreme Court considers when deciding capitalpunishment cases http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0827/p02s01-usju.html

28. EXECUTIONS NEWS EXECUTION NEWS | HavenWorks.com/executions Death Penalty Capital 20021031. Should death penalty apply to 16year-olds? Florida votes on the issue,while capital punishment for juveniles draws attention in the sniper case http://havenworks.com/executions/

Haven Works .com executions ... Top EXECUTIONS News: Virginia News Sniper Virginia Judge Formally Sentences Sniper John Muhammad to Death. " ... "John Allen Muhammad, of two men accused in the sniper-shooting deaths of 10 people in the Washington, D.C., area in 2002, was sentenced to death by a Virginia judge today for murdering a man at a gas station." ... "A jury in Virginia Beach, Virginia, convicted Muhammad of capital murder, terrorism, conspiracy and firearms violations in November for the death of Dean Harold Meyers, 53, who was gunned down in Manassas, Virginia, in October 2002. Meyers was the seventh sniper victim." - By Chris Dolmetsch Bloomberg Religion Aum guru gets death. " ... "Aum Shinrikyo founder Chizuo Matsumoto was sentenced to death today for masterminding a deadly reign of terror that culminated in the 1995 sarin gas attacks on the Tokyo subway system." ... "Matsumoto, 48, faced 13 charges involving the deaths of 27 people." ... "The key charges concerned a sarin nerve-gas attack in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, in 1994 that killed seven people and left hundreds injured; the slayings of anti-Aum lawyer Tsutsumi Sakamoto, his wife and infant son in 1989; and the subway attack that killed 12 and sickened thousands." ... "Matsumoto, who went by the name of Shoko Asahara, is the 12th cultist to receive the death sentence." Asahi Shimbun English Minutes before execution, killer admits to more murders.

29. WebQuest struggle against the death penalty includes a piece on the death penalty for juveniles,racism and mental retardation and capital punishment, and life on death http://coe.west.asu.edu/students/ahudson/WebQuest.html

30. EUROPEAN UNION MEMORANDUM ON THE DEATH PENALTY the death penalty; imposition of capital punishment on pregnant the imposition ofthe death penalty on persons reject the idea of incorrigibility of juveniles. http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/DeathPenalty/eumemorandum.htm

European Union Delegation of the European Commission to the United States 2300 M Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 Telephone: (202) 862-9500 Fax: (202) 429-1766 EU Home Death Penalty EU POLICY ON THE DEATH PENALTY EU MEMORANDUM ON THE DEATH PENALTY "If I can prove that this punishment is neither useful nor necessary, I will have furthered the cause of humanity." Cesare Beccaria, Dei delitti e delle pene Europe: Road to Abolition 2.The Common Basis for Abolition: Values, Principles and Criminal Policy 3.Envisaging Altenative Sanctions 4.International Context ... 5.Juvenile Justice The European Union (EU) is opposed to the death penalty in all cases and has consistently espoused its universal abolition, working towards this goal. In countries which maintain the death penalty, the EU aims at the progressive restriction of its scope and respect for the strict conditions, set forth in several international human rights instruments, under which the capital punishment may be used, as well as at the establishment of a moratorium on executions so as to completely eliminate the death penalty. The EU is deeply concerned about the increasing number of executions in the United States of America (USA), all the more since the great majority of executions since reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976 have been carried out in the 1990s. Furthermore, it is permitted to sentence to death and execute young offenders aged under 18 at the time of the commission of the crime, in clear infringement of internationally-recognised human rights norms.

31. European Union & The Death Penalty (Capital Punishment) expressly prohibit the execution of juveniles, specifically the not to impose thedeath penalty on a any penalty other than capital punishment, in accordance http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/DeathPenalty/SimmonsMOGovLett.htm

European Union Delegation of the European Commission to the United States 2300 M Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 Telephone: (202) 862-9500 Fax: (202) 429-1766 EU Home Death Penalty EU POLICY ON THE DEATH PENALTY April 17, 2002 Hon. Governor Bob Holden Missouri Capitol Building Room # 216 PO Box 720 Jefferson City, Missouri 65101-0720 Dear Mr. Governor, On behalf of the European Union, Spain as its current president, together with Denmark, its subsequent president, and the European Commission, we would like to convey to you an urgent humanitarian appeal to spare the life of Christopher Simmons who has been sentenced to death and is scheduled to be executed in May 1 st As stated in the EU Memorandum on the Death Penalty ( http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/DeathPenalty/eumemorandum.htm ) which has been shared with you, the European Union is opposed to the death penalty in all cases and accordingly aims at its universal abolition, seeking a global moratorium on the death penalty as a first step. In the case of Mr. Simmons, the following factors are of special concern:

32. Death Penalty to Religion, Bush and Gore, juveniles, and death various articles on the death penaltyissue capital capital punishment http//www.frontiernet.com/~kenc/cappun http://talkjustice.com/links.asp?453053911

33. Coordinating Council Meeting Materials - Juveniles, Capital Punishment, And Sent (1998) capital punishment 1997. (1998) The Juvenile death penalty Today deathSentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1973 October 1998. http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/council/march1999/juveniles.html

var strIP = '67.18.104.18'; Background Information March 1999 Juveniles, Capital Punishment, and Sentencing The Council's practitioner members have identified the issue of unduly severe sentences for juveniles (capital punishment or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole) as a problem that merits attention. In light of this concern, the practitioner members have prepared a statement on severe sentences for presentation and discussion. History Historians note that the first execution of a condemned American juvenile took place in 1642. In the years from this date until January 1998, a total of 356 persons were executed for crimes committed as juveniles, representing approximately 1.8 percent of all confirmed American executions (Streib, 1998). The current American death penalty era began in 1972, when the Furman v. Georgia Supreme Court decision struck down all existing death penalty statutes. Sentencing under post-Furman statutes began in 1973, but the constitutionality of those laws was not determined until Gregg v. Georgia (1976), when the Supreme Court reopened the path for executions (Sickmund, 1997). Current Information In 1998, 38 States and the Federal Government had statutes authorizing the death penalty; 14 jurisdictions remained without the death penalty (Streib, 1998). Of the 39 jurisdictions authorizing death sentences, 14 States and the Federal Government have set 18 as the minimum age for execution. Four States have set age 17 as the minimum, and the remaining 20 States have a minimum age of 16 either by statutory expression or by default pursuant to the Thompson ruling (Snell, 1998; Streib, 1998).

34. CheatHouse.com - Death Penalty capital punishment should never be sanctioned Essay on Opposing thedeath penalty with Bibliograpgy - The death penalty and juveniles. http://www.cheathouse.com/elist/359-death-penalty.html

The Death Penalty Death Penalty and the Eight Amendment This Essay is about Why The Death Penalty should be used more in our society. IT contains statistics, facts, and figures having to do with capital punishment. I got a 94% The Death Penalty The Death Penalty Death Penalty and the Eight Amendment This Essay is about Why The Death Penalty should be used more in our society. IT contains statistics, facts, and figures having to do with capital punishment. I got a 94% The Death Penalty ... 1995-2004, Loadstone

35. CheatHouse.com - Capital Punishment For Juveniles- I Believe This To Be A Well W capital punishment for juveniles i believe this to be a well written arguementivepaper stating juveniles should not recieve death penalty. Note! http://www.cheathouse.com/eview/24695-capital-punishment-for-juveniles-i-belie.h

Debate about the use of the death penalty for juveniles has grown more intense because of the demand for harsher punishment for serious and violent juvenile offenders and numerous contentions to the death penalty's legality. A recent poll of Oklahoma residents revealed that 62.8% of those surveyed Capital Punishment for Juveniles- i believe this to be a well written arguementive paper stating juveniles should not recieve death penalty Note! The sentences in this essay are shuffled, making this essay unusable If you want to read the essay in it's original and proper state, click here. We use this page for our internal search engine, and it's not meant to be viewable. Controversial Issues Home Essays [LOGIN] ... 1995-2004, Loadstone

36. Resolution On The Death Penalty In The United States in cases where the death penalty is applied to juveniles (Grisso Schwartz, 2000;Lewis et al., 1988); and. WHEREAS capital punishment appears statistically http://www.apa.org/pi/deathpenalty.html

The Death Penalty In The United States WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS THEREFORE , BE IT RESOLVED, that the American Psychological Association: Calls upon each jurisdiction in the United States that imposes capital punishment not to carry out the death penalty until the jurisdiction implements policies and procedures that can be shown through psychological and other social science research to ameliorate the deficiencies identified above. References Bailey, W. C. (1990). Murder, capital punishment, and television execution publicity and homicide rates. American Sociological Review, 55, 628-633. Bailey, W. C. (1983). Disaggregation in deterrence and death penalty research: The case of murder in Chicago. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 74(3), 827-859. Bersoff, D.N. (1987). Social science data and the Supreme Court: Lockhart as a case in point. American Psychologist, 42(1), 52-58. Bowers, W. J. (1983). The pervasiveness of arbitrariness and discrimination under post-Furman capital statutes. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 74(2), 1067-1100. Bowers, W.J. (1988). The effect of execution is brutalization, not deterrence. In K.C. Haas and J.A. Inciardi (Eds.). Challenging capital punishment: Legal and social science approaches (49-90). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

37. Capital Punishment/Death Penalty QUOTE Condemning the capital punishment system as fundamentally flawed and 3 JusticesCall for Reviewing death Sentences for juveniles August 30 http://www.fairness.com/resources/by-metacat?metacat_id=357

38. Capital Punishment, Debate, Arguments Against The Death Penalty Alabama juveniles on death Row. Alabama death Row. SPECIAL SERIES ILLINOIS FAILUREOF THE death penalty. Indiana Citizens to Abolish capital punishment (ICACP). http://www.creativeideasforyou.com/States_Captial_Punishment.html

Creative Ideas Home Page History Products Services ... Email me: DB @ CI State Death Penalty Links Here are a couple of helpful links: Human Rights and Death Penalty this site has a wide ranging set of links. The other is similar, also having a wide range of Death Penalty links to choose from Death Penalty Links Alabama: Project Hope to Abolish the DP Webpage Alabama ... WASHINGTON

39. Capital Punishment: A Pollak Library Research Guide SEARCH juveniles and capital punishment Juvenile Justice, CQ Researcher, 02/25/1994. Kids in Prison, CQ Researcher, 04/27/2001. death penalty Update, CQ http://guides.library.fullerton.edu/cap_punish/

Pollak Library Research Guides Special Topics CAPITAL PUNISHMENT Capital Punishment A Guide To Resources In CSUF's Pollak Library Encyclopedias Statistics Books Articles ... top Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE HV8694 .P35 2001 Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE HV6017 .E52 2002 Vol. 1-4 Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE HV6017 .E524 2002 American Attitudes [in INDEX , see DEATH PENALTY CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE HN90.P8 M58 1998 American Justice CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE KF154 .A44 1996 Vol. 1-3 American Law Yearbook 1998 CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE KF154 .W472 1998 Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE HV8699.U5 K76 1993 Congressional Quarterly's Desk Reference on American Criminal Justice CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE HV9950 .B364 2001 Dictionary of American Criminal Justice: Key Terms and Major Supreme Court Cases CATALOG RECORD REFERENCE HV7411 .C53 1998

40. Editorial - Capital Punishment For Youth capital punishment for Youth by Chris B. the death penalty as the standard punishmentfor murder. Executions of juveniles began in 1642 with Thomas Granger http://www.m-a-h.net/inkdroppings/cb-punishment.htm

[home] [read editorials] [read poetry] [about webmistress] ... [contact] Capital Punishment for Youth by Chris B. How can murder be taken seriously, if the penalty isn't equally as serious? A crime, after all, is only as severe as the punishment that follows it. As Edward Koch once said: "It is by exacting the highest penalty for the taking of human life, that we affirm the highest value of human life." Our society needs to reconsider the death penalty as the standard punishment for murder. To deter crime and make the death penalty more effective we should not condone murders that children between 11-17 commit. Executions of juveniles began in 1642 with Thomas Granger, Plymouth Colony, MA. In the 350 years since that time, approximately 346 persons have been executed for juvenile crimes. The current age of juvenile offenders on death row range between nineteen and thirty nine. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, there have only been 9 executions of inmates sentenced for juvenile crimes. Statistics obtained for the US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, maintains that 13 percent of the death row population were under the age of nineteen, at the time of arrest. They also state that 2.2 percent of the population were seventeen or under at the time of arrest. As of December 31, 1997, there were 67 juvenile arrests on death row. Their time there, ranges between two weeks to over 19 years. All 67 were there for murder and their total victim count was 89. These are more than just statistics, these are children who kill.

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