41. Capital Punishment in the criminal justice system, does it likewise hold that there is discriminationwith regard to capital punishment? The US Solicitor general, in his amicus http://www.probe.org/docs/cap-pun.html

Capital Punishment Kerby Anderson Should Christians support the death penalty? The answer to that question is controversial. Many Christians feel that the Bible has spoken to the issue, but others believe that the New Testament ethic of love replaces the Old Testament law. Old Testament Examples Throughout the Old Testament we find many cases in which God commands the use of capital punishment. We see this first with the acts of God Himself. God was involved, either directly or indirectly, in the taking of life as a punishment for the nation of Israel or for those who threatened or harmed Israel. One example is the flood of Noah in Genesis 6-8. God destroyed all human and animal life except that which was on the ark. Another example is Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen. 18-19), where God destroyed the two cities because of the heinous sin of the inhabitants. In the time of Moses, God took the lives of the Egyptians' first-born sons (Exod. 11) and destroyed the Egyptian army in the Red Sea (Exod. 14). There were also punishments such as the punishment at Kadesh-Barnea (Num. 13-14) or the rebellion of Korah (Num. 16) against the Jews wandering in the wilderness. The Old Testament is replete with references and examples of God taking life. In a sense, God used capital punishment to deal with Israel's sins and the sins of the nations surrounding Israel.

42. Recent Attention To The Accelerated Use Of The Death Penalty social issues. Since 1980, the United Methodist Church general Conferenceactions have opposed capital punishment SOCIAL PRINCIPLES http://gbgm-umc.org/global_news/full_article.cfm?articleid=401

43. Kearl's Guide To The Sociology Of Death: Moral Debates attitudes toward capital punishment, abortion, and physicianassisted death (euthanasia)?Looking at the combined 1996-2000 NORC general Social Surveys, let us http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/death-5.html

M ORAL D EBATES O F O UR T IMES A BORTION The year began in 1998 with numerous media reflections on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Supreme Court's landmark Roe vs. Wade decision and the thirty to thirty-five million abortions that the ruling legalized. (In fact, three years earlier in 1995, Norma McCorvey [known as Jane Roe], the woman whose fight for the right to an abortion led to the 1973 Supreme Court decision, said that she disavowed her position and had been baptized by the national head of the anti-abortion group Operation Rescue.) In January of that year, a New York Times /CBS News telephone survey of 1,101 Americans found one- half viewing "abortion [as] the same thing as murdering a child" and a general preference toward restricting the procedure. For instance, when asked whether a pregnant woman should be able to get a legal abortion if her pregnancy would force her to interrupt her career, only 25% said yesdown from 37% in 1989. With the conclusion of this anniversary year, studies of The Alan Guttmacher Institute found a decrease in the number of abortion providers in the United States and reported the lowest abortion rate since 1975. (Click here for the

44. Capital Punishment In Modern British Law And Culture probably changed its general attitude since 1956. After the House of Commons hadonce again recorded its favouring total abolition of capital punishment on a http://web1.pipemedia.net/~sar/bentley/cp-uk.html

Capital Punishment in Modern British Law and Culture by T. P. Uschanov tuschano@cc.helsinki.fi Capital punishment in Britain before 1965 The law on capital punishment prior to 1957 The 1955-1957 debate and the 1957 Homicide Act ... The public and the modern Execution Experience 1. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN BRITAIN BEFORE 1965 1.1. The law on capital punishment prior to 1957 What is often forgotten these days is that before the historic decisions in 1964 and 1965, the possibility of hanging had already been restricted in Britain to a very small number of murders with special circumstances. In fact a big factor in the final abolition bill's success was that it was widely felt that a sensible division to capital and non-capital murders, as attempted with the legislation then in effect, had turned out to be impossible. Parliament's finally finding hangings entirely inappropriate was the end result of a long process. The use of death as punishment, already known from the earliest history of Britain, reached its all-time peak in the 18th century, when Parliament continuously enlarged the already long list of capital crimes. Finally over two hundred offences were punishable by death, among them stealing in a shop to the value of five shillings, stealing anything at all privily from a person, sending threatening letters, sacrilege, and cutting down a tree (Trevelyan 1944:304-5; Bishop 1965:185). Starting in the 1820s, this 'bloody code' was gradually repealed, partly owing to the general rise of humanitarianism and enlightenment, but also because juries were less and less willing to convict people for theft and other minor felonies if that meant they were to die (Trevelyan 1944:305 and 446-7).

45. Capital Punishment/Death Penalty the cases in the New York region in which Attorney general John Ashcroft QUOTE Condemningthe capital punishment system as fundamentally flawed and unfair, Gov http://www.fairness.com/resources/by-metacat?metacat_id=357

46. Death Penalty/Capital Punishment When searching for books in our library, it is best to remain fairly general,and therefore you would use simple words or phrases. capital punishment. http://library.smc.edu/research/topics/deathpenalty.htm

Home About Catalog E-resources ... Research Topics Death Penalty/Capital Punishment This guide is an introduction to the research process that, while not being an exhaustive list of information resources available, should be helpful in getting started in your research about the death penalty. Below you will find pointers to suggested research terms about the death penalty, materials in the library catalog about the death penalty, websites relevant to the death penalty, and links to library databases that contain information about death penalty. Please use our email reference service , contact us at (310) 434-4254, or visit us in the library at the reference desk if you need further assistance. Go to: Suggested Research Terms Materials in the Library Catalog Websites Library Databases Suggested Research Terms One of the really helpful things when searching for information about a topic is a short list of terms related to a topic. We think the following terms will help with your research about the Death Penalty: When searching for books in our library, it is best to remain fairly general, and therefore you would use simple words or phrases.

47. General Statistics - Brief Bank & General Reaources - The International Justice the International Justice Project. Printer Friendly Version. States with capital punishment http://www.internationaljusticeproject.org/briefsStates.cfm

Home Search Site Map Links ... Contact IJP Site Links. . . Program Overview Execution Calendar -Current Calendar -All Calendars Juveniles -Introduction -Current Cases -Past Cases -International Instruments -Statistics -Resources -Briefs Foreign Nationals -Introduction -Current Cases -Past Cases -International Instruments -Statistics -Resources -Briefs Mental Retardation -Introduction -Current Cases -Past Cases -International Instruments -Resources -Briefs Mental Illness -Introduction -Current Cases -Past Cases -Briefs Brief Bank, Internships Project Overview Execution Calendar Juveniles Foreign Nationals ... Printer Friendly Version States with Capital Punishment Statistics Jurisdictions with Capital Punishment Statutes: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut*, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas*, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire*#, New Jersey*, New Mexico, New York*, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota*, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming, Federal, U.S. Military* Jurisdictions without Capital Punishment Statutes: Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin

48. NewsHour Extra: Timothy McVeigh And Capital Punishment - May 16, 2001 both sides more time to air their arguments about the death penalty in general. ofthe death penalty also say that fear of the ultimate punishment stops people http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june01/death_penalty.html

How did the death penalty start in the U.S.? How many other countries use the death penalty? Get the NewsHour History: After Oklahoma City Execution Delay: Attorney General Ashcroft announces a one-month delay in the execution of convicted Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh. Death Penalty update: Americans changing opinion on the death penalty. (5/10/01) Kids and Crime: The youngest person ever convicted of murder is sentenced to death. McVeigh and the death penalty: A NewsHour discussion on the sentence of Timothy McVeigh. Get the NewsHour Extra history: Death Penalty on Hold: Illinois examines their use of the death penalty. (2/22/00) NewsHour coverage of: Law Outside Links: Extra is not responsible for the content of external Internet sites. The Death Penalty Information Center Truth in Justice National Criminal Referal Service The ACLU and the Death Penalty ... Pro-Death Penalty.com Classroom activities: Curriculums on the death penalty PBS Frontline: "The "Executioner"

49. Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly . COVER STORY . Capital Punishment: Retribution Or According to the Pew Center for the People and the Press, the numberof Americans who favor capital punishment in general is 66%. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week437/cover.html

Week of June 4, 2004 Cover Story Profile Headlines COVER STORY: Capital Punishment: Retribution or Justice? May 11, 2001 Episode no. 437 Current Stories Cover Story: Nine Mile Canyon Dilemma Profile: Father Joe: Slum Priest Headlines: This Week in Religion News BOB ABERNETHY (anchor): The fate of Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh has triggered a national debate over the death penalty in the religious communities. This week, more than 65 American religious leaders asked President Bush not to execute McVeigh and to impose a moratorium on all Federal executions. Leaders of the Episcopal Church, Presbyterian Church USA, the United Church of Christ, Catholics Against Capital Punishment, the Quakers, and the Union of American Hebrew Congregations signed a letter stating the pain of McVeigh's victims, of their community, and of the nation "cannot be healed through the retribution of capital punishment or by vengeance." Last week, speaking for the U.S. Catholic Bishops, Cardinals Roger Mahony of Los Angeles and William Keeler of Baltimore reiterated the Catholic Church's longtime opposition to capital punishment, saying executing McVeigh will not bring healing or closure. Rather, the Cardinals said, "it will be just one more killing." At the same time, many religious leaders support McVeigh's execution. Today, we have a special report on the capital punishment debate among people of faith. Our correspondent Tim O'Brien talked with two ministers in the same denomination, the First Christian Church [Disciples of Christ].

50. Ninth Circuit Capital Punishment Handbook have repeatedly emphasized that a capital defendant’s As a general matter, noticeshould be given of parole represented a “worse” punishment than death http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/web/sdocuments.nsf/0/472d0b36cebf2c498825684900625c5

51. European Union & The Death Penalty (Capital Punishment) in several international human rights instruments, under which the capital punishmentmay be 54 th UN general Assembly, Excerpt from the Speech by Minister for http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/DeathPenalty/deathpenhome.htm

European Union Delegation of the European Commission to the United States 2300 M Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 Telephone: (202) 862-9500 Fax: (202) 429-1766 EU Home EU Policy Documents Action in the United Nations Action on US Death Row Cases ... Related Links The European Union (EU) is opposed to the death penalty in all cases and has consistently espoused its universal abolition, working towards this goal. In countries that maintain the death penalty, the EU aims at the progressive restriction of its scope and respect for the strict conditions set forth in several international human rights instruments, under which the capital punishment may be used, as well as at the establishment of a moratorium on executions so as to eliminate the death penalty completely. The EU is deeply concerned about the increasing number of executions in the United States of America (USA), all the more since the great majority of executions since reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976 have been carried out in the 1990s. Furthermore, in the US, young offenders who are under 18 years of age at the time of the commission of the crime may be sentenced to death and executed, in clear infringement of internationally recognized human rights norms. The following collection of documents includes key policy statements by the EU, actions on specific death row cases in the US and links to international and other agreements cited in the various documents.

52. Comparison Of Capital Punishment Costs In Texas And Connecticut At the federal habeas level, the capital Litigation Division (part of theAttorney general s office) solely prosecutes capital punishment cases. http://www.cga.state.ct.us/2000/rpt/olr/htm/2000-R-0461.htm

April 13, 2000 2000-R-0461 COMPARISON OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT COSTS IN TEXAS AND CONNECTICUT By: Sandra N. Bragg, Legislative Fellow You asked us to compare the cost of a capital case involving the death penalty in Texas with one in Connecticut. SUMMARY We were unable to find comprehensive cost data specific to death penalty cases. According to several criminal justice officials in Texas and Connecticut, neither state compiles statistics on the cost of capital punishment on a per case basis. Further, Connecticut has not executed a prisoner since 1961 and none of the seven death row inmates' cases has reached final state and federal habeas levels. Therefore, complete data for calculating the final cost for any Connecticut death row case are not available. (State habeas challenges the legality of imprisonment after conviction in state court; federal habeas challenges the legality of imprisonment in federal court.) The only readily available costs are for incarceration. According to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, the approximate cost of housing a male death row inmate at the Ellis Unit in Huntsville is $48.45 per day ($17,684.25 per year or $183,739.36 based on an average10.39 years spent on death row). According to the Connecticut Department of Correction, it costs $158.71 per day ($57,929.15 per year) to house a prisoner at the Northern Corrections facility (which houses all of the state's death row inmates and prisoners with a Level 5 classification). For fiscal year (FY) 1999-00, it will cost $405,504.05 to house all seven death row inmates.

53. American Baptist Resolution Against The Reinstatement Of Capital Punishment - 3/ to expand their advocacy against capital punishment from the significantly the numberof federal capital crimes in Adopted by the general Board of the American http://www.abc-usa.org/resources/resol/cappun2.htm

AMERICAN BAPTIST RESOLUTION AGAINST THE REINSTATEMENT OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT Until the Gilmore case in 1977, there had been no execution in the United States in 10 years. The ritual of taking life had ceased while debate continued in the courts regarding the constitutionality of capital punishment. Now that the death laws in some states have been upheld and some executions have taken place, thousands of persons nationwide face possible execution by hanging, firing squad, asphyxiation, injection, or electrocution. Such punishment has been abolished in Canada and most of Europe, where it is seen as morally unacceptable and a form of cruel and unusual punishment inconsistent with religious and/or ethical traditions. The majority of those on death row are poor, powerless, and educationally deprived. Almost 50% come from minority groups. This reflects the broad inequalities within our society, and the inequity with which the ultimate penalty is applied. This alone is sufficient reason for opposing it as immoral and unjust. In review of studies regarding race and death sentencing from 1972 to 1988, the Federal Accounting Office found a "pattern of evidence indicating racial disparities in the charging, sentencing, and imposition of the death penalty." Since further legal actions to stop executions appear unpromising and the United States Congress continues to expand the use of the death penalty in federal crimes, it is more important than ever that the religious community speak to the moral, religious and ethical implications of killing by the state. The racially discriminatory imposition of capital punishment makes it even more critical that people of faith speak out against this ultimate penalty.

54. American Baptist Churches Resolution On Capital Punishment - 3/82 Therefore, the general Board of the American Baptist Churches recommends the abolitionof capital punishment in those states which still practice it and urges http://www.abc-usa.org/resources/resol/cappun.htm

AMERICAN BAPTIST RESOLUTION ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENT As Christians living and participating in our society, we reaffirm and are acutely aware of: a. the sacredness of life and the obligation to "overcome evil with good" as taught in the scriptures; b. the hope and possibility of all to come under the redeeming and transforming action of God; c. the fallibility of human agencies and legal justice; d. the immorality and injustice of capital punishment for persons later proven innocent; e. some inexcusable inequities before the law, enabling many persons of higher status and resources to avoid the death penalty while some persons without these resources are unable to avoid the penalty; f. the lack of clear support through the available evidence that capital punishment has a deterrent effect; g. the conviction that the emphasis in penology should be upon the process of creative, redemptive rehabilitation, rather than on primitive retribution. Therefore, the General Board of the American Baptist Churches recommends the abolition of capital punishment in those states which still practice it and urges churches and members of our American Baptist constituency to support groups and agencies working for the abolition of capital punishment in those governmental jurisdictions of the U.S. where it is still authorized by law. Adopted by the American Baptist Convention - 1958 and 1966 Affirmed as American Baptist Churches Resolutions - September 1980 Combined and Reaffirmed by the Executive Committee of the General Board -

55. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT INTERNATIONAL. general. Ancel, M. (1962). Camus, A. (1960). Reflections onthe guillotine, an essay on capital punishment. (R.Howard, Trans.). http://www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/research/CapPunish/part2.html

Lloyd Sealy Library Page 2 of 3 John Jay College of Criminal Justice CAPITAL PUNISHMENT Books from the Lloyd Sealy Library Collections INTERNATIONAL General Ancel, M. (1962). The death penalty in European countries. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Stacks KJ .A538d 1962 Camus, A. (1960). Reflections on the guillotine, an essay on capital punishment. (R.Howard, Trans.). Michigan City,Ind.: Fridtjof-Karla Publications. Stacks HV8555 .C313 The death penalty: abolition in Europe (Roger Hood, Introd. and Sergei Kovalev, Conclus.). (1999). Strasbourg: Council of Europe Pub. Stacks K 5510 .D42 1999 Juveniles and the death penalty: executions worldwide since 1985. (1998). New York, N.Y.: Amnesty International. Reference HV 8694 .J88 1998 Otterbein, K. F.(1986). The ultimate coercive sanction: a cross-cultural study of capital punishment. New Haven, Conn.: HRAF Press. Stacks HV8694 .O87 1986 Schabas,W. (c1997) The abolition of the death penalty in international law (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.

56. Eric Zorn Column Archive Capital Punishment down the middle on the death penalty, supporting the idea of capital punishmentbut also supporting Ryan s moratorium on executions and, in general, the call http://www.ericzorn.com/columns/capital/

Eric Zorn column archive The Death Penalty ZORN HOMEPAGE An excellent case study of capital justice gone agley is the Jeanine Nicarico murder case, those columns are archived here January 28, 2003 Sore loser Dick Devine wants some people dead, dammit. "It's going to be very interesting these next few days," said Kimball Anderson, the Winston & Strawn attorney who represented George Ryan in his successful fight against Jim Ryan last fall. The legal and political issues here are deeply intertwined, he said, making this an early "gut-check," particularly for Madigan. Anderson's withering brief last October accused Jim Ryan of staking out a position that "lacks support from the plain language of the Illinois Constitution, the constitutional debates, the statutes, the legislative history, and [the Illinois Supreme] Court's decisions, [and] also lacks common sense." "There are at least two legitimate legal questions still out there concerning the non-signers and the unsentenced," Madigan said in an interview Monday. "Right now we're still weighing the options with everyone who wants to weigh in," including state's attorneys throughout Illinois and those who strongly support the blanket commutation. "Our goal is to be the reasonable, moderate voice here," she said, sounding as though she were foreshadowing narrow legal support for Devine in the context of broad rhetorical support for criminal justice reform.

57. RCA: Perspective On Capital Punishment In 1966 the Commission on Christian Action also presented to general Synoda summary of its biblical study concerning capital punishment. http://www.rca.org/aboutus/perspective/death.php

Archives Beliefs Camps and Conference Centers ... The Crucified One Is Lord Search www.rca.org: in /aboutus/perspective Print this page What's New South Africa, Palestine, and the Belhar Confession Advisory Committees Review Issues President Presents Report to General Synod More... Top Hits Church Search Engine TRAVARCA Churches Link Page More... Questions or comments? Please mail us! Perspective on Capital Punishment In response to an overture from the Classis of Delaware-Raritan the 1999 General Synod voted: MGS 1965 , pp. 211-214, 222-225; and MGS 1996, pp. 220-222); and further, to instruct the Commission on Christian Action to review said resolution and accompanying biblical study to determine if it should be revised and reaffirmed for present circumstances ( MGS 1999, R-30, p. 116). The reasons cited in support of this recommendation were: 1. The increased frequency of capital punishment in many states merits a response by the church. 2. Seeking a new consensus on this vital issue through shared theological reflection would be a faithful use of time and gifts.

58. CJBS: Capital Punishment the link between persuading people to recommend a sentence in a particular scenarioand influencing attitudes towards capital punishment in general. http://www.cpa.ca/ogloff.htm

Capital Punishment: Arguments for Life and Death Jennifer C. Honeyman and James R.P. Ogloff Reprinted from the Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science Volume 28: 1 January, 1996 Abstract Method Results Discussion ... Arguments For and Against the Death Penalty Abstract Despite capital punishment having been abolished in Canada 20 years ago, the majority of Canadians continue to favour the death penalty as a sentencing option. In this study, a 2 x 6 design was employed to investigate the effects that argument position (for or against the death penalty) and type of justification for punishment (deterrence, morality, rehabilitation, incapacitation, economic, and possibility of mistake) have on participants' sentence recommendations for a defendant found guilty of first degree murder. Results indicated that only those arguments in favour of the death penalty, based on retribution, economics, and impossibility of mistake, were effective in influencing participants to recommend that the accused be sentenced to death. Compared to participants who recommended a life sentence, those who recommended the death penalty were found to have significantly higher scores on a measure of vengeance. A lthough the Parliament of Canada abolished the death penalty as a sentencing option in 1976 (Amnesty International, 1987), a majority of Canadians (approximately 65-75%) have indicated that they would support a return of the death penalty (Reid, 1987). Furthermore, calls for the reintroduction of the death penalty by politicians and others occur frequently. As a result of the public's apparent support for capital punishment, and the possibility of its return, it is important to continue studying factors that influence people's attitudes regarding the death penalty.

59. Randall Library Resource Guides - Fast Fact Guide Capital to view items specifically about capital punishment in the United States. OpposingViewpoints A good resource located in both the general Collection and http://library.uncwil.edu/ffg/capital.html

60. The Ethics Site. Abortion, Euthanasia, Death Penalty, Bioethics, Kant, Aristotle There are a number of helpful types of resources available on the web thatrelate to punishment in general and capital punishment in particular. http://ethics.sandiego.edu/Applied/DeathPenalty/

Utilitarianism Egoism Justice Rights Theory ... Ethics Updates ". . . dedicated to promoting the thoughtful discussion of difficult moral issues." Lawrence M. Hinman University of San Diego Punishment and the Death Penalty nalty Last updated: June 7, 2004 This site was awarded a Times Pick by the Los Angeles Times on 16-Apr-96. Selected Internet Resources on Punishment and the Death Penalty There are a number of helpful types of resources available on the web that relate to punishment in general and capital punishment in particular. These include links to court decisions, legislation, statistical information, and information about particular sites. New! Take our Ethics Survey on Punishment and the Death Penalty See Survey Results Ethics Videos "Shame, Stigma, and Punishment" Keynote Address Morality in the 21st Century October 27, 2001 University of Delaware Martha Nussbaum Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics University of Chicago "Retributive Punishment and Reconciliatory Punishment"

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