41. Confederation And Canada's Government (and How It Works) Each year July 1st is a national holiday called canada Day. before 1982 canadaDay had been known as Dominion Day, First of July or confederation Day. http://www.members.shaw.ca/kcic1/cangovt.html

Information about Canada PRESENTS Confederation and Canada's Government CONFEDERATION OF CANADA Canada became The Dominion of Canada on July 1st, 1867. Each year July 1st is a national holiday called Canada Day . Before 1982 Canada Day had been known as Dominion Day, First of July or Confederation Day. Canada Day celebrates the events that occurred on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act created the Canadian federal government. The BNA Act proclaimed "one Dominion under the name of Canada," hence the original title of the holiday, "Dominion Day." Dominion Day was officially renamed "Canada Day" by an Act of Parliament on October 27, 1982. This change reflected the policy of successive governments to downplay Canada's colonial origins. Canada's national celebration is always observed on July 1, unless that date falls on a Sunday, in which case it is observed the following day. The Capital of Canada is Ottawa, Ontario . It was named as the national capital on December 31, 1857 by Queen Victoria. PROCLAMATIONS, ACTS, STATUTES and ORDERS IN COUNCIL

42. Encyclopedia: List Of Canadian Provinces And Territories and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies beforejoining canada. Ontario and Quebec were united before confederation as the http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-Canadian-provinces-and-territor

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #3 Andorrans live the longest , four years longer than in neighbouring France and Spain Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Articles People who viewed "List of Canadian provinces and territories" also viewed: List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols Northwest Territories List of Canadian provinces and territories by population Nunavut ... People on stamps of Canadian provinces Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: May 23, 2004

43. Wordplay Bookstore: Alphabetical Listing By Title Kindred Countries canada and Newfoundland before confederation By M. Macleod,ISBN 0887981437. Page Info Trade Paperback. Publisher Macleod. http://www.wordplay.com/wordplay/books/0887981437.html

Kindred Countries: Canada and Newfoundland Before Confederation By: M. Macleod ISBN: Page Info: Trade Paperback Publisher: Macleod To the Author Index To the Title Index

44. Newfoundland History In The 1860s The battle lines for the confederation issue became drawn the 1864 Quebec conference,brought before the Assembly the per capita debt of canada and Newfoundland http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~melbaker/1860S.htm

The Rejection of Confederation with Canada, 1865-1874 by Melvin Baker (c)1994 Hurrah for our own native Isle, Newfoundland, Not a stranger shall hold one inch of its strand, Her face turns to Britain, her back to the Gulf, Come near at your peril, Canadian Wolf. (anti-Confederation song) Within ten years of attaining responsible government in 1855, Newfoundland faced another political debate concerning its constitutional future, one which was not resolved until Confederation with Canada was resoundingly rejected in the 1869 Newfoundland election. The Confederation issue of this period was played out against a background of several years in the early 1860s of economic depression, a depression which led many Newfoundlanders to regard the issue as a viable option to their economic woes. This depression was of local origins caused by a succession of short cod and seal fisheries, market difficulties, and potato blight. With approximately 162,000 people scattered along the Island's many bays and inlets, 89% of the workforce was involved in the fishery and fish and seal products made up 95% of Newfoundland's total exports, which went chiefly to Europe, the West Indies and Brazil. There was little market agriculture and most of imports came mainly from Britain and the United States (about 65%), while Canada provided the other 25%, and remainder came from elsewhere. The fisheries itself ran on a credit system. Fishermen were advanced supplies on credit in the spring, and they sold their catch to their supplier in the fall receiving paymentassuming they had a credit balancein goods rather than cash. Cash was a scarce commodity in outport Newfoundland. Merchants tended to charge as much as they could for supplies advanced on credit, and to pay as little as possible for the fish. This practice, together with the natural uncertainties of both the seal and cod fisheries, and the vagaries of the markets, kept most fishermen either in poverty or on the brink of it. (Quoted in Hiller, "Newfoundland Confronts Canada", in E.R. Forbes and D.A. Muise, eds.

45. Upper Canada Village - School House and 50s, a series of school acts were passed in canada West creating The driving forcebehind the progress in the three decades before confederation was the Rev http://www.uppercanadavillage.com/tour22.htm

School House During the 1840s and 50s, a series of school acts were passed in Canada West creating a province-wide framework within which a system of common school education could develop. The driving force behind the progress in the three decades before Confederation was the Rev. Egerton Ryerson, a Methodist divine who believed in a government-run system that provided a basic education for all young people, without tuition fees. As the Superintendent of Education in the province, he set up school sections at the local level, with trustees elected to put up buildings and hire teachers, and to collect the necessary local taxes to supplement government grants from the province. A local Superintendent, hired by the Trustees, supervised and reported on the teacher's efficiency, adherence to curriculum and use of approved texts. Most young people attended for at least six or more years and left after completing a basic education in literacy, mathematics, some rudimentary science and history, as well the most important Christian principles of morality and proper behaviour. Bright children whose parents could afford it could, at some point, proceed to Grammar schools who prepared young men for further education or for training in the professions of law, medicine or the church Young ladies from affluent families often attended private schools for young women that specialised in the arts and social graces. In the local Common schools, however, the emphasis was on rote-learning of a set body of knowledge which had to be mastered or memorized to pass the oral examinations conducted by the local Superintendent. Discipline was reinforced by the threat of physical punishment or the use of guilt or public humiliation.

46. Territorial Evolution - The Atlas Of Canada They all kept the boundaries they had before confederation, except that what usedto be the province of canada was divided into the new provinces of Ontario http://atlas.gc.ca/maptexts/map_texts/english/Texte1867_e.html

The Territorial Evolution of Canada, 1867 Confederation The British North America Act, which created the "Dominion" of Canada, was passed by the British parliament in 1867. The British parliament passed the Act as the Canadians had designed it. The Act gave general powers to the federal government, and described the powers of the provinces, but it did not allow Canada to be totally independent. Certain important powers, such as dealings with other states, immigration, command of the armed forces and especially the power to change the Act itself, stayed in the hands of the British parliament. The most important change between the proposals of the Canadians and the Act was in the name of our country. The Canadians had wanted to call it "Kingdom of Canada"; instead, the British changed the name to "Dominion of Canada", so as not to offend the Americans. The name of Canada is believed to come from the Iroquois word "Kanata", meaning "village" or "community". This name was first used in a 1534 text written by Jacques Cartier describing the Indian village of Stadacona. So Canada became a separate country in 1867. It was a confederation of four provinces: the two older ones

47. Book - Gene Long - Suspended State:Newfoundland Before Confederation By DOWNHOME from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before leaving canada. Book Gene Long- Suspended StateNewfoundland before confederation What is particularly http://www.shopdownhomer.com/pgi-ProductSpec?9400

48. More Roads, Less Isolation - Has Confederation Been Good For Poverty plagued the isolated outports of Newfoundland before confederation. The Transcanada Highway Act was passed on Dec. 10, 1949. http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-73-564-2886/politics_economy/nfld_confed/clip5

People in Newfoundland are on the move. Since joining Confederation, the province's roadways span 8,000 kilometres. Newfoundlanders drive more cars and buses. Students attend the province's new Memorial University. Youth have a far better chance for stable employment than the previous generation. Poverty plagued the isolated outports of Newfoundland before Confederation. Premier Joey Smallwood has since encouraged the building of roads to link the outports with the rest of Newfoundland. Next Printer-friendly page Send this page to a friend Educational activities about ... Has Confederation Been Good for Newfoundland? Today, the province's 1,300 communities have merged into 1,000 villages, towns and cities. On CBC Radio, Smallwood says, "You could almost say that isolation has disappeared." Previous Did You Know? Printer-friendly page Send this page to a friend ... Has Confederation Been Good for Newfoundland? • Memorial University College was established in 1925. Legislation passed on Aug. 13, 1949, granted the school university status and it became Memorial University of Newfoundland. • The Trans-Canada Highway Act was passed on Dec. 10, 1949. In it, Ottawa promised to cover half the cost of a cross-country, two-lane highway.

49. WWW-VL History Index - Canada before Europeans (Native Studies) Teaching First Nations Seeds The Creation ofCanada; Immigrant Voices; and Nationbuilding in pre-confederation Newfoundland; http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/CANADA/canada2.html

WWW-VL History: Canadian History Click here for The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) Main Catalog The Database for The Virtual Library Project WWW-VL History Network Central Catalogue The History Journals Guide search engine RETURN TO CANADA INDEX History Chronological Surveys and Overviews Canadian History Portal Canadian History: Lecture Notes The History of Canada Canada Hall: Canadian history exhibition ... Quebec History Before Europeans (Native Studies) Teaching First Nations History as Canadian History First Nations in Canada Canada's Native Peoples Canada's Aboriginal Digital Collections ... The First Nations of the New France Era Exploration and Settlement Passages: A Treasure Trove of North American Exploration Pathfinders and Passageways: The Exploration of Canada Vikings Discovery and Landing at L'Anse aux Meadows 1492 and All That ... The Battle of the Restigouche British Colonial Period What is a Loyalist Nova Scotia during the American Revolution Les Patriotes de 1837-1838 The 1837 Rebellions ... Charlottetown Conference of 1864 Canada after Confederation Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation Quick Guide History of Canada Since Confederation The Rejection of Confederation with Canada, 1865-1874

50. Elections Canada On-Line | General Information The first time a secret ballot was used in canada was before confederation, in1855, in New Brunswick. Questions? Call or mail us. Last Modified 2002 1 8. http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=gen&document=index&dir=did&lang=e

51. Elections Canada On-Line | General Information before confederation, women property owners in Lower canada (the colonythat became Quebec) could vote. Lower canada did not have http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=gen&document=didyou&dir=his&lang=e

52. Sources Of Canadian Law Quebec s Civil Code was first enacted in 1866, just before confederation, and afterperiodic the law as it pertains to aboriginal people in canada it is also http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/dept/pub/just/CSJ_page7.html

SOURCES OF CANADIAN LAW The common law, which developed in Great Britain after the Norman Conquest, was based on the decisions of judges in the royal courts. It is called judge-made law because it is a system of rules based on "precedent". Whenever a judge makes a decision that is to be legally enforced, this decision becomes a precedent: a rule that will guide judges in making subsequent decisions in similar cases. The common law is unique in the world because it cannot be found in any "code" or "legislation"; it exists only in past decisions. However, this also makes it flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances. The tradition of civil law is quite different. It is based on Roman law, which was consolidated by the Roman Emperor Justinian. The law in ancient Rome was scattered about in many places: in books, in statutes, in proclamations. Justinian ordered his legal experts to put all the law into a single book to avoid confusion. Ever since, the civil law has been associated with a "civil code", containing almost all private law. Quebec's Civil Code was first enacted in 1866, just before Confederation, and after periodic amendments, was recently revised. Like all civil codes, such as the Code Napoléon in France, it contains a comprehensive statement of rules, many of which are framed as broad, general principles so as to deal with any dispute that may arise. Unlike common-law courts, courts in a civil-law system first look to the Code, and then refer to previous decisions for consistency.

53. Boston.com Destination Guides - North America - Canada read more The history of the railway in canada Even before confederation in 1867,Sir John A. Macdonald, canada s first prime minister, grasped the need to http://dg.ian.com/index.jsp?cid=54608&action=viewLocation&formId=72212

54. History 1313 X1 This course examines the history of canada to confederation in 1867. Dean Gugg, Forminga Nation canada before It Was canada (Charlottetown Indigo Press, 2003 http://ace.acadiau.ca/history/dbaldwin/classes/hist13132003.htm

HISTORY 1313 C1 Pre-Confederation Canada Fall 2003 Slot 4: 11:30 - 12:30, Monday, Wednesday, Friday Dr. Douglas Baldwin Office: Room 451 BAC Phone: (902) 585-1283 Fax: (902) 585-1070 E-Mail: douglas.baldwin@acadiau.ca Office Hours: Monday, Wednesday, Friday: 9:30 - 10:30 am 12:30 - 1:15 pm Tuesday: 6:00 - 6:45 pm This course examines the history of Canada to Confederation in 1867. In particular, it explores the impact of European contact on the Native Peoples, the historical roots of the French-English conflict in Canada from 1759 to 1867, the origins of our present system of government, and the social life of everyday Canadians. The lectures examine the major themes, personalities, and interpretations of our past. The Dean Gugg textbook provides the chronological overview necessary to place the lectures in context, and the primary documents necessary to complete course assignments. In addition to acquainting you with Canadian history, this course concentrates on developing your skills in research, analysis, and writing. REQUIRED TEXTBOOK Dean Gugg

55. CHA - Historical Booklets Translate this page 52. Malcolm MacLeod, Kindred Countries canada and Newfoundland before confederation/Terre-Neuveet le canada avant la confédération des pays apparentés. http://www.cha-shc.ca/english/hist_bookl.html

HISTORICAL BOOKLETS The CHA publishes a series of booklets to provide the general reader, the teacher and the historical specialist with concise accounts of specific historical problems in the history of Canada. They are written in English or French, according to the author's preference, and are available in both languages. Prices are $6.00 each ($5.00 for orders of 10 or more) or $120.00 for the series. Bookstores receive a 50% discount on orders of 30 booklets or more of the same booklet. Postage and GST added. Prices outside Canada are expressed in US currency. ORDER FORM NAME: ADDRESS:_ Booklet number / Quantity / Language Please send order to: CHA, 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N3. An invoice will follow. 1. C.P. Stacey, 2. G.F.G. Stanley, Louis Riel: Patriot or Rebel?/Louis Riel: patriote ou rebelle? 4. W.S. MacNutt, 5. A.L. Burt, Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester, 1724-1808: Revised Version/Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester, 1724-1808 6. Marcel Trudel

56. Discover Canada's Geoscience Heritage - Homepage entrusted with acquiring, interpreting and making available information about thegeology of the Canadian landmass. Even before confederation, the geologists http://collections.ic.gc.ca/geoscience/homepage_e.html

Since its foundation in 1842, the Geological Survey of Canada has been entrusted with acquiring, interpreting and making available information about the geology of the Canadian landmass. Even before confederation, the geologists set out to explore this vast continent and, as men of science, reported not only on geology, but also on the geography, flora, fauna and the inhabitants of the land. This spirit of scientific enquiry continues to this day in the current exploration, surveying and mapping and research activities which contribute to the prosperity of all Canadians. Capture the spirit of adventure and travel back with us through text and images to discover the rich scientific heritage of our nation. Some of the text presented within this site is based on outdated stereotypical beliefs and terminology which are invalid and are considered unacceptable by Natural Resources Canada. It is the intent of the Geoscience Heritage web development team to present a historically accurate example of the history of the development and practices of geoscience through the material available. The content of this site is largely composed of original text written by the Geological Survey officers at that time, consisting of content from 1861 to present. Home No Stone Unturned Encounters Founders of Canadian Geology ... Feedback

57. Unusual Heroes: Canada’s Prime Ministers And Fathers Of Confederation just listen.” In 1860, seven years before confederation, he said of McGee’s boldviews, and before long he ideas in the big idea that would become canada. http://www3.sympatico.ca/farini/peacock/pages/Aexcerpts/UnusualHeroes.html

About Shane Peacock Book Reviews Where to Buy the Books Contacts ... Front Page Unusual Heroes: The Prophet The Prophet Irish Dramas Even as a teenager he was gifted with the ability to excite audiences. He spoke dramatically and with the full power of his amazing brain. And by the time he left the poverty and political problems of Ireland at the age of 17 in 1842 and passed through British North America on his way to the United States, he was ready to unleash his opinions on a bigger audience. He believed that Ireland should be a separate country from England, and that religious and racial minorities had to be treated fairly. The blood of rebellion pulsed inside him. To a New World First he lived in the United States, starting two newspapers and publishing more books and passionate poetry. (McGee would eventually be elected to the Royal Irish Academy for authors.) He spoke up for the Irish and tried to help the poor when they came to America. As always, he made as many enemies as friends. But he never really became an American, and in 1857, after being invited to visit Montreal, he found his true home. It seemed his ideas might be listened to in this new place. Danger Approaches Giving all his time to his country, McGee lived in near-poverty. Three of his precious children died young, and he suffered the intense pain of poor circulation in his legs, causing him to walk with a cane by the age of 40. At times he drank too much and debated in the taverns, his sharp brain and tongue becoming razorlike, cutting his opponents without mercy and making enemies.

58. Canadian Mining Hall Of Fame - Sir William Logan Twentyfive years before confederation, on April 14, 1842, he accepted anappointment as provincial geologist for canada and established the GSC. http://www.halloffame.mining.ca/halloffame/english/bios/logan.html

Sir William Logan Sir William Logan founded the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) in 1842 and served as its first director for 27 years. The first Canadian scientific organization, the GSC has since made a major contribution to the country's economic growth. Logan and his staff provided a sound preliminary knowledge of the geology and mineral resources of Upper and Lower Canada. This knowledge laid the foundation for later mineral discoveries and more elaborate studies in the United Canadas. At the GSC, Logan's principal objectives were regional mapping and the evaluation of potential economic mineral deposits. He emphasized the importance of both field and laboratory studies, tenets that still form the basis of the present-day GSC. Through his published reports and exhibits, he was also responsible for bringing Canada's mineral potential to the notice of the outside world. His Geology of Canada, 1863, with its overtones of the economic importance of every rock and mineral with which he came in contact, advanced the development of the country immeasurably. Logan was born in Montreal in 1798. He studied briefly in Edinburgh before his uncle sent him to Swansea to oversee an investment in a new smelting process. As a result, Logan developed an interest in mineralogy and in solving geological problems. His lack of formal education in geology was characteristic of the times, and he gradually became an acknowledged expert on copper and coal.

59. AthaU Descriptions This course provides a broad overview of political and social developmentson the territory of today’s canada in the period before confederation. http://www.bluequills.ca/AthaU_courses.htm

AthaU Descriptions Athabasca University Course Descriptions use the bookmarks below to help find the alphabetical listing B H M P ... S ANTH 275 Faces of Culture: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 3 Social Science This course provides a general introduction to the cross-cultural study of people and cultures. The course covers the following topics: anthropology, culture, how cultures are studied, patterns of subsistence, language and communication, culture and personality, marriage and the family, kinship and descent, economic anthropology, age, common interest, stratification, political organization, social control, religion and magic, the arts, culture change, and the future of anthropology. return to top of page ANTH 362 First Nations of Canada 3 Social Science This course provides a comprehensive overview of the Native peoples of Canada: Indian, Metis, and Inuit. The course describes the traditional lifeways of peoples of the plains, woodlands, Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and discusses contemporary issues of land claims and self-government. Prerequisite: ANTH 275 is recommended BIOL 204 Principles of Biology 3 Science This is an introductory course in general biology. The course is designed entirely for individualized study with home laboratory exercises. Topics covered include the chemical bases of life, cell structure, biological membranes, cellular metabolism, photosynthesis, cell reproduction, principles of heredity, molecular genetics, genetics of development, natural selection, population genetics, speciation, and evolution.

60. The Province Of Canada - Encyclopedia Article About The Province Of Canada. Free The Province of canada held 8 unique elections from 1841 to 1864 before confederation.While party lines were somewhat blurred, there were political parties. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/The Province of Canada

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia The Province of Canada Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Note: for information about Canada Canada , the northernmost country on the North American continent, is a federation governed as a constitutional monarchy. It is bordered by the United States to the south as well as in the northwest. The Canada-U.S. border is the world's longest undefended border. The country stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. Canada also reaches the Arctic Ocean in the north where Canada's territorial claim extends to the North Pole. Click the link for more information. 's present-day provinces and territories, see list of Canadian provinces and territories Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. The major difference between a Canadian province and a Canadian territory is that a province is a creation of the Constitution Act, while a territory is created by federal law. Thus, the federal government has more direct control over the territories, while provincial governments have many more competences and rights. Provinces have a great deal of power relative to the federal government, having a large measure of control over spending on social programs such as medicare, education, employment insurance, and the like. They receive "transfer payments" from the federal government to pay for these, as well as exacting their own taxes.

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