81. Our History active gardens in tropical West and Central africa. natural gateway to the Mount Cameroonregion, one of has a distinguished and colourful history dating back http://www.mcbcclimbe.org/history.shtml

82. Yaounde, Regional Delegation (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatori 3005-1995 Annual Report 1994 Yaounde, regional delegation (cameroon, CentralAfrican Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe). http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList140/A7EA88A1852CB54AC1256B660059

About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Annual Report Annual Report Yaounde, regional delegation (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe) Introduction The regional delegation concentrated on the promotion of humanitarian law, especially by approaching the governments of the region and requesting that they each designate an official representative of the armed forces or the Ministry of Defence to be responsible for the incorporation of humanitarian law in military training programmes. The regional delegation held a course on humanitarian law for instructors from the armed forces of 10 Central African countries (Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe and Zaire) from 22 to 25 March. Cooperation with the region's National Societies was also high on the regional delegation's agenda, especially as regards the establishment of emergency brigades to provide direct assistance to the population in the event of unrest. The ICRC also cooperated with these National Societies in the fields of information (the production and promotion of periodicals and radio programmes), training, first aid, and community activities such as projects aimed at improving hygiene and neighbourhood clean-up operations. A meeting of leaders of the National Societies of the six countries covered by the delegation was held in Yaound© in early October to discuss such cooperation programmes, among other matters.

83. Yaoundé Regional Delegation (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equato 106-1999 Annual Report 1998 Yaoundé regional delegation (cameroon, Central AfricanRepublic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe). http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList165/2C5001EEDD3ABC5FC1256B890033

About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Annual Report Annual Report Yaound© Regional delegation (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, S£o Tom© and Pr­ncipe) The countries covered by the Yaound© regional delegation enjoyed relative stability in 1998, with the exception of Equatorial Guinea and Chad, where there were outbreaks of intercommunal violence. Bakassi peninsula Finally, following an assessment of the needs of communities displaced as a result of the Bakassi dispute, the ICRC brought its relief programme to a close. In the course of the year final distributions of food and other supplies were carried out. The ICRC also stepped up its representations to the Cameroonian authorities with a view to gaining access to people detained for security reasons. On the basis of information gathered from civil society in Cameroon, and following a round of consultations with the ministries and departments concerned, on 3 July the Yaound© regional delegation sent the general secretariat of the Cameroonian presidency an offer of services to visit this category of detainees. An affirmative reply was received at the beginning of December. Fighting on the island of Bioko In Equatorial Guinea, violent clashes broke out on the island of Bioko in January between government security forces and members of a separatist movement. These events claimed a number of victims among the civilian population and government troops and resulted in the arrest of some 400 people, 117 of whom were sentenced by a military tribunal in June. The ICRC's activities in Equatorial Guinea were also affected. Since it was not permitted to interview detainees without witnesses, it was obliged to suspend a third round of visits to places of detention in March, although the visits had been arranged with the authorities long in advance. The ICRC immediately made representations to the ministries concerned and to the presidency with a view to resuming its humanita-rian activities in the country; negotiations continued for the rest of the year, but to no avail.

84. AFRICAN HISTORY TIMELINE Independent Cameroon AFRICAN history TIMELINE Independent cameroon. police road block near Bafoussam inthe anglophone region. Black, the president of the cameroon Bar Association http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-camer.htm

Africa Since 1875 AFRICAN HISTORY TIMELINE: Independent Cameroon .......DATE............. ...........................EVENT............................. ......... Following World War II, nationalist movements began to press for independence. The Union des Populations Camerounaises (UPC) was the most radical party. The UPC demanded immediate and separate independence for each of the two Cameroons. When legal methods failed, the UPC launched a revolt in 1955 that resulted in extensive destruction and death. The French banned the UPC, but it continued to operate in Bamileke country, where it had wide support from the largest ethnic group in Cameroon. Northerner Ahmadou Ahidjo, leader of the Bloc D‚mocratique Camerounais , worked with the French for gradual independence and formed a new party, the Union Camerounaise , calling for reunification, independence and national reconciliation. Ahmadou Ahidjo became the first president of Cameroon at independence. Southern British Cameroon joined the Republic of Cameroon following a UN-directed plebiscite, while the northern portion voted to remain with Nigeria. Ahidjo suspended the constitution and invoked presidential emergency powers because of continued violence by the UPC.

85. Mama For Story as witchcraft, divination and religion in the Grassfields region of cameroon. PERSPECTIVESON THE STATE FROM POLITICAL history TO ETHNOGRAPHY IN cameroon. http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Chilver/

Mama for story Editors: Ian Fowler and David Zeitlyn Introduction In order to thematise what we initially envisaged as a single volume we requested that papers should focus on the convergence of ethnography and history in the field of Cameroonian studies. The extensive and overwhelmingly positive response to our call presented us with the 'problem' of a wealth of riches that could not easily be produced as a single volume. This we have resolved by dividing the papers into three separate sets, each representing a different aspect of Mrs Chilver's interests. One set focuses on contemporary views of the state, its emergence through partition and reunification, the developing role of the chieftaincy, and key issues of gender and accumulation as they have developed in the modern state; another set of papers combine historical and anthropological analyses; and, finally, there are ethnographic accounts of topics such as witchcraft, divination and religion in the Grassfields region of Cameroon. A set of three collections that have been inspired by the work of Mrs E.M. Chilver, known to many as Sally Chilver 'Mama for Story'. The project is being published in the following forms: 1) Half of Paideuma (the journal of the Frobenius Institute) for 1995 is devoted to a collection entitled PERSPECTIVES ON THE STATE: FROM POLITICAL HISTORY TO ETHNOGRAPHY IN CAMEROON.

86. Review Of African Crossroads And Kingdom On Mount Cameroon full history of peoples in the region in question models to the writing of Africanhistory despite the Historical Continuity The Duala of cameroon and German http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/dz/xroads/historian.html

Review of African Crossroads and Kingdom on Mount Cameroon THE HISTORIAN Vol LX, No. 4, Summer 1998 pp 842-3. The Historian is a publication of Phi Alpha Theta, the History National Honor Society African Crossroads: Intersections between History and Anthropology in Cameroon; Cameroon Studies, Volume 2. Edited by Ian Fowler and David Zeitlyn. (Providence and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1996, Pp. xviii, 213. $29.95.) Kingdom on Mount Cameroon: Studies in the History of the Cameroon Coast, 1500-1970; Cameroon Studies, Volume 1. By Edwin Ardener. Edited and with an Introduction by Shirley Ardener. (Providence and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1996. Pp. xix, 380. $49.95.) In fact, both of these volumes stand at the methodological crossroads between history and anthropology in that they strive to unravel the sometimes-obscure chronology and context of the Cameroonian past using the tools and approaches of both of those disciplines. The first volume of the series constitutes a partial collection of the efforts of a scholar whose work mainly appeared in the 1950s and 1960s "when Cameroon Studies were in their relative infancy" (xviii). The second, dedicated to another ground-breaking researcher in the field, E. M. Chilver, is a diverse assembly of papers by more recent researchers who build on earlier work on the Bamenda Grassfields of Cameroon. In African Crossroads: Intersections between History and Anthropology in Cameroon, Ian Fowler and David Zeitlyn lead off with a discussion of the scholarly controversies surrounding the economic and linguistic diversity of the Grassfields area. An emphasis is placed on the "Tikar Problem", wherein the many dynasties claiming descent from the Tikar have neither linguistic nor cultural commonalities among them. The editors suggest that the Tikar introduced a "model" for a tribe, which Grassfields, chiefdoms emulated by claiming origin from them. Richard Fardon, in the first essay, "The Person, Ethnicity and the Problem of Identity in West Africa," confirms the view that the identity of the Chamba seems to be a product of the retrojection of the tribe's collective memory into a comprehensive historical narrative in which they could not have participated.

87. Embassy Of The Federal Republic Of Nigeria km (2513 mi.) with four neighbors Chad, cameroon, Benin, and of today with IgboUkwu, the history of Borno Bolstered by trade with the Nile region and Trans http://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/history.shtml

HISTORY AND PEOPLE NIGERIA Much has been said and written about Nigeria, her people and culture, economy and politics, that sheds light on the tremendous potential of this African Giant. However, little is known to the outside world about the many exciting tourist attractions available in Nigeria: Historic sites nestled amid rivers and rain forests, breathtaking mountain vistas, remote creek villages, miles of pristine beaches and exotic national wildlife reserves. There are also museums, festivals, music and dance, a rich cultural melange right down to everyday traditional markets. These are just some of the spectacular sights and sensual delights awaiting the traveler to Nigeria. Nigeria has the largest population of any country in Africa (about 120 million), and the greatest diversity of cultures, ways of life, cities and terrain. With a total land area of 923,768 sq. km. (356,668 sq. mi.) Nigeria is the 14th largest country in Africa. Its coastline, on the Gulf of Guinea, stretches 774 km (480 mi.). Nigeria shares its international border of 4,470 km (2513 mi.) with four neighbors: Chad, Cameroon, Benin, and Niger. Until 1989 the capital was Lagos, with a population of about 2,500,000, but the government recently moved the capital to Abuja. CLIMATE AND WEATHER Nigeria lies entirely within the tropics yet there are wide climactic variations. In general, there are two seasons, dry and wet, throughout Nigeria. Near the coast, the seasons are less sharply defined. Temperatures of over 900F are common in the north, but near the coast, where the humidity is higher, temperatures seldom climb above that mark. Inland, around the two great rivers, the wet season lasts from April-Oct. and the dry season from Nov.-March. Temperatures are highest from Feb-April in the south and MarchJune in the north; they're lowest in July and Aug. over most of the country.

88. Astrobiology Magazine :: Search For Life In The Universe Terrestrial Climate history Defusing africa s killer lakes in a remote region ofCameroon, an international team of scientists takes extraordinary steps to http://www.astrobio.net/news/Topic4.html

@import url("themes/Red-White-Blue/style/style.css"); Search for in All Topics Extrasolar Life Extreme Life Life and Giant Planets Mars Life Meteors, Comets and Asteroids Missions New Planets Stellar Evolution Terrestrial Climate History Terrestrial Origins valArray = new Array(" Rarest of All Eclipses "," Fleshing Out Martian Proteins "," Slipping through the Rings "," The Inside-Out Earth? "," Earliest Bilateral Fossil Discovered "," Titanic Primordial Pull "," Opportunity to Enter Crater "," Saturn: The Closest Pass "," Venus Above the Clouds "," Setting Twin Sights "," Reflecting on Climate Change "," On the Road "," Chasing Dust Devils "," Capturing the Solar Wind "," Stormy Bands on Ringed World "," "); Astrobiology Headlines: Get the latest news from astrobio.net..... Main Menu Home Subscribe Archive Features Great Debates Table Talk Expeditions Perspectives ... Espanol Hot Topics All Topics Terrestrial Origins Extreme Life Mars Life ... Stellar Evolution Image Galleries Studio Panoramas Terrafirma Now Find-It Monthlies Multimedia Search Syndication Spread the Word ... About Ephemerids On this day in...

89. Bibliography eds.) Disease in African history. Durham Duke university press, 1978. DeLancey,Mark. “Plantation and Migration in the Mount cameroon Region” in Mainz http://www.bakwerilands.org/bibliography.htm

Bibliography Home A Select Bibliography of the Bakweri Land Problem “Petition of the Bakweri Land Committee, Cameroons under British Mandate.” Africa 18(4), October 1948, Pg. 30 “Petition of the Bakweri Land Claims Committee to the Trusteeship Council.” U.N.O. Doc. T/PET.4.3, Report of the Trusteeship Visiting Mission, 1949. "Petitions from Bakweri Land Committee. Summary of the Findings and Recommendations of the Investigating officer and the Preliminary Observations of the Nigerian Government." Lagos, 1949. “The Endeley-Burnley-Mukete Memorandum on Land Tenure and Problems Resulting From Ruthless Alienation of Lands in Fako Division.” Sept. 17, 1973. Ardener, Edwin. Kingdom on Mount Cameroon: Studies in the History of the Cameroon Coast 1500 . Cameroon Studies, Vol. 1. Oxford: Berghan Books, 1996 Ardener, Shirley (ed). Swedish Adventures in Cameroon, 1833-1923. Trade and Travel, People and Politics. Cameroon Studies, Vol. 4. Oxford: Berghan Books, Ardener Edwin; Ardener, Shirley; Warmington, W.A. Plantation and Village in the Cameroons Some social and Economic and Social Studies . London: Oxford University Press, 1960

90. "Conflict - Mandara Mountains, Cameroon And Nigeria" -Mtn-Forum On-Line Library Mandara Mountain region has a long history of conflict. the Mandara mountains a comparativeregional approach Conflict Mandara Mountains, cameroon and Nigeria http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/sterj02a.htm

Conflict and Peace in Mountain Societies Case Study Conflict - Mandara Mountains, Cameroon and Nigeria by Judy Sterner, Ph.D., Calgary, Alberta, Canada Critical features of the Mandara Mountains of northeastern Nigeria and North Cameroon: low altitude (highest peak c. 1400 m), many ethnic/linguistic groups (50 or more), high population density (30-200 people per square kilometre), extensively terraced, colonial history (colonized by Germans, then partitioned between the British and the French), pre-colonial history (conflict between plains dwelling Islamic states and non-Islamic ethnic groups of the mountains), international border (Cameroon/Nigeria). 4. If your mountains currently enjoy peace, was there ever a time when they were in strife? How was this conflict eventually resolved? The colonial period (early 1900s to 1960) added to the conflict. The Germans provided Fulani warlords with guns. A German officer with African troops took refuge in the far north of the mountains and held out against British and French troops for more than a year. All three colonial powers used Fulani and other traditional enemies of the montagnards to collect taxes. Resistance to taxation by montagnards during the 1930s, a period of extreme drought and locust infestations, resulted in being references to 'truculent hill pagans', entire villages being burned, arrests, and attempts to resettle them on the plains. A period of 'taming' or pacification led up to independence. Both the Cameroonian and Nigerian governments have also tried bring the montagnards down to the plains.

91. Africa Information and listings for africa http://www.ezresult.com/related/Africa

Results for Africa 1 to 20 of 8492 results. History of Africa - ezResult.com rank: private mortgage insurance asbestos cancer bad credit credit cards mortgage refinancing bankrupt colorado mortgage rates car loans for people with bad credit bad credit personal loans History of Africa (Redirected from Outline of the history of Africa) The following is an outline of African history, followed by a list of articles about the history of particular places in Africa. The text History of Africa - ezResult.com rank: bad credit loans home mortgage loan credit rating maryland mortgage rates mortgage lenders college loan new jersey mortgage rates personal credit reports History of Africa (Redirected from Africa/History) The following is an outline of African history, followed by a list of articles about the history of particular places in Africa. The text may seem a little dated because it was taken or History of Africa - ezResult.com rank: Lehigh County, Pennsylvania National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws Wikipedians/Slovenia Walter Sisulu Charles II of Spain She Bop Color (disambiguation) Cthulhu Mythos History of Africa From ezResult.com, the open information source. The following is an outline of African history, followed by a list of articles about the history of particular places in Africa. The text ma

92. JMR : Middlemen Of The Cameroons River knowledge of some of the African participants in work is an intensive and comprehensivehistory of Duala in both the Atlantic and cameroon region, and indeed http://www.jmr.nmm.ac.uk/site/request/setTemplate:singlecontent/contentTypeA/con

Low graphics version FAQ Feedback Site map You are here: JMR Home Home Articles Book reviews Conference reports ... Feedback Middlemen of the Cameroons River The Duala and their Hinterland, c.1600-c.1960 Ralph Austen and Johnathan Derrick Review by Trevor R. Getz, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Journal Issue : October 2000 The development of Atlantic History as a field of study has had the effect of opening Africa to historians of Europe and the Americas in much the same way as the development of navigation technology in the fifteenth century opened the continent to European and subsequently American merchants. But just as the inconsistently navigable rivers and the sometimes powerful polities of Africa limited the ability of those early traders to infiltrate the interior or littoral, so too modern specialists in non-African fields are often hindered by limitations in their understanding of the cultural and socio-economic history of these regions. It is fortunate for Atlantic history, therefore, that scholars of Africa such as Ralph Austen and Jonathan Derrick have begun to contribute their localised knowledge of some of the African participants in maritime commerce and society to the field. Their study of the Duala, a people whose small population did not exclude them from contributing significantly to Atlantic trade, encompasses almost four hundred years of history. The resulting work is an intensive and comprehensive history of Duala participation in both the Atlantic and Cameroon region, and indeed their role as middlemen between the two.

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