61. History Of Cameroon - Encyclopedia Article About History Of Cameroon. Free Acces history. during World War I and after the war was the capital of French cameroon. Yaoundéis a regional center for coffee, cacao, copra, sugar cane, and rubber http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/History of Cameroon

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia History of Cameroon Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Early history The earliest inhabitants of Cameroon The United Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central Africa. It borders on Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and the Gulf of Guinea. The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy. The capital is Yaounde. Click the link for more information. were probably the Bakas idiot fool or silly (depending on context). It is also used in the English language, especially among fans of anime (and subcultures in close contact) for the same meaning. baka literally means "horse-deer". The word may come from a story mentioned in Records of the Grand Historian, a 91AD work from China, written by Sima Qian. The story is about how Zhao Gao, who conspired a coup d'etat, tested his servants' loyalty. He referred to his deer offering to Emperor Ying Huhai as a horse. Some followed suit and colled it a horse, while others called it a deer. Zhao Gao called a hit on those who disagreed with him. Click the link for more information.

62. African Studies Centre - Culture, Politics And Inequality Funding ASC. Location cameroon. Keywords ethnoregional conflict, regional organizations,mobility and exclusion Keywords resistance, history, longue durée. http://asc.leidenuniv.nl/research/themegroup-cpi.htm

Culture, Politics and Inequality Head: Prof. Dr G.J. Abbink Theme: Clickez ici pour le texte français Projects Title: Borders of Africa: The dynamics of political loyalty and local identity Theme group: Culture, Politics and Inequality Researcher(s): G.J. Abbink and R.A. van Dijk Funding: DGIS, Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (publication support) Period: Keywords: borders, mobility, identity Output: edited book Title: History, memory and identity: Wolayta, Ethiopia, 1893-2000 Theme group: Culture, Politics and Inequality Researcher(s): G.J. Abbink Cooperation: Data De'a (University of Bergen, Norway) Ministry of Culture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Frobenius Institute, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany Funding: ASC Location: Ethiopia Period: Keywords: Ethiopia, politics of memory, revolt and resistance, ethnicity and politics, ethno-history, regional identity Output: article, monograph Title: The Suri people of Ethiopia: Struggle and survival in a globalizing world Theme group: Culture, Politics and Inequality Researcher(s): G.J. Abbink Cooperation: Mike and Andrea Bryant (SIL, Ethiopia)

63. Columbus World Travel Guide - Africa - Cameroon - History And Government history and Government history In the first century, the Sao Presentday Cameroonwas at the heartland of an ethnic groups live in the region, the largest of http://www.travel-guide.com/data/cmr/cmr580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Africa/Cameroon/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Cameroon hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Africa /Cameroon CAMEROON History and Government History: In the first century, the Sao people settled around Lake Chad and it is from them that much of the country’s remarkable sculpture originates. Present-day Cameroon was at the heartland of an area that extended into Nigeria, under the control of the Duala people. An estimated 200 distinct ethnic groups live in the region, the largest of which is the Bamileke, a Bantu-related tribe occupying the west and centre of the country. Equatorial Bantu live in the area between the Congo basin and the plateaux of the interior. Small hunting bands of pygmies (the original inhabitants of central Africa) dwell in the remote southern forests. Contact with Europe was first made in the 15th century, with the arrival of the Portuguese. The area later became a German protectorate in the 1880s. But after Germany’s defeat in World War I, Cameroon was divided between Britain and France under a League of Nations (and later a United Nations) mandate instituted in 1919. French Cameroon achieved independence in 1957, under the control of the principal pro-independence party, the Union Nationale Camerounaise (UNC). In 1961, a plebiscite was held to decide the future of British Cameroon – the northern provinces voted to become part of Nigeria, while the south opted for union with French Cameroon. A centralised political and administrative system was introduced with the veteran northern politician, Ahmadou Ahidjo, as president.

64. MOTHERLAND NIGERIA: BRIEF HISTORY (by Boomie O.) to leave Nigeria, but Northern cameroon stayed. aid with the explanation of the historywill be Ironsi, overthrew the central and regional governments, killed http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/history.html

BRIEF HISTORY SITE AWARDS NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS SEND FREE WEBCARD IMMIGRATION ... SCAM INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRO THE GEOGRAPHY LOCATION MAP RIVERS PATRIOTIC STUFF FLAG COAT OF ARMS NATIONAL ANTHEM NATIONAL PLEDGE MOTTO PEOPLES POPULATION RELIGION -CHRISTIANITY -ISLAM -TRADITIONAL -INFLUENCE ETHNIC GROUPS -YORUBA -IBO (or IGBO) -OTHERS LANGUAGES -YORUBA ALPHABET -HAUSA ALPHABET -LINKS TO OTHERS LANGUAGE RESOURCES -GENERAL RESOURCES -YORUBA RESOURCES -IBO RESOURCES -HAUSA RESOURCES -OTHERS MORE ON LANGUAGES -NUMBERS -PEOPLE -BODY PARTS -HOUSE PARTS -PLACES -OTHER WORDS ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES YORUBA NAMES -THE NAMING CEREMONY -COMMON PARTS -CIRCUMSTANTIAL NAMES IGBO NAMES HAUSA NAMES LINKS ON NAMES THE WEDDING MARRIAGE TIDBITS FAMILY TIDBITS OTHER SOURCES FOODS AND DRINKS INTRO SOME MEALS SOME DRINKS RECIPES RECIPES LINKS BUYING (ingredients and food) DINING (restaurants) HEALTHCARE TRADITIONAL HEALTH CURRENT HEALTH POLICY INFO FOR TRAVELERS OTHER LINKS HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS EDUCATION SCHOOL LANGUAGES SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL LEVELS SCHOOL ATTIRE SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION SCHOOL LINKS HOLIDAYS FESTIVALS ATTIRE TRANSPORTATION AIR LAND WATER SPORTS SPORTS PLAYED SPORTS HISTORY RECORDS SPORTS ASSOCIATIONS SITES ON SPORTS THE ARTS ART LITERATURE MEDIA -RADIO -TELEVISION -INTERNET JUJU MUSIC FUJI MUSIC AFRO-BEAT MUSIC OTHER MUSIC TYPES OTHER SITES WITH SAMPLES

65. HISTORY 312 Africa Since 1875 Map Study List give you a reason to learn where many of the places in modern African history arelocated Douala, Colonialera city, cameroon. Ethiopia, Precolonial region, Ethiopia. http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his312/maps/312map.htm

Map Study List Contents Instructions for the map test List of locations and items that may appear on the test Blank map of Africa showing national borders INSTRUCTIONS The map test is designed to give you a reason to learn where many of the places in modern African history are located. You will find this useful for following class discussion, and it will allow you to complete the assigned readings more quickly and with greater understanding. Although most people will receive an A on this test, there are always some who do very poorly and even fail it. Afterwards, they say that they did not take the test seriously enough, or they only studied a portion of the names. In order to avoid that, and to enable everyone to do well on the test, the professor offers the following instructions on how to prepare for it: Print out a copy of a blank map of Africa showing national borders. Make several photocopies of the map so you can practice. Using the maps in your books and in the University library, locate each of the items on the following list In the past, my map tests have had questions like the following:

66. Afrol News - Africa's Early Ecologic-cultural History Studied a profound point of change in the history of humanity a climatic shift in the sameregion at the especially from field work in southern cameroon the closest http://www.afrol.com/articles/10304

afrol News Frontpage Latest News Subscriptions Countries ... Contact Us See also: 13.04.2004 - Nigeria upgrades main local languages 06.04.2004 - New uses for West Africa's miracle yohimbe tree 02.04.2004 - Carnival to promote cultural tourism in Nigeria 23.03.2004 - New virus infections from bushmeat found in Central Africa ... Cameroon Africa's early ecologic-cultural history studied afrol News , 25 July The two last millenniums BC represented a key change in Africa's ecological and cultural history, which has been poorly studied. German multi-disciplinary scientists now are investigating whether the spread of agriculture into Western and Central Africa had environmental roots or if it was related to events in the Sahel. Case studies are made in Cameroon and Nigeria. The research programme of the scientist group from the Frankfurt University is focusing on the time span between year 2000 BC and year of the Christian calendar. During these two millenniums, vast areas of the African continent experienced profound cultural and ecological changes that have influenced the history of Africa until present days. The primary focus of the ample research programme was to be the transition from societies of hunters and gatherers to communities basing their economy and culture on agriculture and livestock farming. This cultural transition always "forms a profound point of change in the history of humanity," which "releases developments of great consequences" throughout the world, according to the German team.

67. International Projects - Africa are shared with the National Herbarium of cameroon. Department of Botany, NationalMuseum of Natural history. and cultural heritage of Ghana s central region. http://www.si.edu/intrel/internat/africa.htm

International Activities Africa Mali Studies Rift Valley Research Origin of the Mediterranean Sea Veterinary Research in Free-ranging Mammals in Southern Africa ... Terrestrial Arthropod Biodiversity, Ranomafana National Park Project Mali Studies Dr. Mary Jo Arnoldi is studying the ethnography and arts of Mali, including in particular the Malian National Youth Festival of Art and Sport. She is interested in the role that arts and sports play in the shaping of ideology, the construction of national identity, and regional and local ethnic identities. Contact: Dr. Mary Jo Arnoldi, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History. Rift Valley Research The Baringo Paleontological Research Project involves study of the evolution of organisms and environments in the Rift Valley of central Kenya. The fossil-bearing deposits of the area span the time period between about 16 and one million years ago and include important evidence of human evolution. The project, underway since 1983, is directed by Dr. Andrew Hill of Yale University and includes collaborators at the National Museums of Kenya, as well as a number of other U.S. institutions. Dr. Anna K. Behrensmeyer of the Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, is a member of the project and contributes to the study of the geology and taphonomy of fossil-bearing localities in the Baringo area. Contact: Dr. Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History.

68. SOAS: Centres with middlebelt peoples of cameroon and Nigeria. His current, regional researchfocuses on material culture and history including photographic http://www.soas.ac.uk/centres/centreinfo.cfm?navid=693

69. Regional > Africa > Cameroon http://www.xasa.com/directorio/mozilla/Top/Regional/Africa/Cameroon/

Results for Cameroon Open directory project Top Regional Africa Search in: Directory Web the entire directory only in Africa/Cameroon Localities Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education ... Weather See also: Web pages: Republic of Cameroon Information from Cameroonians about The Republic of Cameroon. http://www.compufix.demon.co.uk/camweb/ CIA Factbook Cameroon Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cm.html U.S. Department of State Background Notes Last updated December 1999. http://www.state.gov/www/background_notes/cameroon_9912_bgn.html French Colonies - Cameroon Background information and links. http://www.discoverfrance.net/Colonies/Cameroon.shtml FOC Country Profile - Cameroon Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. BBC Country Profile: Cameroon Basic information and links to news stories. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1042937.stm This category in other languages: Esperanto French German Greek ... Spanish Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.

70. Columbus World Travel Guide - Africa - Nigeria - History And Government history and Government history The states of Kanem and the balance of power in theregion, as did the easternbased National Council for Nigeria and cameroon. http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/nga/nga580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Africa/Nigeria/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Nigeria hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses General Information Passport/Visa Money ... Africa /Nigeria NIGERIA History and Government History: The states of Kanem and Borno, which flourished on the shores of Lake Chad from about AD 10 onwards, were the first imperial states in the region. Their wealth was founded on control of trans-Saharan trade routes. From the 11th to 14th centuries, the Islamic Hausa city-states were also a dominant influence, while in the southwest, the Yoruba cities of Ife, Oyo and Benin became major trading centres. In the 15th century, the Portuguese began trading – first for spices, later for slaves. The Portuguese were then supplanted by other European trading nations. The slave trade disrupted the balance of power in the region, as did the southward expansion of the Islamic faith and the arrival of Christian missionaries in the 18th century. At the end of the 19th century, the British conquered the territory of present-day Nigeria. After World War II, the first step towards decolonisation was the introduction of a federal system of government. A Muslim northerner, Alhaji Abulbakar Tafawa Balewa, became the first prime minister. After a period of internal self-government, full independence from Britain was achieved in 1960. The first post-independence government was a coalition of members of the Northern People’s Congress and the eastern-based National Council for Nigeria and Cameroon. Since then, the country has endured numerous changes of government, in which the most important factor has almost always been the influence of the military. Concerned that ethnic and religious differences could split the country apart, the army has chosen to intervene on several occasions to thwart a perceived threat to the integrity of the nation.

71. CARPE Web Page CARPE history The USAID Central African regional Program for were later added Burundi,cameroon, Democratic Republic governance in the region, and strengthen http://carpe.umd.edu/overview2004/history_2004.asp

Central African Regional Program for the Environment Home Overview Implementation Participants ... Resources OVERVIEW What is CARPE? History Organizational Chart CARPE History The USAID Central African Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE) is a 20-year regional initiative that began in September 1995. See also: CARPE News Goals Where CARPE Works CARPE was intended to coordinate work on identifying and establishing the conditions and practices required to reduce deforestation and loss of biological diversity in Central Africa. Although CARPE has been a nine-country, thirteen-partner project, under the new Strategic Objective the number of partners has increased. Its U.S.-based partners work with African NGOs, research and education organizations, government agencies, and private-sector consultants. Through these partners CARPE has engaged a variety of African stakeholders in evaluating threats to forests in Central Africa and identifying opportunities for sustainable forest management. After seven years of operation, CARPE is shifting its strategic focus and changing the location of its management functions. In its first phase, CARPE’s partners have focused on increasing our knowledge of Central African forests and biodiversity, and building institutional and human resources capacity. In the next thirteen years, however, CARPE partners aim to apply and implement sustainable natural resources management practices in the field with an added emphasis on the US contribution to the CBFP. CARPE will also improve environmental governance in the region, and strengthen natural resources monitoring capacity.

72. Background Notes Archive - Africa history The earliest inhabitants of cameroon were probably for the new Senate andregional councils has While cameroon has a number of independent newspapers http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/cameroon9603.html

Return to Africa Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

73. Africa Books By Region The message applies not only in cameroon, but beyond spread of HIV/AIDS has impactedthe region s capacity D., The Dance of Death Nigerian history Christopher http://www.africaaction.org/books/regions.htm

Top: Africa Policy Home Page Up: APIC Africa Web Bookshop Books Received and Recommended: Grouped by Region Africa General Central Africa East Africa North Africa ... West Africa Entries for books recommended by APIC staff, distribution list readers and website visitors, including authors recommending their own books, are in green text . Entries in black text indicate books received from publishers that have not yet been reviewed. The books are in alphabetical order within region by author's surname. Buy here and Amazon pays APIC 15% referral fee. Go directly to Amazon.com Buy here and Amazon pays APIC 5% referral fee. All Products Books Popular Music Classical Music Video Toys Consumer Electronics Enter keyword(s) below and click on Search. Buy here and Amazon pays APIC 5% referral fee. Africa General Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi and Algresia Akwi-Ogajor, editors . Taking the African Women's Movement into the 21st Century: Report of the First African Women's Leadership Institute, February 22nd to March 14th, 1997, Kampala, Uganda. . London: Akina Mama wa Afrika, June 1997. Available from

74. Central Africa Chad/Cameroon Oil Project, 8/1/98 The proposed Chad/cameroon Oil Pipeline project is of the impact of oil developmentin the region. africa has witnessed a long history of extraction of its http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_8198.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER Central Africa: Chad/Cameroon Oil Project, 8/1/98 Central Africa: Chad/Cameroon Oil Project Date distributed (ymd): 980801 Document reposted by APIC +++++++++++++++++++++Document Profile+++++++++++++++++++++ Region: Central Africa Issue Areas: +economy/development+ Summary Contents: This posting contains an open letter to the World Bank in July from 86 NGOs, calling on the Bank to suspend participation in a proposed oil and pipeline project in Chad and Cameroon, until human rights and environmental concerns are adequately addressed. +++++++++++++++++end profile++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Contact Information: Korinna Horta Environmental Defense Fund (http://www.edf.org) 1875 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 1016 Washington, D.C. 20009 USA Tel : 202 387 3500; Fax : 202 234 6049 Samuel Nguiffo Centre pour l'Environnement et le Developpement P.O. Box 8451 Yaounde, Cameroon Tel : +237 22 38 57; Fax : +237 22 38 59 July 9, 1998

75. Cameroon delimitation treaty over the lake region, which remains LE MESSAGER ONLINE (AfricaNews Service The Reunification Question in cameroon history Was the Bride http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107382.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Cameroon Infoplease Atlas: Cameroon Republic of Cameroon National name: President: Paul Biya (1982) Prime Minister: Peter Mafany Musonge (1996) Area: 183,567 sq mi (475,440 sq km) Population (2004 est.): 16,063,678 (growth rate: 2.0%); birth rate: 35.1/1000; infant mortality rate: 69.2/1000; life expectancy: 48.0; density per sq mi: 88 Capital: Largest city: Douala, 1,490,500 (metro.area), 1,274.300 (city proper) Monetary unit: CFA Franc Languages: French and English (both official); 24 major African language groups Ethnicity/race: Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwest Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1% Religions: indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Islam 20% Literacy rate: 79% (2003 est.)

76. African History the inhabitants of the Niger/cameroon borderlands had concerns as well as interregionalrelationships formidable challenge for students of African art history. http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/history/giblinhistory.html

Issues in African History Professor James Giblin, Department of History, The University of Iowa Like the art of all peoples, the art of Africans expresses values, attitudes, and thought which are the products of their past experience. For that reason, the study of their art provides a way of learning about their history. Through the study of African art we can study the questions which have long preoccupied historians of Africa. This essay written by a historian who studies the African past presents an introduction to these questions. Its purpose is to encourage students to use their knowledge of African art to think about issues in African history. As students of African art begin to consider the African past, they must also consider how Western conceptions of "race" and "racial" difference have influenced our notions of the African past. These ideas, which have usually contrasted the presumed inferiority of black peoples with the superiority of whites, arose in Western societies as Europeans sought to justify their enslavement of Africans and the subsequent colonization of Africa. Historians now recognize that ideas of racial inferiority have inspired the belief that in the past African peoples lived in a state of primitive barbarism. At the same time, they have realized that many of the European writings which they use to reconstruct the African past such as accounts by nineteenth-century missionaries and travelers, for example are themselves tainted by these same notions of African inferiority.

77. Central African Independence Search. African history cameroon Official name Republic of cameroon Independencefrom France and Britain 1960/61 The region was inhabited by north http://africanhistory.about.com/library/bl/bl-Independence-CA1.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History African History Home ... African Stencils zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Apartheid Slavery Biographies Era: Human Origins ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About African History newsletter. Search African History Central African Independence A chronology of colonization and independence. [Gazetteer Index page] Cameroon Official name: Republic of Cameroon Independence from France and Britain: 1960/61 The region was inhabited by north-western Bantu societies and was typified by the Duala who had established themselves as a centralized state in the 18th century and prospered form the trade in slaves from the Bamenda grasslands of the interior. It was under the nominal influence of the British until it was annexed by Germany in 1884. In 1919, following the First World War, Cameroon was divided between the French and the British. In 1955 the French killed 10,000 locals during a revolt, and the continued disturbances resulted in the French sector declaring independence in 1960. The British southern sector joined Cameroon in 1961 whilst the northern sector voted to join Nigeria. Central African Republic, CAR

78. Cameroon. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 6. cameroon’s exports consist mainly of petroleum and agricultural products Earlyhistory to Independence. Throughout history the region witnessed numerous http://www.bartleby.com/65/ca/CameroonRe.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia See also: Cameroon Factbook PREVIOUS NEXT CONTENTS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Cameroon (k r KEY ) , officially Republic of Cameroon, republic (1995 est. pop. 13,521,000), 183,568 sq mi (475,442 sq km), W central Africa. It is bordered on the southwest by the Gulf of Guinea, on the northwest by Nigeria, on the northeast by Chad, on the southeast by the Central African Republic, and on the south by Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea.

79. The History Of Cameroon. Early history. Islam was a significant influence entering cameroon from the north;other powerful influences entered from the southern coastal region. http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/ndi/History.html

The History of Cameroon From Encyclopedia Britannica.com Where is Cameroon? Early history The mandates ... Bibliography Early history From archaeological evidence it is known that humans have inhabited Cameroon for at least 50,000 years, and there is strong evidence of the existence of important kingdoms and states in more recent times. Of these, the most widely known is Sao, which arose in the vicinity of Lake Chad, probably in the 5th century AD. This kingdom reached its height from the 9th to the 15th centuries, after which it was conquered and destroyed by the Kotoko state, which extended over large portions of northern Cameroon and Nigeria. Kotoko was incorporated into the Bornu empire during the reign of Rabih az-Zubayr (Rabah) in the late 19th century, and its people became Muslims. Islam became a powerful force in the northern and central portions of the country through conquest, immigration, and the spread of commerce from north and northwestern Africa. The most significant bearers of this faith, the Fulani, entered northern Cameroon beginning in the 18th century. The first small groups of pastoralists were welcomed by the host populations. Eventually the Fulani, frustrated under non-Muslim rule and encouraged by the teachings of the mystic Usman dan Fodio, revolted. In the early 1800s Modibbo Adama was appointed by Usman to lead a jihad over large areas centred in northern Nigeria, which were incorporated into Usman's Sokoto empire. The Fulani expansion reached its southernmost point with the conquest of Bamoum, a kingdom founded in the 17th century by Nshare, the son of a Tikar chief. Bamoum was one of the largest of numerous kingdoms that emerged in the grassland areas of Cameroon at least 300 years ago. The Fulani conquest was brief and did not result in Islamization, although this faith was accepted by a later ruler, Sultan Njoya, in the early 20th century.

80. Travel In Yaoun De, Cameroon - History Yaoun De history. 1990 Football World Cup Glorious Team. European explorers encounteredthe coastal region of cameroon in the fifteenth century. http://www.africatravelling.net/cameroon/yaoun_de/yaoun_de_history.htm

Yaoun De - History 1990 Football World Cup Glorious Team In ancient times, the Chad basin was the birthplace of a series of important African civilizations. Islam reached the north of Cameroon long before European explorers discovered the coastal area of the country. Hence the northern part of Cameroon today retains a legacy of civilization and culture perhaps less disrupted by colonialism than in the south. The Bantu-derived peoples of the south comprise many ethnic groups. Although these groups share many cultural and economic connections, they did not establish large-scale political systems like those that dominated the north at regular intervals in precolonial times. European explorers encountered the coastal region of Cameroon in the fifteenth century. Eventually, trade developed. These economic arrangements satisfied the Europeans until the end of the nineteenth century, when annexing territory in Africa became the favorite form of competition among the European governments. Cameroon was annexed by Germany in 1884. German rule was actually productive in some ways: the Germans built public buildings, roads, and other engineering projects of practical value. Cameroon, like most African countries, was created by people in Berlin, London, or Paris drawing arbitrary lines on a map of the world. These boundaries seldom coincide with any pre-existing geographic or cultural divisions.

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