1. Africa Indigenous People Baule africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples. Bamana Bamileke Bamum Bangubangu Bangwa Baule Beembe Bembe Berber Bidyogo Bobo bushoong Bwa Chokwe http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_baule.htm

Baule Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA - Baule "One of the Akan group sharing similar language and, in general, matrilineal inheritance. They broke away from the Asante of Ghana in the 18th century, bringing with them craftsmanship in gold and gold leaf decoration." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/baule/welcome.html Baule People "The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Three hundred years ago the Baule people migrated westward from Ghana when the Asante rose to power. The tale of how they broke away from the Asante has been preserved in their oral traditions." You will find material related to history, culture, religion, political structure, art and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Baule.html

2. Indigenous Mathematics Of North America - Mathematics And The Liberal of Oceania, and the Tshokwe, bushoong, and Kpelle of africa. This very useful review geometric shapes in various North American indigenous peoples. Includes sacred numbers, number http://math.truman.edu/~thammond/history/IndigenousNorthAmerica.html

Indigenous Mathematics of North America - Mathematics and the Liberal Arts To refine search, see subtopics The Inuit American Indians , and The Bellacoola . To expand search, see Indigenous American Mathematics and North America . Laterally related topics: Indigenous Mathematics of Central and South America and The United States The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews , published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet Ascher, Marcia and Ascher, Robert. Ethnomathematics.

3. INTRODUCTION TO THE ART & ARCHAEOLOGY OF AFRICA is provided by the mosaic of indigenous wild prototype and personal arts of pastoral peoples, though all established the dominance of the bushoong (the ruling http://www.glaadh.ac.uk/documents/j_picton_course_ba.htm

Professor John Picton School of African and Asian Studies, London BA Course Outline Academic Session 2000-2001 This set of course outlines has been kindly given to us by Professor John Picton, School of African and Asian Studies, London. The dates have been left in to emphasise that this is intended as a snapshot of the curriculum. AFRICA (p. AFRICAN ART I. CONTEXT, REPRESENTATION, S I p ... RAPHY AND THE VISUAL ARTS (p. 45 – 73) th century "discovery". Both propositions have long since been proved untenable. Peter Garlake, 1978, The Kingdoms of Africa, a succinct account of much of the material discussed in this course, unfortunately out of print, but probably worth buying if you can find it; Thurstan Shaw, P Sinclair, B Andah, A Okpoko [eds],1993, The Archaeology of Africa, Martin Hall, 1986, Archaeology Africa,; a textbook of archaeology as a discipline with its theories and methods as practised in Africa. Its organisation does not fit easily with the current layout of this course, but it can be read alongside much of what happens here, as in the Theory and Method course; Frank Willett, 1971:

4. Indigenous American Mathematics - Mathematics And The Liberal Arts number systems, there are many interesting examples from the indigenous peoples of North and South America Oceania, and the Tshokwe, bushoong, and Kpelle of africa. This very useful http://math.truman.edu/~thammond/history/IndigenousAmericas.html

Indigenous American Mathematics - Mathematics and the Liberal Arts To refine search, see subtopics Indigenous Mathematics of North America and Indigenous Mathematics of Central and South America . To expand search, see The Americas . Laterally related topics: North America and Central and South America The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews , published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet Ascher, Marcia. Before the conquest.

5. ENC Online: Curriculum Resources: Ethnomathematics: A Multicultural View Of Math of Oceania; and the Tshokwe, bushoong, and Kpelle of africa. Among mathematical ideas, the Subsequent chapters describe how different indigenous peoples use sand tracings in story http://www.enc.org/resources/records/0,1240,011307,00.shtm

Skip Navigation You Are Here ENC Home Curriculum Resources Search the Site More Options Classroom Calendar Digital Dozen ENC Focus ... Ask ENC Explore online lesson plans, student activities, and teacher learning tools. Search Browse About Curriculum Resources Read articles about inquiry, equity, and other key topics for educators and parents. Create your learning plan, read the standards, and find tips for getting grants. Ethnomathematics: a multicultural view of mathematical ideas Grades: ENC#: ENC-011307 Publisher: Date: Ordering Information Similar Records Featured in ENC Focus Subjects: Mathematics Cultural awareness. Geometry. History. Indigenous people. Instructional issues. Multicultural approaches. Number sense. Number systems. Number theory. Numbers. Patterns. Resource Type: Professional development; Resource materials for math or science. Media Type: Print material. Abstract: This book introduces readers to the field of ethnomathematics, or the study of mathematical ideas as they are expressed and embedded in some traditional cultures, such as the Inuit, Navajo, and Iroquois of North America; the Inca of South America; the Malekula, Warlpiri, Maori, and Caroline Islanders of Oceania; and the Tshokwe, Bushoong, and Kpelle of Africa. Among mathematical ideas, the author presents those involving number, logic, spatial configuration, and the organization of these ideas into systems or structures. The first chapter compares the counting systems of such language groups as Nahuatl (Central Mexico), Chol (Maya), and Dioi (South China) to the recording system of the Incan quipu. Subsequent chapters describe how different indigenous peoples use sand tracings in story telling to communicate space-time relationships; entertain themselves with logic puzzles and chance and strategy games; and use geometry to express concepts of three-dimensional space and to create patterns in art. A bibliography and an index are included. (Author/LCT)

6. ListRecords Chokwe (Tchokwe) (africa) /dccoverage dccoverage bushoong (africa) /dccoverage dclanguage eng practices of the indigenous peoples of America and africa that are suitable http://oai.prel.org/oai.asp?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc

7. Africa Indigenous People Resources Bangwa africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_resourc.htm

Bangwa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA -Bangwa "The Bangwa occupy a mountainous and part forested countryside west of the Bamileke in south-eastern Cameroon, near the headwaters of the Cross River. They comprise nine chiefdoms. People live in separate family compounds, sometimes with large meeting houses where visitors may be received." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bangwa/welcome.html Bangwa People "Authority among the Bangwa was traditionally instituted as part of the Bamileke political complex. Like most of the western Grasslands people, Babanki political authority is vested in a village chief, who is supported by a council of elders, and is called Fon." You will find material related to Bangwa history, culture, arts, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bangwa.html

8. Indigenous Mathematics Of Central And South America - Mathematics Laterally related topics indigenous Mathematics of North America She looks at traditional nonliterate peoples. Oceania, and the Tshokwe, bushoong, and Kpelle http://math.truman.edu/~thammond/history/IndigenousCentralAndSouthAmerica.html

Indigenous Mathematics of Central and South America - Mathematics and the Liberal Arts To refine search, see subtopics The Maya The Aztec The Inca The Chalchihuites , and The Teotihuacán Empire . To expand search, see Indigenous American Mathematics and Central and South America . Laterally related topics: Indigenous Mathematics of North America and Guatemala (and Cakchiquel Indians) The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews , published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet Ascher, Marcia. Before the conquest.

9. ArtLex On African Art african art, defined with images of examples, great quotations, and links to other resources. with the cultures of africa's northern parts typically referred to or Dioila area, Bamana peoples, Mother and Child, 15th Zaïre, Kuba, bushoong, Mask with Head Cloth, Ngady Mwaash http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/african.html

A frican art - Ceremonial sculpture masks , and crafts produced by African tribal cultures , as well as by the African cultures of colonial and post-colonial periods. Generally African art means sub-Saharan art, with the cultures of Africa's northern parts typically referred to as Egyptian and North African. Making generalizations about the visual culture of any group of people is a crude endeavor, especially with a culture as diverse as Africa's. With this thought in mind, know that this survey, as any must be, is tremendously limited in its breadth and depth. Examples of African art: Ife (Yoruba), Nigeria, Shrine Head , 12th century - 14th century, terra cotta , 12 x 5 3/4 x 7 inches, Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Mali, Bougouni or Dioila area, Bamana peoples, Mother and Child , 15th-20th century, wood height 48 5/8 inches (123.5 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. Nigeria, Edo peoples, Court of Benin, Pendant Mask: Iyoba , 16th century, ivory iron copper height 9 3/8 inches (23.8 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. See mask and pendant Nigeria, Edo peoples, Court of Benin

10. Afribilia - Latest Additions and claims not unnaturally - that the bushoong people make the B. De Winter 1966, South africa A good A comprehesive guide to 66 common indigenous trees of http://www.afribilia.com/cgi-bin/perlshop.pl?ACTION=thispage&thispage=latest.htm

11. Book Review Mathematics Elsewhere An Exploration Of Ideas Across frequently. driving out indigenous educational practices. And was Claudia Za slavskys africa Counts Number and Pattern at graph tracing among the bushoong. people of the http://www.ams.org/notices/200305/rev-katz.pdf

12. Remnants Of Ritual - The David Gelbard Collection Of African Art And Culture Understanding the indigenous language and its nuances opens a Yet few bushoong are aware of the full range initiation among the Dan and related peoples of West http://www.remnantsofritual.com/dialog.html

Understanding Narrative The Praise Song Cultural Borrowing Objects of Power ... In and Out of Context The second part of this introductory essay consists of conversations between the authors. Bourgeois and Rodolitz have team-taught a web-based course on this subject for more than five years utilizing a dialogue medium that lends itself to immediacy and informality. Essays in the usual sense speak TO the reader; dialogue, however, allows the reader to participate, if only in an imaginary sense. Additionally, in the medium of dialogue, the evolution of thought is more apparent than in an edited essay. Often, the journey to a conclusion is as important as the conclusion itself. The reader is encouraged to join in this ongoing exploration. AB: Why don't we begin by considering a group of related objects, not necessarily related by culture but by function?

13. Weapons In Context: Extract For example among the bushoong, the ruling group of kind had on the development of indigenous weaponry produced by the linguistically related peoples living in http://www.era.anthropology.ac.uk/Era_Resources/Era/Pitt_Rivers/shieweap/weaobj2

Weapons in Context Extract from Spring's African Weapons Weapons and Society Weapons and Warfare History and the 'Ethnographic Present' Earth and Fire: Iron Technology and the Blacksmith ... Main 'thinking about objects' page Introduction (pp 9-19; references given by Spring are fully cited in the bibliography This book is primarily intended as a celebration of African artistry and ingenuity. It also attempts to show the way in which arms and armour are incorporated into the complex material systems which express the structure of non-industrialised societies. The book takes as its subject a particular category of artefact which may not conform to Western preconceptions of what constitutes African art, but this should not be allowed to detract from our appreciation. Furthermore, the creativity which has gone into the production of African arms and armour must not be obscured by the fact that these artefacts are often used in a context which attests to man's most negative and destructive cultural proclivity. At the risk of playing devil's advocate, I believe that to underrate the significance of these artefacts within the societies which produced them would be to overlook a whole range of human endeavour and activity. Weapons and Society It is difficult both to detect and to analyse the concept of aesthetic appreciation in societies which do not appear to have a perception of 'art' as we in the West understand it. However, there is some evidence to suggest that there is a considerable difference between the type of object which might be considered of aesthetic significance in an African as opposed to a Western context. As Vaughan (1973) has pointed out, the Marghi of Northern Nigeria 'do not consider rock paintings or calabash decorations fitting topics for artistic activity, while they do view weapons as products which are worthy of an aesthetic appreciation'.

14. FAF - Preamble were all attached to wealth in indigenous systems. The wealthy were important people with influence in governmental For the bushoong of Congo, work is the http://www.freeafrica.org/concept_of_wealth.html

Home Indigenous Africa The Concept Of Wealth In Traditional Africa George B.N. Ayittey Most lineages in traditional Africa have a "family pot," a general welfare fund managed by the head of the extended family. Income-earning members are obligated to make contributions to this fund. Obligations vary from family to family and tribe to tribe. The contributor in some cases may make a minimum regular payment. In other cases, the contribution may be irregular and based upon financial ability. In some families, contributions may be entirely voluntary for those who no longer live in the village. However, failure to contribute is often interpreted as an abandonment of one's family, which is considered a serious transgression. The offender may be ostracized or caused to forfeit his inheritance rights. However, atonement can often be made with one "large" contribution to cover past arrears. Across Africa, the family pot, called the agbadoho among the Ewe seine fishermen of Ghana, is used for a variety of purposes: to provide the initial start-up capital for a business or trade; to finance the education, hospitalization and the foreign trip of a member of the extended family; to cover funeral expenses; to finance improvement costs to the family land; or to construct new dwellings. The African family pot, not well understood, has also been the source of much confusion and myth. The erroneous corollary was the assumption that there were neither poverty nor rich peasants in pre-colonial Africa. Even the United Nations Regional Department on Social Welfare Policy and Training of the Economic Commission for Africa, succumbed to this myth in 1972:

15. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General Ma. indigenous Fellowship of 100+ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=105949&rog3=CG

16. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General Bangobango. indigenous Fellowship of 100 http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=100987&rog3=CG

17. MA: Art And Society In Africa, 2001-2002 The Course Is Broadly Concerned With Th art and social identity in subSaharan africa. It is taught history among people in africa; and it is with these terms of any supposed indigenous "authenticity" is bound to fail http://www.glaadh.ac.uk/documents/j_picton_course_ma.htm

Professor John Picton School of African and Asian Studies, London. MA Course Outline Academic Session 2000-2001 This set of course outlines has been kindly given to us by Professor John Picton, School of African and Asian Studies, London. The dates have been left in to emphasise that this is intended as a snapshot of the curriculum. 02 (p. 2 – READINGS IN ART AND SOCIETY IN A FRICA (p Selected reading: The Yoruba Artist, Washington DC Arnoldi M J, 1995: Playing with Time . . . Central Mali, Indiana Africa and the Renaissance, New York Bradbury R E, 1973: Benin Studies Deliss C [et al], Seven Stories about Modern Art in Africa, London Enwezor O [ed], 2000: Fardon R [ed], 1995: Counterworks, London (see especially his introduction) Liberated Voices: contemporary Art from South Africa, New York Kasfir S, 1999: Contemporary African Art, The Gelede Spectacle, Seattle Reading the Contemporary: African Art from Theory to the Marketplace Onobrakpeya B, 1992: The Spirit in Ascent Ottenberg S, 1997: New Traditions from Nigeria:. . the Nsukka group, Washington DC Pemberton III J [ed], 2000:

18. ISGEm, Volume 4 Number 2, May 1989 with more figures than the bushoong, but only of mathematical materials based on indigenous African practices People who live in round houses, Arithmetic Teacher http://web.nmsu.edu/~pscott/isgem42.htm

Volume 4 Number 2, May 1989 ISGEm Advisory Board Gloria Gilmer, President Milwaukee, WI 53205 Ubiratan D'Ambrosio, Vice President Universidade Estadual de Campinas Gilbert J. Cuevas, Research Coordinator University of Miami Patrick Scott, Editor University of New Mexico Elisa Bonilla, Assistant Editor Claudia Zaslavsky, Secretary New York, NY 10040 USA Luis Ortiz Franco, Member-at-Large Chapman College David Davison Eastern Montana University Anna Grosgalvis, Treasurer Milwaukee Public Schools Sau-Lin Tsang, Research Coordinator Southwest Center for Educational Equity ISGEm NEWS Minutes of the meeting of the ISGEm in Orlando, Florida, as reported by Luis Ortiz-Franco. The annual business meeting of the ISGEm was held on Thursday, April 13, 1989, during the Annual Meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). We saw some familiar faces and many new faces. The fact that there were many new people in the meeting is a sign that we are growing. The meeting was chaired by Dr. Gloria Gilmer and the agenda included the following items: 1. Kathy Layton from NCTM conveyed information to ISGEm regarding affiliation with NCTM and the benefits that accompany such a relationship. Some of those benefits are: consultant services available at no cost; national and regional representatives are available to affiliates; NCTM underwrites conferences, membership drives, and provides grants for special projects and mailing labels. NCTM can also provide assistance in incorporating without paying legal fees provided the constitution and by-laws of the group seeking affiliation contain a dissolution clause and a non-restrictive membership clause. The current draft's of ISGEM's constitution and by-laws do contain these clauses so it looks like we are a good position to proceed with affiliation with NCTM if we so desire.

19. African Art Mask African masks are mobile in their indigenous settings, Elegance Exorcism Mask country Zaire people Holo Holo 16th century bushoong art is characterized by http://www.world-art-resources.com/african_art_mask.html

World-Art-Resources.com The World's Largest Art-Related Link Directory! Affiliate Program Advertising HOME World-Art-Resources.com Recommended Searches... art fantasy art african art art supply ... japanese art 91 Related Web Resources - > Shop for African Art Masks at Novica Shop for world art and home décor at Novica. Connect with world artists of handcrafted home décor, unique jewelry, and original art from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. http://www.novica.com The Art of the African Mask http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~bcr/African_Mask.html Detroit Institute of Arts : Permanent Collection - AONWC: African ... Mask. Early 19th century; Angola, Chokwe; Wood, hemp; height 20 cm (8 in.); Bequest of W. Hawkins Ferry; 1988.193 The Chokwe of Angola http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/africanart/1988.193.html Detroit Institute of Arts : Permanent Collection - AONWC: African ... Mask (Ngaady-a-Mwash). height 82 cm (32 1/2 in.); Founders Society Purchase, Mr. and Mrs. Allan Shelden III Fund, funds from the Friends of African Art and the http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/africanart/1992.215.html

20. APFT Pilot Report - English - III - FOREST POPULATIONS common practice is to exploit nonindigenous and semi These influential political people do not necessarily have Kuba and bushoong, Zaïre, VANSINA, 1956 ; ESOMBA http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Sonja/RF/Ukpr/Report133.htm

III - FOREST POPULATIONS A) TYPES OF EXPLOITATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT B) THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST SOCIETIES 1) Traditional populations and the forest 2) From symbiotic to specialized economies ... 2) The main ethnic groups A) TYPES OF EXPLOITATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Throughout the forest, from the Atlantic to the East African Lakes, from the 4th Parallel North and 4th Parallel South, different strategies for exploiting the forest co-exist. Traditional swidden agriculturists living in dense rainforest areas make up about 80 % of forest populations. Shifting agriculture provides the basis of their food system, supplemented by hunting, gathering and fishing. All these populations are dependent on wild forest products, whether they themselves engage in hunting, gathering and fishing or whether they obtain them from groups specializing in these activities, hunter-gatherer Pygmies or fishing populations along the rivers. In the Congo Basin, vast swampy areas of flooded forest have emerged around the big rivers ; these particular ecological niches have lead to the development of specific economic systems which include fishing populations living on the islands on the rivers and fishing-agriculturist populations exploiting the silted land. These areas have long since been characterized by a symbiotic network of regional exchanges and the high degree of specialization in fishing and commercial exchanges.

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