61. Regional Africa Burundi FOC Country Profile burundi - Notes on geography, history, politics,economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. http://www.pastconnect.com/odp/directory/Regional/Africa/Burundi/

Sponsored Links What are you looking for? the entire directory only in Africa/Burundi Popular Categories Popular Searches Recent Categories Recent Searches ... Africa : Burundi Top Categories: Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Government ... Travel and Tourism Top Web Sites: BBC Country Profile: Burundi - Key facts and events, timeline, media links. Burundi - The "Central and Eastern Africa SubRegional Resource Facility" offers a country profile and statistic data. Burundi - Map and short description. Burundi - Overview and key facts. CIA World Factbook: Burundi - Demographics, maps, information on industry, history, economics, communications, military, transnational issues. FOC Country Profile - Burundi - Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. USAfrica: Burundi - General information and facts. Try other search sites: Burundi " search on: All the Web AltaVista Gigablast Google USENET ... Yahoo Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Powered by ODP++

62. :: Ez2Find :: Burundi and Eastern Africa Subregional Resource Facility html; CIA World Factbook burundi- Site Info maps, information on industry, history, economics, communications http://ez2find.com/cgi-bin/directory/meta/search.pl/Regional/Africa/Burundi/

Guide : Burundi Global Metasearch Any Language English Afrikaans Arabic Bahasa Melayu Belarusian Bulgarian Catala Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Cymraeg Czech Dansk Deutsch Eesti Espanol Euskara Faroese Francais Frysk Galego Greek Hebrew Hrvatski Indonesia Islenska Italiano Japanese Korean Latvian Lietuviu Lingua Latina Magyar Netherlands Norsk Polska Portugues Romana Russian Shqip Slovensko Slovensky Srpski Suomi Svenska Thai Turkce Ukrainian Vietnamese Mode All Words Any Word Phrase Results Timeout Depth Adult Filter Add to Favorites Other Search Web News Newsgroups Images Guides Burundi ez2Find Home Directory Regional Africa : Burundi Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Government ... Travel and Tourism Related Categories World: Kiswahili Web Sites BBC Country Profile: Burundi [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] Key facts and events, timeline, media links. URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1068873.stm Burundi [Site Info] [Translate] [Open New Window] The "Central and Eastern Africa Sub-Regional Resource Facility" offers a country profile and statistic data. URL: http://www.ceasurf.org/burundi/index.htm

63. Website Directory: Regional > Burundi (0) Home regional burundi Some history Search Engines. HTML Analyzer SiteSubmitter. Privacy Disclaimer. Add Site FAQ The Site Dashboard. http://www.thisisouryear.com/?p=category&c=172

64. Country Information The Central and Eastern Africa Subregional Resource Facility offers a country profile and statistic data. http://www.ceasurf.org/burundi/index.htm

Visit the other SURFs Arab States Caribbean Latin America Southern Africa West Africa UNDP Practice Areas CEA-SURF Countries Information HISTORY In the periods preceding the coming of European Colonialism, Burundi was governed by traditional African monarchies. Burundi gained independence from Belgium in 1962 and has been governed since then by a succession of minority Tutsi governments. The country was governed by constitutional monarchy until 1966 when Prime Minister Captain Michel Micombero declared a republic. In 1976 Colonel Jean Baptiste Bagaza, who in turn was deposed by Major Pierre Buyoya in1978, overthrew him. The 1993 presidential elections brought Melchior Ndadaye to power, defeating the incumbent, Major Buyoya. However, President Ndadaye was killed in a coup attempt in 1994. His successor, Cyprien Ntaryamira, died after two months in office when the plane carrying him and the Rwandese president was shot down over Kigali. Major Pierre Buyoya reclaimed power through a coup d'etat in 1996. He abolished the constitution, suspended the national assembly, and prohibited political parties, triggering the imposition of economic sanctions by neighboring countries. The sanctions were eased in April 1997 to allow emergency assistance to reach vulnerable groups in Burundi. Agreement was reached on a cease-fire in June 1998 and rules of procedure were adopted in July. In light of the government's engagement into negotiations with other parties to the conflict, and recognizing progress realized through internal and external peace processes, the sanctions were suspended on January 23, 1999. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, was to be the first step towards holding national elections in three years. However, the unwillingness of the Hutu rebels to enact a cease fire with Bujumbura continues to obstruct prospects for a sustainable peace.

65. CNN.com - Key Dates In Burundi's Post-independence History - August 27, 2000 The following is a chronology of the tiny central African state of burundi where the Tutsidominated army is at war with Hutu rebels Key dates in burundi's post-independence history. BUJUMBURA http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/08/27/burundi.chronology.reut

world africa Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Key dates in Burundi's post-independence history BUJUMBURA, Burundi (Reuters) The following is a chronology of the tiny central African state of Burundi where the Tutsi-dominated army is at war with Hutu rebels:

66. FWDP -- Geostrategies In The Great Lakes Conflict And Spatial Designs For Peace Discusses proposed solutions to the regional conflict affecting areas of Eastern Za¯re, Rwanda, burundi, Uganda, and Tanzania. http://www.cwis.org/hutu3_1.html

Geostrategies in the Great Lakes Conflict and Spatial Designs for Peace Dr. Richard A. Griggs, Independent Projects Trust, Durban (Dr. Griggs is Research Director for Independent Projects Trusta non-governmental organization in Durban, South Africa. Griggs is also coordinator for the Center for World Indigenous Studies Fourth World Atlas Project.) 1. The Structural Conditions of Conflict Structure refers to relatively immobile social, physical, or economic factors that either constrain or facilitate conflict and help shape the geostrategic responses and discursive practices of key actors. Three such factors in the present situation are: (1) irrational political boundaries; (2) land shortages and environmental stress; and (3) ethnically differentiated access to power and wealth. 1.1 Political Boundaries 1.2 Land Shortages Burundi and Rwanda could easily have the highest percentage of disturbed, overpopulated land in Africa. Discounting uninhabitable areas [e.g., 10% of Rwanda's 26,340 square kilometers is National Park], the population density within Rwanda and Burundi exceeds 400 persons per square kilometer. Land scarcity, soil exhaustion, and a limited food supply were problems already noted in pre-colonial times. Colonial policy then intensified this environmental and demographic stress by encouraging large scale coffee and tea plantations. Through various policies of taxation, the German and Belgian administrators destroyed subsistence farming and communal ownership to force most of the rural population into coffee production. Consequent land shortages decreased per capita food production.

67. CNN.com - Regional Leaders Slap Burundi Parties With Cease-fire Deadline - Septe CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/09/20/burundi.peace.03/index.html

world africa Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Regional leaders slap Burundi parties with cease-fire deadline Stop shooting or face sanctions, summit hosts tell government, rebels

68. CNN.com - Regional Leaders Slap Burundi Parties With Cease-fire Deadline - Septe Nelson Mandela summoned the groups that have so far boycotted the burundi peace process for new talks Wednesday in hopes of finalizing a powersharing agreement and establishing a cease-fire to http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/09/20/burundi.peace.03

world africa Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Regional leaders slap Burundi parties with cease-fire deadline Stop shooting or face sanctions, summit hosts tell government, rebels

69. Burundi On The Internet policy, diplomatic history, military affairs and military history, and issues ofnational security, Has articles such as burundi by JR Great Lakes Region. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/burundi.html

Countries : Burundi Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: Burundi News Africa Confidential Short excerpts only from the latest issue and past issues of the well-known London political newsletter established in 1960. http://www.africa-confidential.com/countryindex.htm [Some universities have full text access. Stanford users see the Electronic Journals page . The full text is in Adobe PDF.] American Diplomacy Electronic journal with a "focus on foreign policy, diplomatic history, military affairs and military history, and issues of national security," Has articles such as "Burundi" by J. R. Bullington. Published with the cooperation of the Triangle Institute for Security Studies (T.I.S.S.) based at the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/ Amnesty International. Great Lakes Region. Refugees Denied Protection "Standards of refugee protection in Tanzania have dropped dramatically again since late 1999 as scores of Burundian and Rwandese refugees have been forcibly returned to their countries in violation of Tanzanian law..." Full text report - AFR 02/02/00, May 2000. http://www.web.amnesty.org/ai.nsf/index/AFR020022000 Association de Reflexion et d'Information sur le Burundi, ARIB

70. East Africa Living Encyclopedia burundi history 5th TO 11th CENTURIES AD Bahutu agriculturalists migrate intothe region and dominate the indigenous tribal groups, including the Batwa. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/bhistory.htm

East Africa Living Encyclopedia Burundi Internet Resources Anthem Burundi Map Burundian Flag ... Weather (Supported by a Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Kenya Tanzania ... Rwanda Burundi History 5th TO 11th CENTURIES AD: Bahutu agriculturalists migrate into the region and dominate the indigenous tribal groups, including the Batwa. 14th TO 18th

71. The University Of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe a significant number of students from neighboring countries including the East Africanregion, notably burundi, Rwanda, Somalia The University s history. http://www.bard.edu/iile/univ_zim/index.shtml

The University of Zimbabwe , Harare, Zimbabwe Semester Dates: st Semester: August 9 - November 19, 1999; 2 nd Semester: February/March - May/June, 2000 Website: http://www.uz.ac.zw/ Location and Population The University is located in Mr. Pleasant, a residential suburb of Harare, the capital city. 7,000 students attend the University. The population of Harare is 1.2 million. The population of Zimbabwe is 12 million. Three-fifths of the population is rural. Christianity is the official state religion and the animist and Muslim religions are practiced. The University's History The University was founded in 1955. It is the nation's largest and best funded university, with an established international reputation for teaching and research. Curriculum Courses are available in all subject areas at the University. They include and are not limited to: Intensive Shona language instruction, Anthropology, Agriculture, Economics, Political Science and Public Administration, Geography, History, Natural Sciences, Religion and Social Sciences.

72. Burundi/Government - Encyclopedia Article About Burundi/Government. Free Access, announced a regional initiative for a negotiated peace in burundi facilitated byformer Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere Julius Kambarage Nyerere (July 19 http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Burundi/Government

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Burundi/Government Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition In November 1995, the presidents of Burundi Republika y'u Burundi (In Detail) (Full size) National motto: Unite, Travail, Progres (French: Unity, Work, Progress Languages Kirundi (official), French, Swahili Capital Bujumbura President Domitien Ndayizeye Area - Total - % water Ranked 142nd Population - Total (2003) - Density Ranked 99th Independence - Date From Belgium July 1, 1962 Currency Burundi franc (FBu) Time zone UTC+2 National anthem Burundi bwacu (Beloved Burundi) Internet TLD .bi Calling Code 257 Click the link for more information. Rwanda Rwanda is a country in central Africa. It is bordered by Uganda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. The indigenous population consists of three ethnic groups. The Hutus, who comprise the majority of the population, are farmers of Bantu origin. The Tutsis are a pastoral people who arrived in the area in the 15th century. Until 1959, they formed the dominant caste under a feudal system based on cattleholding. The Twa are thought to be the remnants of the earliest settlers of the region. Click the link for more information.

73. Burundi Web Links: Library And Links: Jeannette Rankin Library Program: U.S. Ins the web site covers information on the government, economy, history, culture, tourism IntegratedRegional Information Network (IRIN) burundi IRIN, a http://www.usip.org/library/regions/burundi.html

Regional Resources Burundi Web Links Below are links by topical categories to resources primarily in English providing information generally on Burundi and specifically in the context of Great Lakes conflicts. For related web links, see Rwanda Web Links and Regional Resources: Africa General Resources Government Agencies and International Organizations Maps and Guides ... Political Resources and Peace Agreements These links complement the Institute Special Report: Post-Genocide Reconciliation: Building Peace in Rwanda and Burundi General Resources The sites below collect links to other Internet resources which describe the background, history and current events in Burundi. Africa South of the Sahara: Burundi An extensive collection of well-annotated links compiled by Karen Fung at Stanford University for the African Studies Association. Includes links to email lists, newsgroups, special projects, databases and archives, articles and documents, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), news and general sources. Organized alphabetically. Burundi Country Guide Annotated web links to resources, agencies and organizations from the U.S. Agency for International Development, organized by general reference, development, government, multilaterals and donors, and news and information.

74. Africa Book Centre Ltd General conflicts, periodic war, and genocide in Rwanda and burundi. background to the conflictsin the region as well as history OF CENTRAL AFRICA A six volume series http://www.africabookcentre.com/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_General_89.html

var actinic_ignored = true; actinic_ignored = false; document.write(getCartItem(3)); document.write(getCartItem(1)); Quick search Online Catalogue Central Africa General THE AFRICAN STAKES IN THE CONGO WAR 2002 Hardback Our Price: 2001 paperback Our Price: 2002 paperback Our Price: 1999 Paperback Our Price: CONFLICT AND ETHNICITY IN CENTRAL AFRICA 2000 Paperback Our Price: CULTURE AND CUSTOMS OF THE CONGO 2001 hardback Our Price: 2001 hardback Our Price: 2001 DELAY paperback Our Price: 2001 hardback Our Price: HISTORY OF CENTRAL AFRICA 2003 Hardback Our Price: THE HISTORY OF CONGO 2002 Hardback Our Price: IMAGINING THE CONGO 2003 Paperback Our Price: 2000 Paperback Our Price: Mark Twain 1961 Paperback Our Price: 2003 Paperback Our Price: LES NOUVEAUX PREDATEURS 2003 Paperback Our Price: 2002 Hardback Our Price: 2002 2nd EDITION paperback Our Price: REVOLUTION IN THE CONGO 2001 PAMPHLET Our Price: SIMPLIFIED HISTORY OF CENTRAL AFRICA 2003 Paperback Our Price: 2003 Hardback Our Price: WHITE FATHERS IN COLONIAL CENTRAL AFRICA 2001 paperback Our Price: 2001 hardback Our Price: Online Catalogue Central Africa General

75. 23 February 2002 Discussion Paper Re Whither Regional Peace And Security - The D is a black mark on Belgium’s’ colonial history. fortunes are linked to those ofBurundi, Angola, Zimbabwe who are directly involved in the regional conflict http://www.udm.org.za/20000223_holb_doc_drc.htm

Documentation Holomisa Page U NITED D EMOCRATIC M OVEMENT Discussion Paper re Whither regional peace and security - The DRC after the war as presented at the 2nd day Panel Discussion (Organised by the Africa Institute of South Africa) by Bantu Holomisa as UDM President (Pretoria, Gauteng; 24 and 25/02/2000) The DRC war has the potential to explode into a regional conflict with grave consequences for the region because of the increasing number of countries it has sucked into it viz. Uganda, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Angola and Namibia. Its linkages with the Angolan civil war aggravate an already critical regional instability that could plunge the SADC community and the Great Lakes region into a conflagration of very serious dimensions. The Angolan linkage is to be traced in the mutual accommodation between UNITA and the Rebel Alliance on the one hand and the DRC and Angolan government alliance which has coincided with the resurgence of the Angolan civil war between government and UNITA. Regional peace and security in the subcontinent and the State of the DRC after the war are inextricably bound with, and dependent on the resolution of the conflict in both the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. The credibility of the solutions in both countries will depend on the extent to which it meets the conflicting interests of all the players in the conflict.

76. Belgium History history of the Carolingian Empire, division of the region into several Eupen and Malmédyand assumes protectorship of Rwanda and burundi (mandated territories http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/laenderinfos/laender/laender_ausgabe_html?

77. African Peace Forum-History history. of the promotion of peace and human security in the region. include Ethiopia,Eritrea, Djibouti, Uganda, Sudan, Kenya, Rwanda, burundi and the http://www.amaniafrika.org/history.shtml

78. Brief History Of IPGRi In SSA SSA Home Page Brief history of IPGRI in subSaharan Africa. IPGRI) located one collectorin the LAC region and was based at IRAZ in burundi while another http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/regions/ssa/introduction/history.htm

myTitle = "ssatitle" Brief history of IPGRI in sub-Saharan Africa The first IPGRI (then IBPGR-International Board for Plant Genetic Resources) office was established in West Africa in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1981. It was later moved to Niamey, Niger in l987 and given responsibility for West and Central Africa, with a single scientist. The Nairobi office was established in 1982 with, at that time, responsibility for Eastern and Southern Africa. One scientist also originally ran it. At this time IPGRI (IBPGR) was a field programme of the FAO and the initial emphasis of the work in sub-Saharan Africa was assistance to national programme in procurement and development of conservation facilities; collection of germplasm through both local and international missions and training of national programme staff in plant genetic resources conservation and use mainly at the University of Birmingham through fellowships provided by UNEP and FAO . Because of the urgent need to rescue germplasm from a multiplicity of threats IBPGR (IPGRI) located one collector in the LAC region and was based at IRAZ in Burundi while another collector was based in Harare Zimbabwe to facilitate germplasm collection in the Southern Africa region. After an internal re-organisation and the establishment of IPGRI as an independent CGIAR institute, the sub-Saharan Africa Group was established, with a main office in Nairobi. The office had four staff members (2 IRS and 2 LRS) and a sub-office for West and Central Africa in Niamey with two staff members (1 IRS and 1 LRS, the latter on a special project). This latter office was relocated to Cotonou, Benin in June 1996.

79. Online NewsHour: Burundi-- March 28, 1996 SUSAN RICE Well, France has a long history in this region, and we feel communityto bring collective pressure to bear on the situation in burundi and to http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/may96/burundi_rice_5-23.html

A TROUBLED COUNTRY May 23, 1996 Charlayne Hunter-Gault talks with Susan Rice, deputy National Security Advisor for Africa, about the growing tensions and violence in Burundi, a country neighboring Rwanda and sharing it's ethnic make-up. Full coverage of the Central Africa crisis December 24, 1996: A historical perpsective on the the troubled Central Africa region. August 21, 1996: An Online NewsHour forum on Burundi. August 1, 1996: A background report on Burundi's military coup. August 1, 1996: UN Undersecretary General Kofi Annan on international intervention into Burundi's civil unrest. July 24, 1996: South Africa's Deputy President Thabo Mbeki discusses regional issues. July 23, 1996: UN Ambassador Madeleine Albright warns of national violence in Burundi. May 23, 1996: Susan Rice, deputy National Security Advisor for Africa, on growing tensions in Burundi March 28, 1996:

80. Guide U World Directory burundi Home Page For information on burundi, select from Climate Economy HistoryLanguage. United Nations Integrated regional Information Networks OCHA IRIN http://www.guideuworld.com/php/web.php3?keyword=Burundi&page=1&hits=20&bkfill=1&

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