41. Burma(Myanmar) History & Burma(Myanmar) Culture | IExplore burma(Myanmar) history. http://iexplore.nationalgeographic.com/dmap/Burma(Myanmar)/History

dateString = 1071640730; Home Site Index Customer Service Shop MAGAZINES: National Traveler Adventure NG Kids NG Explorer TV AND FILM: Channel (U.S.) Channel (Intl) Explorer GUIDES: Adventure and Animals and History and Maps and News Photography Travel For Kids For Students For Teachers Complete Site Complete Site Index Subscribe Shop Call 1-800-iExplore Keyword Trip Search: Home Trip Finder Destination Guides Join / Sign-in ... Burma(Myanmar) History E-mail this page Keyword Search Help Burma(Myanmar) Travel Travel and Trips Burma(Myanmar) Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Monthly Newsletter Sign-up for monthly travel specials Save up to 50% Privacy Statement Popular Trips to Burma(Myanmar) Mandalay Yangon Bagan Myanmar Temples Burma(Myanmar) History Today's inhabitants of Myanmar (formerly Burma) are descendants of a tribe that migrated from Tibet and China in about AD 800. The country was unified in 1044 under the first Burmese empire but fell to invading Mongol troops in 1253. It went through successive periods of disintegration and reunification until the British arrived in 1824 and began colonization. Despite the country's tradition of devout Buddhism, with its tenets of compassion and serenity, Myanmar has known a great deal of brutality: The country's last king, Thibaw, who ruled from 1878 to 1885, sewed up his opponents in red velvet sacks and had them trampled to death by elephants. During World War II, the country was the scene of fierce fighting after the Japanese invaded. Burma became independent in 1948, and for 26 years (from 1962-1988) it was subject to the "Burmese way of socialism," a blend of isolationism, communism and Buddhism that had a devastating effect on the standard of living. By the mid 1980s, it had gone from being a net exporter of food to being one of the world's poorest nations. Rejecting foreign investment and trade, Burma's government seemed to want to shut the world out.

42. Buddhism In Burma Buddhism in burma. I am burma, like Thailand and Sri Lanka, is a countrythat has a long and rich Buddhist tradition. Although Buddhism http://buddhism.about.com/cs/history/a/Burma.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Buddhism Key Figures Home ... A-Z Index zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Art Buddha's Life Courses Ethics ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Buddhism newsletter. Search Buddhism Email to a friend Print this page Stay Current Subscribe to the About Buddhism newsletter. Suggested Reading History of Buddhism History of Buddhism - Links Elsewhere on the Web Burma - Profile Burma - Timeline Aung San Suu Kyi Most Popular Beginners' Buddhism An Introduction to Buddhist Symbols: Key Symbols The Life of the Buddha Buddhism Courses ... Introduction to Buddhism: Beginners' Course What's Hot Vajrasattva Mantra Beginners' Buddhism Action, Cause and Result The Three Marks of Existence ... An Introduction to Buddhist Symbols: Mudras Buddhism in Burma From Anthony Flanagan Your Guide to Buddhism Sign up for my Newsletter Burma, like Thailand and Sri Lanka, is a country that has a long and rich Buddhist tradition. Although Buddhism had become firmly established in Burma by the fifth and sixth centuries CE, a significant development was the conversion of King Anawrahta to Theravada Buddhism in the eleventh century. Although Burma accommodates different forms of Buddhism, Islam and Christianity, Theravada Buddhism predominates. Particularly significant in modern times has been the establishment of meditation centers for lay people which has concentrated on

43. THE ART AND CULTURE OF BURMA - Contents Professor Emeritus Art history of Southeast Asia Northern Illinois University,Former Director Center for burma Studies Northern Illinois University. http://www.seasite.niu.edu/burmese/cooler/BurmaArt_TOC.htm

THE ART AND CULTURE OF BURMA Dr. Richard M. Cooler Professor Emeritus Art History of Southeast Asia Northern Illinois University Former Director Center for Burma Studies Northern Illinois University Please address comments or queries concerning content to rcooler@niu.edu Overview : Purpose, Extended Contents, Acknowledgements, and Geographical Overview Art History of Bu r ma : Synoptic Overview Chapter 1 P rehistoric and A nimist P eriods c. 1100 BC to c. 200 AD Paleolithic and Neolithic sites, Animism, and Karen Bronze Drums Chapter 2 The Pre-Pagan Period: The Urban Age of the Mon and the Pyu c.200 to c.800 AD Mon and Pyu City states: Thaton, Beikthano, Halin, and Srikshetra Chapter 3 - the Pagan Period c. 800 AD to 1287 AD Part 1 - Introduction and City Plan of Pagan Part 2 - Architecture 1 - General Characteristics and Stupas Part 3 - Architecture 2 - Temples and Monasteries Part 4 - Sculpture, Conclusion, and Bibliography Chapter 4 - T he P ost P agan P eriod Part 1 - Introduction and the Ava Period Part 2 The Konbaung Period Amarapura Part 3 - Mandalay Period Special Section : 80 Scenes of the Life of Buddha Please Note: Some pages on this site will take several minutes to download over a modem connection due to the large number of generously-sized thumbnail images. We think the results are worth the download time. Please be patient.

44. Southeast Asian History; History Of Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Burma, Laos, history of Southeast Asia, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, burma, Laos,Malaysia. Influence of Spanish, Indians, Araba, Persians, Portugese http://www.guidetothailand.com/thailand-history/burma.htm

History of Thailand Hotels, Attractions, Restaurants, What to Do and See Home Info Culture Places ... Shopping Burma: Pyu, Pegu and Arakan History Beginning Malays Indianization ... A New Siam More History of Rice History of Silk About Us Contact Us ... Sitemap by Charles Kimball While the Mons were establishing themselves in Lower (southern) Burma, the ancestors of today's Burmese settled Upper Burma (500-200 B.C.?). The Tibeto-Burmans had acquired a measure of civilization from their cousins, the Chinese, but now their independence and lifestyle was threatened by the growing Chinese state. Preferring physical hardship to bondage, they moved away; one tribe, the Tibetans, went directly west into Tibet, while the rest marched over the mountains of Yunnan and northern Burma to reach the Irrawaddy valley. From here the tribes spread out into surrounding areas, and in 167 A.D. they formed a confederation named Pyu. The Pyus prospered from the occasional merchant who used the Irrawaddy to go between India and China. They also got along well with the Mons and with India. Chinese visitors reported that Pyu had a remarkably elegant and humane society. Fetters, chains and prisons were unknown, and the only punishment for criminals was a few strokes of the whip. The men wore gold ornaments in their hats and the women wore jewels in their hair; both sexes wore bright blue clothing. Pyus lived in wooden houses with roofing tiles of lead and tin, they used golden knives and surrounded themselves with art objects of gold, green glass, jade and crystal. Unlike the Mons, who had a king in charge of every Mon city, the Pyus governed each tribe by democratic assembly.

45. BBC - History - The Burma Campaign 1941 - 1945 The burma Campaign 1941 1945. By Michael Hickey. Neither side wantedthis fight World War Two was over. Chindits in burma, 1944 ©. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwtwo/burma_campaign_01.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index MONDAY 7th June 2004 Text only BBC Homepage History Topics ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! The Burma Campaign 1941 - 1945 By Michael Hickey Neither side wanted this fight at the start, but there were many remarkable feats of arms as the war progressed. Michael Hickey describes the highs and lows of the campaign, the personalities involved, and the effect it had on East-West politics once World War Two was over. Page 1 of 6 1. Background 2. Start of the campaign 3. Stalemate 4. Victory in sight ... Print entire article Background The campaign in which Allied forces defeated the Japanese in Burma was unique in that neither side particularly wished to wage war there. When Japan entered the war on the side of the Axis powers in December 1941, her main aims were to acquire raw materials, particularly oil, rubber and tin and, through expansion of the so-called Greater Co-Prosperity Sphere, to create space for the population of the over-crowded home islands. 'The raid at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 was a devastating blow to the Americans.'

46. BBC - History - World War Two War in the South China Sea The Sinking of Force Z by Lieutenant Commander GeoffreyBrooke The Dieppe Fiasco by Julian Thompson The burma Campaign 1941 1945 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwtwo/

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index MONDAY 7th June 2004 Text only BBC Homepage History Topics ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! D-Day On 6 June 1944, Allied troops landed on the beaches of Normandy. Follow the battles and hear the voices of those who fought to liberate Europe. Origins of World War Two Resentment at the harsh peace of World War One fuelled the rise of Adolf Hitler. Anxious to avoid war, Britain and France chose to appease German territorial demands before finally 'drawing a line in the sand' over Poland. The Ending of World War One, and the Legacy of Peace by Professor Martin Kitchen Germany: Rise of Hitler and the Nazis by Professor Jeremy Noakes Hitler's Leadership Style by Dr Geoffrey Megargee Churchill - The Gathering Storm by Professor John Charmley Countdown to World War Two World War Two Summary by Bruce Robinson Gathering Storm: Fact Files Declaration of War on Germany Evacuation Conscription Introduced Fall of Poland to the Fall of France The speed and ferocity of the German army's victories caught the Allies by surprise and rendered their outmoded military tactics redundant. France fell and Britain retreated across the Channel. Blitzkrieg: Origins of Lightning War by Robert T Foley The Invasion of Poland by Bradley Lightbody Spinning Dunkirk by Professor Duncan Anderson The Fall of France by Dr Gary Sheffield Blitzkrieg: Fact Files Norway Campaign Churchill Becomes Prime Minister Dunkirk The Fall of France Battle of Britain to the Blitz Alone in Europe and faced with the prospect of invasion, Britain turned to the inspirational leadership of Winston Churchill. War raged in the air and at sea, while German bombers pounded British cities.

47. The Journalism And Films Of John Pilger burma map. burma has been home to many different ethnic groups for overfour thousand years. It is only in the last millennium that http://pilger.carlton.com/burma/history

48. The Journalism And Films Of John Pilger genocideThe assassination of Aung San in September 1946 remains oneof the most important events in burma s history. Find out more http://pilger.carlton.com/burma

INSIDE BURMA: LAND OF FEAR is a documentary which was first broadcast as part of the Network First series on UK television in May 1996. It was written and presented by John Pilger and produced and directed by David Munro. The assassination of Aung San in September 1946 remains one of the most important events in Burma's history. Find out more about the man, by clicking here To many the disinterest in human rights abuses shown by Western companies who invest in Burma is abhorrent. John Pilger discussed this issue with James Sherwood, head of a luxury cruise company. Click here to watch Sherwood's response. 1988 remains a year the Burmese will not forget, a year when revolution and repression clashed. Click here to read why. The film detailed the many injustices and human rights abuses that have so badly marked the country's past and present. This website seeks to further the information provided in the film, to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive resource of relevant writings and to offer a current consideration of Burma. However, its main purpose is to act as a catalyst to further discussion on the future of a country which too many in the West have forgotten.

49. Asia Bookroom: Burma - History - Pre-19th Century burma history - Pre-19th Century. AUNG-THWIN, MICHAEL. Myth and history in theHistoriography of Early burma Paradigms, Primary Sources, and Prejudices. http://www.asiabookroom.com/currentlists_xAsia/burhistpre19th.htm

Asia Bookroom specialises in out-of-print, antiquarian and secondhand books on Asia, the Pacific, Africa and the Middle East . We regularly issue lists on these areas and we also issue a general antiquarian list occasionally. These lists are available by email and on our web site. Our shopping cart on this site supports secure ordering. Burma - History - Pre-19th Century Click to enlarge image AUNG-THWIN, MICHAEL. Myth and History in the Historiography of Early Burma: Paradigms, Primary Sources, and Prejudices. Map, xi + 220pp, select bibliography, index, paperback. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Singapore. 1998. (ISBN 9812300236). AU$44.75 [Please quote ID:58969 when referring to this item] Catholic Burmese Mission BIGANDET, PAUL AMBROSE. An Outline of the History of the Catholic Burmese Mission from the Year 1720 to 1857. Originally published in Rangoon 1887. 146pp, paperback. Bibliotheca Orientalis. [Reprint]. Orchid. Bangkok. 1996. (New Book) (ISBN 9748299759). AU$40.00 [Please quote ID:48984 when referring to this item] Further India CLIFFORD, HUGH.

50. Asia Bookroom: Burma - History - 19th Century Our shopping cart on this site supports secure ordering. burma history - 19thCentury. Pegu Martaban Province Pegu Martaban Province, ABREU, ROBERT. http://www.asiabookroom.com/currentlists_xAsia/burhist19thcen.htm

Asia Bookroom specialises in out-of-print, antiquarian and secondhand books on Asia, the Pacific, Africa and the Middle East . We regularly issue lists on these areas and we also issue a general antiquarian list occasionally. These lists are available by email and on our web site. Our shopping cart on this site supports secure ordering. Burma - History - 19th Century ABREU, ROBERT. Endpaper maps, 239pp, glossy paperback. Orchid Press. Bangkok. 2002. In this book the author gives detailed accounts of the forests and other vegetation of the areas traversed, but he also writes of the villages and their peoples. He concludes with a detailed listing of the flora and fauna of Pegu. (ISBN 9745240001). AU$45.00 [Please quote ID:51491 when referring to this item] AINSWORTH, LEOPOLD. A Merchant Venturer Among the Sea Gypsies. Map, black and white photographic illustrations, xviii + 279pp, appendix, paperback. White Lotus. Bangkok. 2000. First published in 1930. "A Merchant Venturer Among the Sea Gypsies is a seminal work on the Moken nomads and Lower Burma written by a businessman studying the area for its economic potential. The author's ability to describe and penetrate into the very heart of the social and economic life of the Mergui Archipelago's inhabitants makes this work both entertaining and very informative. Ainsworth describes the land, sea bed, and forests of many of the Moken Islands, and trade relations established on the basis of local products, but his ethnological observations on disappearing funeral rituals and the love relationships between members of the different populations with whom he temporarily lived are particularly valuable today." Publisher's description.

51. Asiatour.com / Myanmar (Burma) / Country And People / History Back to Chapter Page. Myanmar. The Country and its People. Myanmarburma. Geography.Climate. Population. Religion. history. Travel Information. Yangon. Bago. Bagan. http://www.asiatour.com/myanmar/e-01land/em-lan15.htm

Welcome to Asiatour.com - your one-stop source for travel guides on most Asian countries and some African destinations. H O M E Deutsch Deutsch-Thai-Wörterbuch Health Publications ... Privacy Policy Libido wonder drug The new drug Dostinex (cabergoline by generic name) has the greatest potential for sexual enhancement since Viagra hit the market. However, its mode of action is completely different. Dostinex is a dopamine agonists, and it works by enhancing desire and orgasm, not just erections, as it is the case with Viagra. The new domain Dostinex.net provides information on how to use the medication for sexual enhancement, and on how and where it can be obtained easily for prices as low as 80 cents per 0.5 mg, the standard dosage. MYANMAR Myanmar / History Historical Eras: Bagan Era Taungu Dynasty Konbaug Dynasty Colonial Times ... World War II, Postwar Period

52. A Short History Of Burma A Short history of burma. Sorry, no history for burma has been addedyet. Search Google for another short history of burma. burma gets http://www.abacci.com/atlas/history.asp?countryID=160

53. 1Up Travel : Myanmar - History And Culture Of Myanmar Or Burma. Myanmar history and Culture. history Archaelogical findings revealthat Myanmar s history dates back over 5,000 years ago. Early http://www.1uptravel.com/international/asia/myanmar-or-burma/history-culture.htm

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Asia Myanmar or Burma ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography Life Cuisine ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Attractions Shopping Eating Out ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Myanmar Guide Myanmar Maps Myanmar Hotels Myanmar Flag ... Myanmar Travel Warning Myanmar History and Culture History Archaelogical findings reveal that Myanmar's history dates back over 5,000 years ago. Early Myanmars were said to be Mons from Cambodia, Mongol Burmans from the eastern Himalayas and Thai tribes from northern Thailand. The Mons and the Pyu established several kingdoms throughout the country from the 1st century A.D. to the 10th century A.D. The First Myanmar Empire in Bagan lasted more than 20 years before the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. For the next 2 centuries, Myanmar remained in chaos. Only in the mid-16th century did the Second Myanmar Empire was founded. It was during this time that the British moved into Myanmar and made it into a British colony. Indians and Chinese arrived together with the British when the country developed into a major rice exporter.

54. History Of Myanmar The history of burma began in the 9th century when the Myamma or Bamar people migratedfrom the ChinaTibet border region into the valley of the Irrawaddy. http://www.fact-index.com/h/hi/history_of_myanmar.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index History of Myanmar The history of Burma began in the 9th century when the Myamma or Bamar people migrated from the China-Tibet border region into the valley of the Irrawaddy The Burmese Kingdom The Burmese soon converted to Buddhism and created the state which in became the First Burmese Empire. The two names by which this people were known gave rise to the names Myanmar (in Burmese) and Burma (in English). After the devastating invasion by the Mongol army of Kublai Khan in , Burma broke up into several states. Ever since, the Burmese inhabitants of the Irrawaddy valley have sought to regain control of the neighbouring hill peoples such as the Shan and the Karen, but these peoples have usually maintained de facto independence. The Portuguese reached Burma in the late 15th century, and established trading posts, but their attempts to extend their control were repelled. This external threat galvanised the Burmese to establish a stronger state, and in King Aukhpetlan decisively defeated Portuguese attempts to take over Burma. By the 18th century conflicts had begun to occur along the Burmese border with British India , and the British proved a far greater threat than the other European powers. The

55. Myanmar History | Lonely Planet World Guide history. For the next 250 years, burma remained in chaos, and the territory was notreunified until the mid16th century when a series of Taungoo kings extended http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/south_east_asia/myanmar/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Postcards Myanmar History Myanmar's prehistory begins with the migration of three groups into the country: the first were Mons from what is now Cambodia, then came Mongol Burmans from the eastern Himalayas and later came Thai tribes from northern Thailand. The 11th-century Burman kingdom of Bagan was the first to gain control of the territory that is present-day Myanmar, but it failed to unify the disparate racial groups and collapsed before a Tartar invasion in 1287. For the next 250 years, Burma remained in chaos, and the territory was not reunified until the mid-16th century when a series of Taungoo kings extended their domain and convincingly defeated the Siamese. In the 18th century, the country fractured again as Mons and hill tribes established their own kingdoms. In 1767, the Burmans invaded Siam and sacked Ayuthaya, forcing the Siamese to move their capital to Bangkok. Occasional border clashes and British imperialist ambitions caused the British to invade in 1824, and then again in 1852 and 1883. Burma became a part of British India and the British built the usual colonial infrastructure, and developed the country into a major rice exporter. Indians and Chinese arrived with the British to complicate the racial mix. In 1937, Burma was separated from British India and there was nascent murmuring for self-rule. The Japanese drove the British from Burma in WW II and attempted to enlist Burman support politically. The Burmans were briefly tempted by an opportunity for independence, but a resistance movement soon sprang up. In 1948, Burma became independent and almost immediately began to disintegrate as hill tribes, communists, Muslims and Mons all revolted.

56. Burma Front [Pacific06b] Operations in the Chinaburma-India Theater in the US Army Special Operations inWorld War II from CMH; Smith, R. Harris. OSS The Secret history of America s http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/Pacific06b.html

The Burma Front 3-Fronts in the Pacific from Time big The British colony of Burma was lost to Japan in 1942, symbolized by the "walkout" of Gen. Joseph Stilwell from Maymyo to Imphal by May 20, 1942: "We got a hell of a beating ... and it is humiliating as hell." Gen. and Madame Chiang Kai Shek and Gen. Joseph W. Stilwell, on the day following the Doolittle Raid. Maymyo, Burma. 1942/04/19, (NWDNS-111-SC-134627) from NA As commander of the China-India-Burma theater, Stilwell planned to train Chinese troops equipped with Lend-Lease aid to retake Burma and open a road from India to China. But the plan was opposed by Gen. Claire Chennault who wanted to use airpower to attack Japan from bases in China, by Chiang Kai-shek who wanted Lend-Lease aid for his government in China, by the British who wanted men and supplies diverted to "Europe-first" and North Africa. FDR supported a Burma theater with limited supplies, and by Sept. 1943 Stilwell was able to start his GALAHAD offensive with the help of the Kachin guerillas trained by the OSS, aimed at taking the airfield at Myitkyina, the largest city in Kachin province. The British finally agreed to help and created the South East Asia Command Nov. 15, 1943, under Lord Mountbatten to protect India ("Save England's Asian Colonies") and to begin an offensive in Burma. Burma map from Time

57. Detachment 101 Joseph W. Stilwell meet near Naubum, burma, photo from Special Operations. As theofficial history points out, the change to a static defensive role at Nhpum Ga http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/detachment101.html

OSS Detachment 101 in Burma [this selection from Special Operations in the China-Burma-India Theater in the U.S. Army Special Operations in World War II from CMH] map of Burma from Special Operations The Japanese occupation of the country had cut the Burma Road, the main supply line to China from the outside world; to replace it, American engineers were constructing a new route from Ledo, on the India-Burma border. Japanese control of the north Burmese city of Myitkyina and the surrounding region blocked completion of the road, and enemy aircraft from an airstrip near the town were continually harassing American transports flying supplies to China. Given the limited resources available, Stilwell needed any help he could obtain to drive the enemy out of the area. At a minimum he hoped that the detachment could prevent Japanese use of the airfield, informing Eifler that "all I want to hear are booms from the Burma jungle." Lacking men, equipment, funds, a clear directive from Washington, and current intelligence on the situation in Burma, Eifler faced an immense task in building a clandestine organization. Although the unit successfully resisted minor staff assignments from the overworked CBI Theater headquarters, it still had only twenty men. Since American agents in Burma would attract attention, the detachment canvassed the British-led Burma Army for Anglo-Burmese volunteers. Supplies and equipment were a more difficult. Communications would be critical to operations; yet the radios available in the Pacific theater were woefully inadequate in range and adaptability to the damp Burmese climate. Funds were so tight that Eifler paid for many of the detachment's initial expenses out of his own pocket. Finally, a Japanese air raid destroyed the detachment's warehouse, aggravating an already grim supply situation.

58. Burma Maps, Pictures, History And More burma. Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info,flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us if http://www.worldrover.com/country/burma_main.html

Travel Books Used Books Bestsellers Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Burma Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info, flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us if you have any questions or suggestions. Search the Net for: Travel Guides source: CIA World Factbook 1999 Vital Statistics Brief History Embassy Info Travel Guides Search Net: Term Paper Search Net: Travel Free Clip Art w/ Flags! Slash your student loans 53%!! Thanks Uncle Sam!! home ... embassies

59. Burma - Government, History, Population, Geography And Maps Search the Net history; 100% Free Clip Art including world flags and 1000 s moreimages and photos! burma source CIA World Factbook 1998, burma. Geography. http://www.worldrover.com/vital/burma.html

Search the Net: History 100% Free Clip Art including world flags and 1000's more images and photos! Burma source: CIA World Factbook 1998 Burma Geography [Top of Page] Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand Geographic coordinates: 22 00 N, 98 00 E Map references: Southeast Asia Area: total: 678,500 sq km land: 657,740 sq km water: 20,760 sq km slightly smaller than Texas Land boundaries: total: 5,876 km border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km Coastline: 1,930 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April) Terrain: central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands Elevation extremes: lowest point: Andaman Sea m highest point: Hkakabo Razi 5,881 m

60. Asia Observer - Burma: Country In Crisis - History BRIEF history Traditional kingships and other local governments that evolved amongBurma s peoples over many centuries were largely stripped of their authority http://www.asiaobserver.com/Burma/Burma-background-history.htm

A start page for observers of Asian affairs NEWS Asia Southeast Asia Other news pages ... Vietnam RESOURCES Book reviews Economy Site of the week Web reviews FIND INFO Web directory Metasearch Asia-Links Worth Reading ... CLICK HERE to recommend Asia Observer to a friend Burma: Country in Crisis BRIEF HISTORY Traditional kingships and other local governments that evolved among Burma's peoples over many centuries were largely stripped of their authority after Britain's 19th century conquest of Burma. Colonial administration continued with limited local self-government until the Union of Burma achieved independence in 1948. The new state came into being as a parliamentary democracy and, although beset by ethnic strife as minority peoples demanded autonomy from the Burman majority, survived as a representative government until an army coup in 1962. A military-dominated regime led by the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) held power for the next 26 years. There were no free elections, and freedom of expression and association were almost entirely denied. Resistance to the regime occasionally flared, and student and worker demonstrations in the 1960s and 1970s were brutally crushed. Torture, political imprisonment, and other human rights abuses were common. Throughout this period, costly guerrilla wars with ethnic opposition groups along the country's frontiers continued.

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