1. Indigenous People: Brazil improvements on the ground where brazilian indigenous peoples continue to suffer threats, attacks the cultural rights of brazilian indigenous peoples and their inalienable rights to http://www.amnestyusa.org/justearth/indigenous_people/brazil.html

Just Earth! Home About Just Earth! Get Involved with Just Earth! FEATURED CASES ENVIRONMENTALISTS UNDER FIRE: Chad-Cameroon UPDATED Ecuador India Indonesia Russia UPDATED Mexico INDIGENOUS RIGHTS: Brazil Western Shoshone Guatemala UPDATED The Lubicon Cree Take Action on Human Rights and the Environment US Responsibility Appealing to the US government and corporations Resources Brazil "Our Intention is that one day we can live autonomously, taking care of ourselves…we want to fight to be able to survive quietly, peacefully, without needing help…Everything depends on the land." We are the land Amnesty International takes no side in disputes over land. What concerns the organization is the persistent failure of successive governments to protect the fundamental human rights of Brazil's Indigenous peoples. By failing to arbitrate promptly in disputes between the indigenous and non-indigenous community the state has left indigenous groups ever more vulnerable faced with escalating violence against them. The authorities at all levels have failed to protect the Indians effectively or to bring to justice those responsible for killing, abducting, harassing and threatening them. As a result, human rights abuses continue with impunity. Constitutional Rights to Land Still in the Balance Why the abuses continue In theory, there is extensive scope to protect Brazil's Indians from human rights abuse. International experts regard provisions in Brazil's 1988 Constitution, recognizing indigenous social and cultural traditions and upholding Indian land rights, to be among the most advanced in the world. Indians are given special protection in law. In recognition of the likely hostility between local economic interests and indigenous interests the implementation of indigenous policy has traditionally been a federal responsibility. All litigation arising from matters of ownership of indigenous areas falls within the competence of federal courts.

2. Brazil's Giant Step Backward On Indigenous Rights and Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Posed by Brazilian Presidential Decree 1775 a route for the human rights of brazilian indigenous peoples may yet turn into an ignominious defeat for http://www.aaanet.org/committees/cfhr/rptbrazil.htm

Academic Relations Ethics Government Relations Public Policy ... Minority Issues E-mail address: Password: Forgot password? Need help? Press Room Members in the News ... Section Assembly Max Rows: Go to AAA Home Brazil's Giant Step Backward on Indigenous Rights The Threat to the Natural Environment and Rights of Indigenous Peoples Posed by Brazilian Presidential Decree 1775 [When the Committee for Human Rights takes up a specific case of human rights abuse, it may prepare a Briefing Document, written by one or more of its own members, or commissioned from a knowledgeable colleague. The briefing document is reviewed, perhaps edited, and adopted by the Committee as a whole and then, together with recommended actions, transmitted to the president of the American Anthropological Association. A Briefing Document is not an official document of the Association, but provides essential information supporting the action recommendations the Committee recommends to the Association president.] Executive Summary The signing of Decree 1775 by Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso on January 8, 1996, marked a drastic reversal of Brazilian policy toward the protection of the human rights of indigenous peoples and the natural environment throughout the country, but especially in the Amazon region where most indigenous lands are located.

3. Indigenous Peoples Group's Letter To World Bank CAPOIB, The Council of Unity of brazilian indigenous peoples and. Organisations, an organisation which Since January of this year, indigenous peoples and organisations. in Brazil have http://forests.org/archive/brazil/caplett.htm

Indigenous Peoples Group's Letter to World Bank RELAYED TEXT STARTS HERE: /** rainfor.genera: 150.0 **/ ** Topic: CAPOIB letter to World Bank ** ** Written 2:42 PM Feb 16, 1996 by ax:cimi in cdp:rainfor.genera ** CAPOIB letter to World Bank Mr James Wolfensohn President World Bank Brasilia/DF, February 15, 1996 Dear Mr President, CAPOIB, The Council of Unity of Brazilian Indigenous Peoples and Organisations, an organisation which brings together more than one hundred indigenous organisations in Brazil, is aware that the World Bank is currently considering the implications of Decree 1775/96 for the implementation of its projects related to the demarcation and regularisation of indigenous lands. For this reason we are writing to you to offer data to be considered during this evaluation. Since January of this year, indigenous peoples and organisations in Brazil have been expressing, in the strongest possible terms, their rejection of the measure imposed by the Brazilian government through Decree 1775/96. This policy and this regulation violate

4. Brazilian Indigenous Community Video - A Tribute To Virginia Valado of the Center for Indigenist Work (CTI), a nonprofit organization dedicated toprotecting the land rights of brazilian indigenous peoples, training them in http://www.lavavideo.org/featuredtitles/index.cfm?Features_ID=13

5. Deni Savor Amazon Victory The brazilian indigenous peoples, the Deni, celebrate the completion of thedemarcation of their land after more than 18 years of campaigning. http://www.greenpeace.org/international_en/features/details?item_id=299679&print

6. The Deni Celebrate Victory In Fight For Land Rights The brazilian indigenous peoples, the Deni, today celebrated the completion of thedemarcation of their land with traditional songs and dance after more than http://www.greenpeace.org/international_en/press/release?item_id=299418&campaign

7. Report On The Second Conference On Cooperation Of European Support A delegation from the brazilian indigenous peoples organisation CAPOIB (Councilof Indigenous Peoples Organisations of Brazil) reported on the current http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wgtrr/almen.htm

Report on the Second Conference on Cooperation of European Support Groups in the UN Decade of Indigenous Peoples Almen, Netherlands, May 3-5 1996 Julian Burger of the UN Human Rights Centre reviewed developments at the UN, particularly with regard to human rights. He explained the problems of persuading agencies like the World Intellectual Property Organization and the FAO that human rights, including support for indigenous peoples, should be integral to their work. An important point made in his presentation was his assertion that the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples should become the universal instrument on indigenous peoples out of which regional and national instruments should then be derived. In the third presentation by Graham Dutfield of WGTRR, an integrated rights framework derived from basic human rights but embracing other collective rights such as territorial rights and cultural rights, was outlined. Unfortunately, governments and UN agencies still need to accept that human rights are relevant to all decision-making which affects peoples' livelihoods. Nevertheless, the Convention on Biodiversity has a broad mandate, is a relatively transparent forum, and encourages non-government participation to a far greater extent than most other inter-governmental forums. Therefore, if state parties to the CBD agree to take on board traditional resource rights, NGOs should act to ensure that the World Trade Organization and the FAO revise their instruments and policies accordingly so as to be consistent with the CBD.

8. Minorities At Risk (MAR) Analytic Summary Most brazilian indigenous peoples live in the Amazonian and centralregions of the country (REGIONAL = 1), in the states of Amazonas, Roraima http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data/amazbra.htm

Amazonian Indians of Brazil Population: 278,000 (.02% of total population 169,806,000) Click here to view General Chronology Risk Assessment Indigenous people are only 0.2% of the population and are very isolated from the rest of Brazilian society. Highly dependent on the land and environment of the Amazon for their way of life, culture, and traditions, they live in mineral-rich areas which are being developed by non-indigenous people for gold mining, timber production, oil production, and agriculture. Though much of the land is designated as reservation land, over 100 Yanomami have been killed and many more have died from diseases introduced since the discovery of oil. Violent conflict has been increasing since the mid to late-1980s and it appears that it will persist due to the lack of enforcement of laws which prohibit movement into (or development within) indigenous reserves (PROT00 = 3). Indians are not considered full Brazilian citizens, which has allowed non-indigenous people to discriminate against them as "less than full people." Such social prejudices have contributed to violence between the two groups. Violence against the indigenous appears likely to persist, as does indigenous mobilization against ranchers and settlers on their territories. Likewise, non-indigenous people are mobilizing against the Indians in these areas. President Cardoso has also favored the privatization of Indian lands, which threatens their lifeways.

9. Contemporary Review: Indian Land Rights And Land Conflicts In Brazil - Critical The urge to demarcate the land of the brazilian indigenous peoples and to give themproperty rights became one of the most pressing and vociferous campaigns of http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m2242/1604_275/56750237/p1/article.jhtml

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN all publications this publication News Automotive Business Computing Entertainment Health News Reference Sports YOU ARE HERE Articles Contemporary Review Sept, 1999 Content provided in partnership with Print friendly Tell a friend Find subscription deals Indian Land Rights And Land Conflicts In Brazil - Critical Essay Contemporary Review Sept, 1999 by Joaquina Pires-O'Brien The urge to demarcate the land of the Brazilian indigenous peoples and to give them property rights became one of the most pressing and vociferous campaigns of the last two decades. This campaign has won the support of corporates such as Body Shop, rock stars such as Sting, as well as of multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and the European Union. Although the campaign obtained an enormous success in raising public awareness about the indigenous peoples of Brazil and of the American continents, its success inside Brazil has been hindered by its bias against other Brazilians and by its failure in forming partnerships with the Brazilian government. Making amends for the past historical shortcomings that the Brazilian Indians endured is in itself a strong reason to justify the demarcation of their land. However, indigenous rights NGOs (Non-Government Organisations) have based their campaign on the allegation that only land demarcation will put an end to the 'massacres' of the Indians. According to the Oxford Dictionary, the word 'massacre' means slaughter, carnage or murder in a general fashion. Indians have died in land conflicts in the Amazon, and some individuals have even been murdered, but it is unfair to call such events 'massacres'.

10. Aboriginal Planet - Around The Planet - Part Of Brazil's Great Wealth Lies In Th through the Embassy of Canada in Brasilia and CIDA s international cooperationprogrammes, is working with brazilian indigenous peoples and government http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/aboriginalplanet/around/latin/arbrazil-en.asp

Français Contact Us Help Search ... About Us Brazil Quarup Ceremony: remembering Orlando Villas Boas Xingu PATAXO Brasilia - Indigenous Delegation visits the Canadian Embassy ... Canada and the Xingu Indigenous Park. "Part of Brazil's great wealth lies in the diversity of its cultural groups." Mapping and demarcation of Indigenous territory has been underway in Brazil since the adoption of the 1988 Constitution, which formally recognized the rights of Brazilian indigenous peoples. The Government of Brazil, through Funai ( www.funai.gov.br/ )have pursued this objective with the support of Brazilian NGOs such as the Instituto SocioAmbiental www.socioambiental.org

11. Center For Latin American Studies, UC Berkeley Shown in this light of uncertainty for the future of brazilian indigenous peoples,two fundamental factors which have recently become part of national interest http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu:7001/Events/fall1999/10-28-99-ferreiradasilva/

Marcio Ferreira da Silva Indigenous Education in Brazil: Native American Peoples and the Right to Education October 28, 1999 Marcio Ferreira da Silva is an Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Vice Chair of the Graduate Program of Social Anthropology at the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. The following is the text of his presentation. Good Afternoon. I would like, first of all, to apologize for my English. I would also like to welcome all those present and thank the Center for Latin American Studies of the University of California at Berkeley for their invitation to present some data and points of view on the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and Schooling in Brazil. I would also like to thank the Brazilian Consulate General in San Francisco for its interest and support in this undertaking. I am going to give a general introduction to the subject, starting from the present state of indigenous peoples in Brazil and the historic evolution of educational policies affecting these peoples. This presentation also aims to offer an overview of the present state of indigenous schools and a few thoughts regarding their legal, administrative and political advances and frustrations.

12. Petition - Statute Of The Indigenous Peoples Support the Campaign for the Approval of the Statute of the indigenous peoples ! Click here to print out the petition ! rights of the indigenous peoples in Brazil are determined indigenous peoples is a proposal that seeks to grant the protection and the rights of the brazilian indigenous societies http://www.amazonlink.org/amazon/indigenous_cultures/estatuto.html

Campaign for the Approval of the Statute of the Indigenous Peoples WHAT IT IS DEADLINE WHO CAN SIGN? ACT NOW ! ... Amazonlink.org - home What it is the Statute of the Indigenous Peoples ? Currently the rights of the Indigenous peoples in Brazil are determined by Law 6,001/1973. This law from 1973 does not suit the current situation and presents a discriminatory vision of the Indigenous peoples. The Statute of the Indigenous Peoples is a proposal that seeks to grant the protection and the rights of the Brazilian Indigenous societies, taking into consideration: Demarcation of Indigenous lands Environmental protection Health Education Productive activities Criminal norms Crimes against Indians Since 1994 this proposal lies still in the Brazilian House of Representatives. Seeing the threat of degradation of Indigenous cultures in Brazil, this inactivity cannot be accepted. Deadline The first part of the signatures is supposed to be handed in until end of May. CIMI will continue gathering signatures until end of this year (2002). Who can sign?

13. South America - Rainforest Portal Website of the indigenous peoples of the Confederation of indigenous Nationalitiesof Indigenista Missionário (CIMI) brazilian indigenous rights organization http://www.rainforestweb.org/Rainforest_Information/Indigenous_Peoples/South_Ame

Home Add a Site Gallery Take Action ... Indigenous Peoples South America Rainforest News Action Alerts Protect an Acre of Rainforest Rainforest Information ... What You Can Do South America Topics: South America@ Uwa South America Links: Amazon Alliance for Indigenous Peoples Hot - General information about the Amazonian Indigenous peoples. History, background, links, working groups, and photos. Amazon Conservation Team - ACT is dedicated to creating new conservation strategies by combining indigenous knowledge with Western science to understand, document and preserve the biological and cultural diversity of the Amazon. Amazonia Suriname - Various news articles on developments surrounding Suriname's rainforest and indigenous people. Arutam: Jivaro Indians in the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Rainforest - Relief for Jivaro Indians in the Ecuadorian and Peruvian rainforest. A non profit organization focused on the safe-keeping of the Shuar, Achuar and Zaparo's traditional medicine and promotion of Amazonian traditions in Europe. Ashaninka Website - Website of the Ashaninka peoples of the Peruvian Amazon.

14. Indigenous Organizations In The Brazilian Amazonia :: Indigenous Peoples In Braz use of the lands they have traditionally occupied (guaranteed in article 231 ofthe 1988 Constitution), the indigenous peoples of brazilian Amazonia nowadays http://www.socioambiental.org/pib/english/orgsi/amazo.shtm

Find your way: Indigenous peoples in Brazil Indigenous organizations In the Brazilian Amazonia About the organizati ons Organizations table In the Brazilian Amazonia In the context of Amazonia, Indigenous associations have played a central role in the region’s sustainable development. Anthropologist Bruce Albert , a researcher of the ISA-CNPq-IRD agreement, discusses the topic. ::Indigenous associations in the 1990s: between the new Constitution and the "projects market" :: A mutation of the ‘Indigenous movement’: from political ethnicity to the ethnicity of results? :: Indigenous lands: from legalization to natural resources stewardship :: Indigenous lands and the Amazon environment ... :: Indigenous associations and sustainable development: potentialities and questions Indigenous associations in the 1990s: between the new Constitution and the "projects market" Since the end of the 1980s there has been a prolific increase in the creation and registration of indigenous associations in the form of "civil organizations" (COs). To give an idea of the scale of the phenomenon, only ten such associations existed before 1988 (Upper and Mid Solimões River, Manaus, Upper Negro River, Roraima); now there are more than 180 associations in the six States making up the Northern Region of Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima, Rondônia, Acre, Pará and Amapá), and probably more than 250 in so-called Legal Amazonia, which includes parts of the States of Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Maranhão. In other words, the number of such associations has increased twentyfold in little more than a decade. (see:

15. Brazilian Amerindians Request Statute Of Indigenous Peoples Title brazilian Amerindians Request Statute of indigenous peoples. Source indigenous Missionary Council THE STATUTE OF indigenous peoples. indigenous representatives from several http://forests.org/archive/brazil/amerpeti.htm

Brazilian Amerindians Request Statute of Indigenous Peoples http://forests.org/web/ Discuss Forest Conservation RELAYED TEXT STARTS HERE: Title: Brazilian Amerindians Request Statute of Indigenous Peoples Source: Indigenous Missionary Council Date: May 27, 1999 Newsletter n 362 AMERINDIANS PRODUCE SIGNED PETITION WITH OVER 90,000 SIGNATURES EQUESTING PASSAGE OF THE STATUTE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Indigenous representatives from several regions of the country who are members of the Council for the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples and Organizations of Brazil (Capoib), together with Cimi officials and federal congresspersons, delivered a signed petition with 93,868 signatures collected in Brazil and abroad to the presidents of the Chamber of Representatives, Michel Temer, and of the Senate, Antonio Carlos Magalhaes. The signed petition requests the passage of Bill n 2057/91 (Statute of Indigenous Peoples), proposed by federal representative Luciano Pizzato(Liberal Front Party-state of Paran ) to replace the statute presently in force. The National Congress has failed to pass the new

16. Programs And Projects :: ISA together an extensive network of voluntary collaborators, not only to “put Indianson the brazilian map,” but also to assist indigenous peoples in their http://www.socioambiental.org/e/prg/pib.shtm

Protected Areas Water Sources Policy and Law Indigenous Peoples in Brazil ... Xingu Publications in the series, Recent Events: Indigenous Peoples in Brazil The series of publications in the Indigenous Peoples in Brazil program known as Aconteceu de fato ) of indigenous territories, health, education, and economic projects. Information, news, and analyses are gathered and published every five years (formerly once a year), totally nine volumes so far that cover the period from 1980 through 2000. Encyclopedia of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil Team Editor and Coordinator: Fany Ricardo (anthropologist) Editor: Carlos Alberto Ricardo (anthropologist) Web Designer: Eduardo Utima Intern: Rodrigo L. Castardo Partnerships and funding sources Interecclesiastic Organization for Development Cooperation (ICCO), Netherlands: institutional support

17. Brazil - Brasil - BRAZZIL - News From Brazil - Sivam And The Indigenous Peoples Englishlanguage magazine dealing with brazilian politics, economy, behavior, music, tourism, ecology and culture in general. It also has classified, personal and display ads for brazilian the Amazonian Surveillance System intends to. monitor the brazilian Amazon. The brazilian Missionary Indigenist smaller land areas to the indigenous peoples in the states of Roraima http://www.brazil-brasil.com/p131mar03.htm

Brazzil Indians March 2003 Green over Green Officially, Sivam, the Amazonian Surveillance System intends to monitor the Brazilian Amazon. The Brazilian Missionary Indigenist Council, however, fears that the surveillance system might violate the rights of the Indians in the area. The history of indigenous people in the Brazil Amazon is marked by the violence of military presence and action. When the first Portuguese arrived, the indigenous population was estimated to be five million (three million living in the Amazon area). By the early 1980's there were a little over 200,000 indigenous people in Brazil. At that time, the federal government created the Calha Norte (Northern Trench) Project, whose goal was to occupy the frontier area of the Amazon, to build military units in these areas, and to bring assistance to the communities living in the interior. The government successfully occupied this part of the Amazon, considered a "demographically empty space" by the military ideologues. The federal government justified this militarization of the northern frontier of the country using the doctrine of National Security. This doctrine, however, did not prevent the influx of gold miners and loggers who brought death to many indigenous, especially the Yanomami, whose numbers were drastically reduced due to the invasion of almost 10,000 miners. Ignoring the 1988 Constitution's call for the demarcation of all indigenous lands, the government instead began to revise the boundaries and give much smaller land areas to the indigenous peoples in the states of Roraima and Acre. This action nullified any perspective of development for indigenous communities.

18. Embassy Of Brazil In London : Indigenous Peoples and the 1988 Constitution The rights of indigenous peoples are safeguarded inChapter VIII (Articles 231 and 232) of the brazilian Constitution of 1988. http://www.brazil.org.uk/category.php?catid=49

19. VIDEO BY AND ABOUT INDIGENOUS PEOPLES - Indigenous Peoples - Brazil And Mexico brazilian indigenous Community Video (November 1998); Welcome Back (September1998); November 1997); VIDEO BY AND ABOUT indigenous peoples (October 1997). http://www.lavavideo.org/featuredtitles/index.cfm?Features_ID=2

20. MythingLinks: Indigenous Peoples Of Latin America: South America's Amazonian Peo GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS indigenous peoples. of LATIN AMERICA It discusses Roosevelt's fieldwork at rugged brazilian sites possibly dating back 11 000 years; she argues that these http://www.mythinglinks.org/ip~amazonian.html

MYTHING LINKS Kathleen Jenks, Ph.D. GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES of LATIN AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA: AMAZONIAN PEOPLES "Wild Stream" (with Black Tiger) Elvis Luna From the Amazon Project [see below for home page] http://www.athenapub.com/orellan1.htm From the journal, Athena Review, comes this paper on Francisco de Orellana, a mid-16th century governor of Guayaquil, Ecuador, who joined a 1541-1542 expedition that was the first to travel the entire length of the Amazon River. I found the paper especially interesting for its details on the "Amazon" women warriors (for whom Orellana named the river), and their lion or jaguar goddess, who loved offerings of bright bird feathers: ....[she] required tribute from these villagers in the form of colored macaw and parrot feathers used to line the roofs of their temples. http://www.euronet.nl/users/mbleeker/suriname/suri-eng.html This is a lovely, rich site on the rainforests of Suriname (east of Venezuela) done by Marco Bleeker, who took the photos as a doctoral student in biology at the University of Utrecht, NL. It has a "slide show," which means when you click on the designated bar, you'll see a series of gorgeous photos of colorful flowers, plants, snakes, frogs from the jungle; a few jungle sounds also play from time to time. (See below for one of his photos.)

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