41. Professor Trumbull: The brazilian Candomble JegeNago is a religious equivalent Others view both religions are related but distinct a derivative of both West african Orisha devotion http://www.be.wvu.edu/divecon/econ/trumbull/cuba/santerialetter.html

Professor Trumbull: Your commentary with regard to Santeria in Cuba was forwarded to our editorial department at Commercial Data International. We acknowledge and appreciate your observation that Santeria is an essentially African religion. Indeed, we are always obliged when anyone offers suggestions that help us improve our product. Nevertheless, we stand by our asseveration that Santeria is a syncretistic amalgamate of the African religion, Orisha , and Roman Catholicism. While the format of our 1998 Country Review precluded any lengthy exposition to this effect, I am sure that some further explanation might be in order. As a provider of global intelligence information, we at Commercial Data International pride ourselves on the accuracy of the information that we disseminate. Consequently, we intend to refine our description of Santeria in our 1999 edition, so that its complexity might be understood with greater clarity. For your general interest, our reasons for maintaining our position are delineated following: Santeria Orisha (a West African, specifically Yoruba, – belief system based on devotion to spirits) with traditional Roman Catholicism. It emerged during the time of the trans-Atlantic slave trade when African slaves were brought to the New World, systematically Christianized, and disallowed to practice their ancestral religions, including

42. MACLAS Latin American Essays : Yoruban Religious Survival In Brazilian Candomble This Afrobrazilian religion is syncretic, a mingling of the pantheon Candomble is one of many New World religions finding its roots in african beliefs. http://static.highbeam.com/m/maclaslatinamericanessays/march012001/yorubanreligi

eLibrary Web Tour Become a Member ... Customer Support Question / Keyword(s): Advanced Search Current Article: Yoruban religious survival in Brazilian Candomble. Start M MACLAS Latin American Essays March 01, 2001 ... Yoruban religious survival in Brazilian Candomble. Yoruban religious survival in Brazilian Candomble. MACLAS Latin American Essays; March 01, 2001; Dolin, Kasey Qynn Dolin, Kasey Qynn MACLAS Latin American Essays March 01, 2001 yoruban religion, brazil, yoruba, candomble, voeks, complex syncretism, new world, catholic saints, exu, syncretism, africa, orixas, slave trade, de ganha, bahia Candomble is a possession religion widely practiced in Brazil today. This Afro-Brazilian religion is syncretic, a mingling of the pantheon, practices, and beliefs brought to the New World by Yoruban slaves and freedmen with the Catholicism of the dominant European culture. Candomble is one of many New World religions finding its roots in African beliefs. In Brazil alone, we find a multitude, including

43. Brazil - BRAZZIL - Black, Portuguese, Indian, All In The Mix - Brazilian Music - african ethnic or cultural groups—nações (nations). The greatest influence of the Fon, and hence closest similarity to vodun, in Afrobrazilian religions http://www.brazzil.com/musaug98.htm

Musical Cauldron Chris McGowan and Ricardo Pessanha In Brazil, music is everywhere. You can find it in a complex rhythmic pattern beaten out by an old man with his fingers on a cafe table; in the thundering samba that echoes down from the hills around Rio in the months prior to Carnaval; and in the bars where a guitar passes from hand to hand and everyone knows all the lyrics to all the classic Brazilian songs played late into the night. batucada (percussion jam) builds. Each amateur music-maker kicks in an interlocking rhythmic part to create a groove that would be the envy of most professional bands in other parts of the world. The singing and dancing inevitably go on for hours. Music is a passport to happiness for Brazilians, an escape from everyday frustrations and (for most) a hard and difficult material life. "There's an amazing magical, mystical quality to Brazilian music. Their music is paradise," says jazz flutist Herbie Mann. In the twentieth century more than a little of this paradise reached the outside world, and Brazil arguably had more of an impact on international popular music than any country other than the United States. It was successful abroad for as many reasons as there are types of Brazilian music. Just as the U.S. has exported a wide variety of musical genres, so too has Brazil, even though very few countries speak its national language, Portuguese. Most Brazilian music shares three outstanding qualities. It has an intense lyricism tied to its Portuguese heritage that often makes for beautiful, highly expressive melodies, enhanced by the fact that Portuguese is one of the most musical tongues on the earth and no small gift to the ballad singer. Second, a high level of poetry is present in the lyrics of much Brazilian popular music. And last, vibrant Afro-Brazilian rhythms energize most Brazilian songs, from samba to

44. Guest Speaker James L. Matory on the african and brazilian symbolism, as well as the local material conditions, of male homosexual leadership in the Afrobrazilian religions (Matory1988 http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Anthro/shack/matory.html

Tenth Emeritus Lecture Honoring William A. Shack Guest Speaker James L. Matory BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH J. Lorand Matory is professor of Anthropology and of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University. He researches the diversity of African, African-American and Latin American cultures, with an emphasis on how differently various peoples understand gender, sexuality, class, race, and national identity. Professor Matory began his anthropological career studying gender and the politics of metaphor in the Yoruba civilization of West Africa, which are the subject of his book Sex and the Empire That Is No More (University of Minnesota Press, 1994). It was noted by Choice magazine as one of the outstanding scholarly books of the year. His forthcoming book, Black Atlantic Religion (Princeton, 2001), concerns the role of free black travelers, merchants, and writers in the making of such Yoruba-inspired religions as Candomble and "Santeria," which have typically been regarded as mere "survivals" of African culture in the Americas. Matory's further recent publications address the rapid penetration of such Afro-Latin religions into the U.S. urban landscape. He is married with two children and currently lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

45. Non-Lukumi compatibility, through dialogue and collaboration with representatives of african religions. On Yoruba Indigenous Religion and brazilian Candomble Muslim http://www.church-of-the-lukumi.org/nonlukumi.html

DECLARATION IN RELATION TO NON-LUKUMI RELIGIONS Page THE RELATION OF THE CHURCH TO NON-LUKUMI RELIGIONS PROMULGATED BY OBA ERNESTO PICHARDO JANUARY 28, 1998 On Non-Lukumi African Religions In preparation for the next millenium, the Church examines more closely its relationship with other religions. Mankind is being drawn closer together by global trends and nations are becoming more inter-dependent. In our task of promoting unity, the Church considers in this declaration what we have in common and what draws us to fellowship. The whole human race is one community, one in their origin, for Olodumare is the one creator of all. Mankind from the various religions of the world seeks answers to unsolved questions in relation to its existence and thereafter. A universal denominator among the various peoples, is its beliefs, or recognition of a Supreme Being, and the existence of a spiritual reality that influences their physical world. African religions bound by universal precepts in relation to natural law, contemplate the divine mystery and express it through human inquiry and experience. In various forms, each in their own religious manner, seeks what is true. All follow teachings that may differ in many aspects. Nonetheless, in sincere, devout, and confident manner, by their own human effort and supreme illumination, they try to recognize, preserve and promote that which enlightens all humankind. Each religion proposes ways through teachings, rules of life, and sacred rites: a genuine certitude of spiritual, moral, and social truth. However, this certitude is at times stained by ruinous manifestation.

46. U. Mary WWW Resources - By Subject - Religions Of Africa Religion Lycos Afro-Carribean religions Mythinglinks/AFRICA Sub-Saharan Africa s Opening Page studyweb.com - brazilian and african religions ucalgary.ca http://it.umary.edu/Library/research/www_subjects/religion_africa.html

Back: Welder Library Web Resources Home WWW Resources by Subject Area Religions of Africa and the African Diaspora NOTE: The links on this page are raw material constituting the collection phase of directory development. (See About This Directory for information on phases of development.) They have not yet been re-examined and weeded. When they are, about half the links here now will have been discarded as insufficiently fruitful and a somewhat smaller number of brand new and more rewarding links will have been added. Unprocessed pages like this are also likely to have a higher number of broken links. To learn how to work around them, please read about Error Messages if you haven't already done so. Page Index: Overview Articles Ifa - Yoruba Santeria - La Regla Lucumi ... Other Directories of African Religions OVERVIEW porchfour - Religions of the World African caribbean religions - Face of the Gods InquiceWeb ARTICLES aril.org - The African Experience of God through the Eyes of an Akan Woman, by Mercy Amba Oduyoye berkeley.edu - Drum is the Ear of God ncsu.edu - African Religion utexas.edu - The Demise of Traditional Religion in African Culture IFA - YORUBA overview indiana.edu - Yoruba Art in Wood and Metal

47. PASSION OF CHRISTIAN AFRICAN SLAVES VS RACISM: AFRICAN RELIGION see Ethics of Maat, african Constitution, ect..at http//community.webtv.net/paulnubiaempire ) Ref african religions Afrobrazilian religions Afro-Caribbean http://community-2.webtv.net/PAULNUBIAEMPIRE/HARRYPORTERANDTHE/

PASSION OF CHRISTIAN AFRICAN SLAVES VS RACISM: AFRICAN RELIGION THE PASSION OF THE CHRISTIANIZED AFRICAN SLAVES AND THE POWER OF AFRICAN SPIRITUALITY/RELIGION: HARRY POTTER'S MAGIC AND THE BLACK EGYPTIAN MYSTRY SCIENCES cooking THE BRUTALITY SUFFERED BY JESUS CHRIST AND PORTRAYED IN THE MOVIE "THE PASSSION OF THE CHRIST" BROUGHT EMOTIONAL FEELINGS AND TEARS FROM MANY WHO SAW IT, YET, IF THESE SAME PEOPLE WERE TO SEE PORTRAYALS OF THE BRUTALITY SUFFERED BY AFRICAN SLAVES IN THE US, HAITI, THE CARIBBEAN, LATIN AMERICA BEFORE 1865 OR THE BURNINGS ALIVE, LYNCHINGS, AND CRUELTY OR JIM CROW, OR THE NEW SYSTEM OF RAPE, , BRUTALITY, CONFINEMENT OF BLACKS IN THE US, AUSTRALIA, ENGLAND AND LATIN AMERICA, OR THE PRESENT RAPE, RACISM, GENOCIDE AND DESTRUCTION AGAINST BLACKS IN SUDAN, WEST PAPUA, COLUMBIA, THEY WOULD CRY AN OCEAN OF TEARS. Read more about it, "A History of Racism and Terrorism, Rebellion and Overcoming," published by www.xlibris.com http://community.webtv.net/nubianem IS CHRISTIANITY/SEMITIC RELIGIONS RACIST? IS CHRISTIANITY AND SEMITIC RELIGIONS RACIST RELIGIONS THAT HAVE INSULTED THE HUMANITY OF BLACKS, ENCOURAGES RACISM AND SLAVERY, IS THE CORE OF THE RACIST, GENOCIDIST MENTALITY OF THE EURO-CHRISTIANS, SEMITES AND OTHERS. IN RESPONSE, THE ENTIRE BLACK RACE SHOULD RETURN TO THE BLACK AFRICAN SPIRITUALIST RELIGIONS LIKE SHANGO, VADU, ORISHA, LUCUMI, MBANDA AND OTHERS.

48. (DS535) Spiritism In Brazil And Latin America Bibliography Portuguese, French-, and Spanish-language materials, including works on brazilian umbanda and _ The african religions of Brazil Toward a Sociology of the http://www.equip.org/free/DS535.htm

STATEMENT DS535 Spiritism in Brazil and Latin America Bibliography An Introductory English-Language Bibliography Prepared by Paul Carden This preliminary bibliography was compiled using a wide variety of English- and Portuguese-language sources, and in some cases information is incomplete; no effort was made to include journal articles, which are numerous. Works that approach the subject from an evangelical Christian perspective are marked with an asterisk (*); CRI does not necessarily endorse their contents, however. A more detailed English-language bibliography on santería is available from CRI (part #DS-110). The compiler also has access to bibliographies of Portuguese-, French-, and Spanish-language materials, including works on Brazilian umbanda and candomblé, Haitian voodoo, Cuban santería, and the María Lionza cult of Venezuela. Additions and suggestions welcomed! Bascom, William. “Two Forms of Afro-Cuban Divination” in Tax, Sol (ed.), Acculturation in the Americas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952. Shango in the New World . Austin: University of Texas, African and Afro-American Research Institute, 1972.

49. WACC - Reflections Upon Racism In The Context Of Brazilian Mass Media Reform and psychological aspects of racist practices in brazilian society, but violence, sexism, prostitution, and intolerance against african religions (among other http://www.wacc.org.uk/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1488

50. Course_Descriptions Contemporary Portuguese and brazilian Literature. top of Page. RELIGION. REL 158. african religions and New World Culture (3 sh) S african religion and culture http://www.temple.edu/LAS/coursedescriptions.html

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES LAS C050 . Perspectives of Latin America (3 s.h.) (IS) FS Examines essential characteristics and values of Latin American societies, including class and ethnic matters, religious traditions, intellectual life (art, music, and literature), and social change. Meets International Studies Core Curriculum requirement. One section fulfills the Studies in Race requirement. LAS 100 . Latin America Through Film and Fiction (3 s.h.) S LAS 129 . Politics of Development in Latin America (3 s.h.) FS An examination of Latin America’s struggle for economic development, one of the most important human dramas of the 20 th century. Emphasis of the relationships that have prevailed over the last few decades between developmental theories and the everyday lives of Latin American peoples. Discussion of the political and ideological questions involved in Latin American development. Exploration of how Latin American developmental issues affect the United States through matters such as job relocations and trade pacts. LAS 130 . Democracy in Latin America (3 s.h.) 98-99 An examination of the structure and culture of Latin American democracies organized around three major themes: (1) a discussion of theories of democracy; (2) the formation and development of democratic institutions in Latin America; and (3) the political culture of Latin American democracy. Uses a social problems approach to look at two controversial Latin American issues since the late 1960's: the tension between adopting a procedural vs. a substantive definition of democracy, and the emphasis on political vs. socioeconomic factors in explaining democratization.

51. BRAZIL'S BLACK RENAISSANCE IS HAPPENING *PIC* is also being cherished along with other types of Afrobrazilian music. In african religions like those practiced in Brazil, spiritual events and rituals are http://www.raceandhistory.com/cgi-bin/forum/webbbs_config.pl/noframes/read/96

U.S. Crusade TrinidadandTobagoNews AmonHotep Trinicenter ... Recommended Books Articles Archive: Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 ... Read Next Msg BRAZIL'S BLACK RENAISSANCE IS HAPPENING *PIC* Posted By: Paul Barton Date: 11, January 02, at 2:03 a.m. AFRO-BRAZILIANS ARE STRENGTHENING THEIR AFRICAN HERITAGE AND CULTURE, UNITING AS AFRICAN PEOPLE Brazil has had a history of division of Blacks since the days of slavery. In Brazil, shades of color from cafe-au-lait to pure Black has been labeled and classified into a number of shades and castes, similar to he first ancient aspects of the caste or "varna" (color consciousness) used to devide and conquer India. From the beginning of Brazilian history, one aspect of human interaction has been a fact of life. That aspect is the abuse and violation of African females by the slavemasters which brought into existance the many varieties of skin color resulting from European exploitation of Africans and Indians. Yet, slavery in Brazil was not like slavery in the U.S., where slaves were totally debased to the extent that every effort was made to destroy the African language, culture, religion and intellectual capacity. In Brazil, the number of slaves imported was quite large. Moreover, most slaves in Brazil came from parts of Africa with developed culture. ORIGINS OF AFRO-BRAZILIANS Most of the Africans who were sent to Brazil came from West Africa and Congo-Angola between the mid 1500's to the late 1880's. Angola, one of Africa's important kingdoms had been organized long before the 12th Century. The Portugese arrived in Angola region during the 1400's. By the 1500's they were involved in trade and in trying to spread their religion into Angola. One of Angola's Kings, Matamba and his daughter Nzinga Matamba, the Queen of Angola during the 1600's, fought the Portugese for many years to stop the destruction of their country and the rapid enslavement of the Central African People, who were being shipped to Brazil, the Spanish colonies and later the U.S. (Many Black Americans west of Florida are of Angolan/Congolese origins. Louisiana's 'Congo Square" or "Angola" institution were named due to the connection with Angola.

52. Sociology Of Religion: Outside The Nation, Outside The Diaspora: Accommodating R These brazilian regional variants became AfroAmerican in the new in Argentina advanced, they were increasingly considered african religions (Frigerio 1993b http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0SOR/3_63/92284222/p9/article.jhtml?term=

53. Journal Of Social History: From Ethnicity To Race And Gender: Transformations Of born slaves resulted in dynamic syncretisms between african religions and Roman Catholicism, most notably in a form of african brazilian religion candomble. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m2005/2_32/53449342/p6/article.jhtml?term=

54. October 7, 1992 FOR RELEASE Immediately CONTACT Elaine Her academic specialty is the african diaspora in Besides using religions to trace cultural influences, Harris into the major house of brazilian Candomble, a http://universitycommunications.uvm.edu/newsarchives/i. Fall 1992/Lecture-on-Rel

55. Introduction GuineaSudanese with their respective religions came together to form what is called Macumba, an umbrella terminology for african-brazilian religious systems. http://www.qub.ac.uk/sa/resources/Samba/PAGE1_Anew.HTML

Samba: 'a way of life' Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and largest on the South American continent. It has common borders with all but two of its South American neighbours namely, Equador and Chile. Brazil possesses 4,600 miles of coastline as well as the Amazon Basin, home to the largest rainforest on the planet. It is still the world's largest producer of coffee, sugar and oranges, second among the cocoa producers and fourth among tobacco growers. But, perhaps it is best known for its musical endeavours. The most celebrated expression in the vocabulary of Brazilian musical is the Samba, a national phenomenon of international recognition. But what is Samba? There is no straightforward answer to this question. Samba is many things to many people. A common response might be that 'it's a way of life' or knowingly 'it's in my blood.' But, sometimes words simply can't express the enthusiasm or respect that some people feel for this musical expression. It's a philosophy, a celebration, and a remedy for the repressed soul. It is culture and tradition, it's a way to forget yourself and conversely also to find yourself . On top of all this, it is also a musical form created mainly by black and mulatto residents of Rio de Janeiro. The key elements that make Samba what it is are a 2/4 metre with the heaviest accent on the second beat and a stanza and refrain structure with emphasis on interlocking and syncopated rhythms. These rhythms are produced by the batucada which consists of various drums and percussion

56. Yanvalou Drum And Dance Ensemble - HTML Only brazilian Candomblé. Candomblé is a folk religion derived mostly from Yoruban religions of West Africa of a deep connection with and pride in african heritage. http://www.wellesley.edu/Activities/homepage/yanvalou/htmlversion.html

Yanvalou Drum and Dance Ensemble History The rhythms and dance performed are rooted in the African-derived tradition and rituals of Vodun in Haiti and Candomble in Brazil. The Ensemble is a student group at Wellesley college comprised of students, staff, and visiting artists, directed by Kera Washington '93 and advised by Professor Gerdes Fleurant. Yanvalou's Founding Yanvalou was formed in 1990 by the group's current director, Kera Washington '93. Motivated by her desire to learn Afro-Haitian drumming, Kera and a few friends began practicing under the instruction of Professor Gerdes Fleurant, who helped them discover musical traditions of Haiti. They recruited friends who were interested in learning the traditional dances of Haiti and through the teachings of choreographer Isaura Oliveira, eventually added Brazilian rhythms and movement to their repertoire. Over time, Yanvalou's popularity grew, and today, the group typically consists of 20 dancers and 10 musicians. Past and Present Collaborators Marlene de Silva of Brazil, Choreographer of Black Orpheus (1959)

57. Country Guides - Travel - Virgin.net s african legacy extends to candomble, a fusion of african and Catholic religions. AfroBrasileiro, a fascinating insight into afro-brazilian culture, with http://cities.virgin.net/Country.jsp?Region=South America&ResortsSection=The Bra

58. Manipulating The Sacred - Yoruba Art, Ritual, And Resistance In Brazilian Candom in the africanbased religions of Brazil. She focuses on the symbolism and function of ritual objects and costumes used in the brazilian candomblé (miniature http://wsupress.wayne.edu/africana/afranthropology/omarims.htm

Book Information About the book Reviews Manipulating the Sacred Mikelle S. Omari-Tunkara African American Life Series $49.95s cloth / ISBN 0-8143-2851-2 $24.95s paper / ISBN 0-8143-2852-0 212 pages / 6 x 9 83 illustrations Publication delayed

59. LAS Int'l Studies Catalog Relig 356, african religions. ASIA. Pol S 451, Asia in World Politics. Relig 352, Religious Traditions of India. Port 340, brazilian Civilization and Culture. http://www.las.iastate.edu/students/international/progcata03rs.shtml

REGIONAL STUDIES COMPONENTS ASIA LATIN AMERICA WESTERN EUROPE Anthr 250x Contemporary Muslim Societies Anthr 325 Anthr 335 Art H 384x The Art of Islam Pol S 348 Pol S 350 Introduction to the Middle East Pol S 440 Comp. Politics of the Middle East Port 441 Relig 233 Introduction to Judaism Relig 354 Islamic Civilization Relig 356 African Religions ASIA Anthr 326 Anthr 327x Arch 427 History of Chinese Architecture Art H 382 Art H 384x The Art of Islam Art H 481 Chin 370 Chinese Literature in Translation Chin 375 China Today Hist 207 Introduction to Chinese Civilization Hist 336 History of Modern China I Hist 337 History of Modern China II Hist 339x US-East Asian Relations Hist 474x Pol S 341 Politics of Japan Pol S 342 Politics of China Pol S 451 Asia in World Politics Relig 352 Religious Traditions of India Relig 353 Buddhism Relig 354 Islamic Civilization T C 355 History of Asian Costume LATIN AMERICA Anthr 323 Hist 341 History of Latin America II Hist 441 History of Mod. Mexico and Cent. America

60. AE Book Review Search from what he calls the “brazilian Paradox,” or de Mina of Maranhao is essentially african although it traits with Catholicism and other religions” (p. 96 http://www.aaanet.org/aes/bkreviews/result_details.cfm?bk_id=363

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