1. African Traditional Religion This webpage is a painstaking effort to put together all that is available in the internet world on the rich religious background of the africans. Music (Italian) african Traditional religions and Promotion of Community Caribbean religions. Haiti african Religion syncretism. Caribbean religions. brazilian Myths Fantastic http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION Webpage maintained by CHIDI DENIS ISIZOH SOME TOPICAL ISSUES The Role of women in African Traditional Religion Concepts of Social Justice in Traditional Africa Reincarnation in the framework of African Ontology Crime in African Traditional Religion ... African Religiosity expressed in Music (Italian) African Traditional Religions and Promotion of Community Emergent Key Issues in African Traditional Religion Ancestor Veneration in Africa African Creation Myths ... The loss of ATR in contemporary society i n Be INTRODUCTION TO ASPECTS OF THE RELIGION Bibliography on African Traditional Religion Elements to admire in African Traditional Religion Country by Country Statistics (1900 - 2000) Map of Africa showing the spread of African Traditional Religion TARGETED LINKS A Yoruba Naming Ceremony Funeral Ceremonies of the Ibo Yoruba Belief- An Introduction, Man and the Gods in Yoruba Belief, ... Ancient Africa A Great Oral Tradition MEETING POINTS OF THE THREE GREAT RELIGIONS IN AFRICA African Traditional Religion And ISLAM 1) 1000-year cohabitation and the resulting compromises 2) Islam's response to African Traditional Religion in Nigeria African Traditional Religion And CHRISTIANITY 1) «Conversion» in African Traditional Religion The meaning of "conversion of heart" in African Traditional Religion.

2. African-Based Religions africanBased religions. More Information Candomble is a list for the discussion of the brazilian branch of Orisha worship http://sparta.rice.edu/~maryc/AfroCuban.html

African-Based Religions More Information: Orisha, Ifa, Palo Monte Vodou Candomble ... Newsgroups, List Goups, etc Translation Sites Babel Fish Dictionary. com T here are a variety of interesting sites focused on African and Afro-Caribbean Religions. This page has pulled together links I find interesting. Some of these sites I agree with, others I don'tall are interesting. But don't believe everything you read! M y introduction to discusses the basic cosmology of Orisha religion in the New World. M y bibliography of African-based religious lists books you may find interesting. The listed books should be generally available in the larger bookstores and libraries. M y FAQ answers many of the questions I have received concerning these religions. Please check it out before sending me email requesting help. Orisha, Ifa, Palo Monte Orisha List Home Page . The official webpage for the OrishaList mail list . This site has recently moved and is in the process of being re-installed. On former site the contributors have put together a wide ranging page with lots of interesting articles. This was the source for the readings of the year from Oyotunji Village. OrishaNet . Another view of Lukumi put together by Baba Eyiogbe, a babalawo in Seattle. More good information here, including a Lucumi Vocabulary page. Worth a visit for the beautiful picture of Oshun on the opening page.

3. Introducing Mary Ann Clark african religions in the Americas Reading List. Surveys and Overviews. african Traditional religions. Black Church in America. Candomble. Espiritismo. Santeria. Vodoun. Everyone has his or her own reading list for these religions. The Taste of Blood Spirit Possession in brazilian Candomblé. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991 http://sparta.rice.edu/~maryc/Bibliography.html

African Religions in the Americas Reading List More Information About: Surveys and Overviews African Traditional Religions Black Church in America Candomble ... Vodoun E veryone has his or her own reading list for these religions. This list is based on the readings I use for my African Religions in the Americas class. Not all are used in class, some I use for background material. E ach of these authors brings their own background and belief system to their work. I don't agree completely with what any of these authors say (including Clark, 1998), but together they present a good introduction to these religions. The key ( ) indicates those books I usually suggest be read first. I f you have found some book especially enlightening and feel it should be added to the list, please feel free to send me the information. (I don't guarantee I will follow your suggestions, only that I will consider it.) Surveys and Overviews Murphy, Joseph M. 1994.

4. National African Religion Congress, (NARC), HISTORY OF NARC african VILLAGE. african religions also help upscale high finance types deal effectively with the Oba Ferreira, speaks with the brazilian press and television crews during the http://www.narcworld.com/history.htm

CEREMONY SUBMIT PAPERS/BIOS PURPOSE HISTORY ... BOARD DIRECTORY C ERTIFICATION INFORMATION CERTIFY ASSOCIATE ... REGISTER FOR CONFERENCE CEREMONIES SPEAKING PRESENTATION MEMBER S WEB SITES: HAITIAN VOODOO LE PERISTYLE HAITIAN SANCTUARY IFA AFRICAN VILLAGE African religions also help upscale high finance types deal effectively with the diseases associated with a competitive society: physical disorders such as hypertension, heart attacks, ulcers, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma and respiratory problems. The growth of African religions within the United States is phenomenal. Within the City of Philadelphia, alone, there are more than 1,000 houses of African based religions led by priests and/or priestesses servicing godchildren, clients and patrons. Each house consists of 10 to 50 godchildren. Thus, there are tens of thousands of practitioners of African religions in the Delaware Valley or Metropolitan Philadelphia. THE KEY TO SUCCESS: ORGANIZATION Following NARC's first unification conference - Easter weekend 1999 - a dedicated effort was launched to certify priests and priestesses at every opportunity.

5. Religious Movements Homepage: Macumba Making System of an africanbrazilian, Macumba Community in Salvador, Brazil. in Peter B. Clarke (ed.) New Trends and Developments in african religions. http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/macu.html

Macumba/Candomble I. Profile Report Name: Macumba is the "umbrella" term used for two principle forms of African spirit worship: Candomble and Umbanda . It is the Brazilian equivalent of Voudon and Santeria . Although macumba is associated with black magic, a more appropriate term is Quimbanda Founder: Black slaves shipped to Brazil in the 1550s brought the worship of African Gods, or orishas , to Brazil. Date of Birth: Not applicable Birth Place: Most of the slaves who incorporated their religion into Brazilian culture were from Africa. Year Founded: Brief History: When the Portugese began shipping slaves to Brazil in the sixteenth century, the country already had an amalgamation of religions. Catholicism was desperately trying to rid the area of the native Indian beliefs. The slaves found their beliefs in spirits and magic synonymous with native faiths. The two intertwined; while the slaves outwardly worshipped under the Catholic faith, they covertly carried on their religious beliefs until their liberation in 1888. At least fifteen generations of slaves had grown up with a belief in the orishas Candomble , like Santeria, resembles Yoruban religions. The name derives from the celebration held on coffee plantations by the blacks. The first center for

6. African, Indigenous And Syncretic Religions In Latin America Orisha Santeria General resources on the Yoruba origins of the various african religions in Latin America. Macumba An umbrella term for brazilian Umbanda and http://www.lasculturas.com/lib/libOrisaInd.htm

African, Indigenous and Syncretic Resources on Santeria, Macumba, Candomblé and other African, indigenous and syncretic religions. Aztec Religion Information about the pre-Hispanic Aztec religions and some of the resulting merging of the beliefs. Candomblé Candomblé, an Orisha based religion in Brazil. Ifa Orisha - Santeria General resources on the Yoruba origins of the various African religions in Latin America. Macumba An umbrella term for Brazilian Umbanda and Candomblé. Also known as Quimbanda. Here are some resources addressing both faiths. Palo An Afro-Caribbean religion derived from the Kongo cultures. Palo Mayombe, Monte, Kimbisa and some of the paths also called Regla de Palo. Umbanda Resources about Umbanda, a Brazilian faith with African and Amerindian influences. Vodou General resources on Vodou/Voodoo, a religion that survived in Haiti, as well as Cuba, Brazil, the Dominican Republic and other parts of Latin America.

7. Beliefnet.com Afrobrazilian religions, view by date. welcomes followers of Candomblé, Umbanda, and other african-derived religions of Brazil! http://www.beliefnet.com/boards/discussion_list.asp?boardID=13972

8. Beliefnet.com Descended from african, Christian, and (to a lesser extent) native brazilian religions, Candomble has primarily continued Yoruban priestly roles and symbolism. http://www.beliefnet.com/boards/message_list.asp?discussionID=8429

9. African & African American Religions Learn basic facts about african and afician american religions, one of the earth religions, pagan practices, includes santeria, voo doo, occult, and witchcraft. Visit an online low cost, high african and african American religions. The original african religions, no longer reside solely These Africianbrazilian religions are Candomblé in Bahia, Xangô in Pernambuco and http://www.silverstitches.com/religions/africa.html

African and African American Religions The original African religions, no longer reside solely in Africa. They have traveled the world over, to every country where slaves have been traded and sold. The traditional African religious systems include Bakongo, Akan, Vodoun, and Ifa'Orisha. In some areas, such as Brazil, the different rites and local names have changed in order to hide behind the popular religion in the area. These Africian-Brazilian religions are Candomblé in Bahia, Xangô in Pernambuco and Alagoas, Tambor de Mina in Maranhão and Pará, Batuque in Rio Grande do Sul, and Macumba in Rio de Janeiro. I also need to mention Umbanda, which is a blend of African, American and European religious traditions. The following 'Beliefs' and 'Practices' are common among all the African religions. The Beliefs There is widespread belief in a supreme God, unique and transcendent. Africans have a sense of the sacred and a sense of mystery; there is high reverence for sacred places, persons and objects; sacred times are celebrated. Belief in the afterlife is incorporated in myths and in funeral ceremonies.

10. Candomblé, Umbanda & Afro-Brazilian Religions The Afrobrazilian religions began to take an organized The religions were syncretized in Brazil into new secretly worshipped their West african gods during http://www.thebraziliansound.com/afro1.htm

The Brazilian Sound Brazilian M usic DVD s/Videos ... Links Candombl e , Umbanda Afro-Brazilian Religions: by Chris McGowan Ricardo Pessanha An Excerpt From The Brazilian Sound: Samba, Bossa Nova And the Popular Music of Brazil (Temple University Press, 1998) African heritage survives in modern Brazil in a variety of manifestations. Brazilian Portuguese has incorporated many Yoruba and other African words. The cuisine in Bahia is quite similar to that of West Africa. And Brazilian music, dance, and culture in general are heavily rooted in Africa. In fact, Brazil has the largest African-descended population outside of Africa. In 1980, Brazil's population was 44.5 percent black or mulatto, according to the government census, and it is clear that more than half of all Brazilians have at least one ancestor from the mother continent. Afro-Brazilian religions, despite past suppression by the Catholic Church and Brazilian government, have became firmly rooted in the national culture. The enslaved Yoruba, Ewe, and other peoples brought their animist beliefs from Africa to the New World. These religions are probably thousands of years old, predating Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. Their belief systems were maintained for millennia, not on parchment or tablets, but as living oral traditions in ritual and music handed down from generation to generation. The Yoruba, who had the greatest influence on Afro-Brazilian religion, came primarily from what is now Nigeria. Their òrìsà tradition, carried across the Atlantic Ocean, was transformed in Brazil into

11. SurfWax -- News And Articles On African Religions Articles on african religions from newspapers and magazines around the world. follow Christianity or african religions, the archipelago is brazilian immigrant living his American dream Dec 22, 2003. It is the melting pot of Catholicism and african religions as http://religion.surfwax.com/files/African_Religions.html

News and Articles on African Religions Last update: May 27, 2004 May 27, 2004 Some were dead or dying," Carney said. Frias said he thinks most of the animals seized are healthy enough to be saved and, after rehabilitation and continued care, will be adoptable. According to an encyclopedia on world religions, Santeria derives from west African religions and Catholicism, most commonly practiced in Caribbean islands and Hispanic population centers in the United States. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1993 that animal cruelty laws targeted at the Santeria practice of animal... (Alameda Times-Star, CA). Militant Islamic leader held for questioning Apr 13, 2004 But like the mainland, where the majority of people follow Christianity or African religions, the archipelago is run by a secular government. However, moderate Zanzibari Muslim leaders and Tanzanian and foreign officials have expressed concerns about rising extremism among young Muslims in the archipelago, which includes Zanzibar and the smaller island of Pemba. (CNN World) Report on Ghana's Human Rights Practices For 2003 Mar 21, 2004

12. MythSearch.com: The African Diaspora Collection of links to sites on african and AfroCaribbean religions. of these Afro-Caribbean religions in addition to the religions of Africa. african religions. Art Brief introduction to this brazilian religion. A Portuguese version is also available http://www.mythsearch.com/africa.html

Site Map Home What's New Web Rings and Awards ... Contact Didn't find what you were looking for? Search and post a question in the new MythSearch.com Forum! West Africa is the source of numerous interesting religions, aspects of which were spread across the Atlantic during the slave trade. In some places these traditions spawned new religions. This site has links to sites discussing aspects of several of these Afro-Caribbean religions in addition to the religions of Africa. African Religions Art Cutting to the Essence: Shaping the Fire An art exhibit and history covering the religion and mythology of the Yoruba people. Content Format : 4, There are too many hyperlinks that link into large pieces of text, making the specific information being linked to difficult to see. Relevance : 4, The discussion of weights is not immeidiatly relevant. Yoruba Twin Figure Carvings Thunderchildren: Yoruba Twin Figure Carvings from Nigeria.

13. African Religions In Jamaica And Cuba african religions in Jamaica and Cuba. By Brian Siegel. Jamaican Obeah from other Yoruba traditions like Trinidadian Shango, brazilian candomblé, or Haitian voudon; the words santero and http://facweb.furman.edu/~dstanford/jc/africanreligions.htm

African Religions in Jamaica and Cuba By Brian Siegel Jamaican Obeah A 1760 law prescribed death or transport for any Negro or slave who shall pretend to any supernatural Power and be detected in making use of any Blood, Feathers, Parrot Beaks, Dogs Teeth, Alligators Teeth, broken Bottles, Grave Dirt, Rum, Eggshell, or any other Materials relative to the practice of Obeah or Witchcraft, in order to delude and impose upon the Minds of others. ( Acts of Jamaica , C.O. 139/21) A 1789 report to London on the treatment of slaves, one attributed to Jamaican legislator and historian Edward Long, mentions the African-derived “science” or “witchcraft or sorcery” practiced by obeah -men: The Negroes in general, whether African or Creoles [i.e., Jamaican-born], revere, consult and abhor them [the obeah -men]; to these oracles they resort, and with the most implicit faith, upon all occasions, whether for the cure of disorders, the obtaining of revenge for injuries and insults, the conciliating of favour, the discovery and punishment of the thief or the adulterer, and the prediction of future events. ( Report of the Lords of the Committee of the Council appointed for the consideration of all matters relating to Trade and Foreign Plantations , London, 1789; from Joseph J. Williams

14. Smithsonian Institution: National Museum Of African Art Branch Library: Religion and practices; syncretic religious movements; Christianity and Islam in Africa; Afrobrazilian cults; Santería; Vodun and other african religions in the New http://www.loc.gov/rr/main/religion/afa.html

The Library of Congress Especially for Researchers Research Centers Home ... Religion Find in Main Reading Room Pages Researchers Web Pages All Library of Congress Pages Religion Collections in Libraries and Archives: A Guide to Resources in Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia Table of Contents Preface/Acknowledgements Abbreviations Lists of Entries: District of Columbia Maryland Virginia Smithsonian Institution Libraries: ... National Museum of African Art Branch Library Address: 950 Independence Avenue SW NMAA, MRC 708 Washington, DC 20560 Telephone Number: ext. 286 Fax Number: Contact Persons: Janet Stanley, Librarian Email Address: libmail@sil.si.edu Internet Catalog Address: telnet to siris.si.edu or http://www.siris.si.edu/ Access Policies Hours of Service: MondayFriday 9:00 a.m.-5:15 p.m. Open to the public: Yes, appointment strongly encouraged Photocopying: Yes Interlibrary loan: Yes Reference Policy: Telephone and mail reference questions are accepted Borrowing Privileges: Limited to staff and Smithsonian fellows. The general public may borrow through interlibrary loan in their local public library or their university library.

15. ThinkQuest : Library : 500 Years In The Making: Brazil And Its Culture to Brazil in the 1500’s. When early brazilian agronomists began importing slaves from Africa inthe 1540’s, the african religions were brought with them. http://library.thinkquest.org/C005537/religions.html

Index South America 500 Years In the Making: Brazil and Its Culture 500 Years in the Making, Brazil and Its Culture celebrates 500 years of Brazilian history by filling part of the still immense gap of ignorance and misinformation that exists between the general public and the Federative Republic of Brazil. Separated into 6 categories - People and Culture, City Profiles, Interesting Facts, History, Music, and Brazil's Future - on our site, you can learn about Brazilians and their lifestyles, see and read about some of the cities that they live in, discover interesting trivial facts about Brazil, hear the National Anthem, see a timeline of events in Brazilian history, find out the different Brazilian styles of music, and hear from a Brazilian's perspective how the next century will be for the Brazilian people. Visit Site 2000 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Students Robert Jefferson County International Baccalaureate School, Birmingham, AK, United States luana Instituto ABEL, Niteroi, Brazil Michelle Instituto ABEL, niteroi, Brazil

16. Definition Of Brazil - WordIQ Dictionary & Encyclopedia or follow practices derived from african religions. Culture. Main article Culture of Brazil Sports. Main Article Sports in Brazil brazilian Football League http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Brazil

Encyclopedia Dictionary Thesaurus The Web eBooks loadkeyword("Brazil"); Brazil Encyclopedia Definition: Brazil This article is about Brazil, the country. For other article subjects named Brazil see Brazil (disambiguation) The Federative Republic of Brazil (spelled Brasil in Portuguese ) is the largest and most populous country in South America . Spanning a vast area between the Andes and the Atlantic Ocean , it borders Uruguay Argentina Paraguay Bolivia ... Suriname and French Guiana . Named after brazilwood , a local tree, Brazil is home to both extensive agricultural lands and rain forests República Federativa do Brasil In Detail Full size National motto : Ordem e Progresso Portuguese , Order and Progress) Official language Portuguese Capital Brasília Largest City São Paulo President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Area - Total - % water Ranked 5th Population - Total ( Density Ranked 5th Independence - Declared - Recognised From Portugal September 7 August 29 GDP (base PPP) - Total ( - GDP/head Ranked 10th(countries) Ranked 7th(economies) 1,34 trillions $ Currency Real Time zone UTC -2 to -5 National anthem Hino Nacional Brasileiro Internet TLD .BR Calling Code Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide")

17. The Contribution Of Africa To The Religious Heritage Of The World: Excerpts From However, it is also real in the different Afrobrazilian and Afro-Caribbean religions, and in the spirituality of african-American Churches and in african http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/interreligious/cd37-13.html

The contribution of Africa to the religious heritage of the world Excerpts from the welcome address Hans Ucko The World Council of Churches rededicated itself at the Eighth Assembly in Harare, Zimbabwe 1998 to "the African dream and agenda for the 21st century" and adopted a statement, which expressed a will and desire to engage creatively and in solidarity with Africa, stimulating a new way of looking at Africa. It is a focus on Africa. Such a focus is needed and the WCC Assembly did not have to go long to explain why the churches ought to be engaged for the well-being of Africa: half of Africa is at present at war in their own countries, the refugee crisis, the effects of globalisation, poverty, terrorism, the health crisis and the spread of Aids. The problems, which are certainly not to be ignored, do however shape an image of Africa as a continent full of needs, which has little to offer. The most common seems to be to focus on the continent of Africa, not from the point of view of its positive achievements, but from its problems. This consultation, which we hope will yield fruits for an ongoing process on the theme "The contribution of Africa to the religious heritage of the world", should challenge the perception of Africa as being mainly on the receiving end or as a source of poor health and ongoing conflicts. What prompts us is not apologetics but as far as we can understand it, we would like to provide space for the integrity of Africa, because we have seen and understood that Africa is vibrant and present way beyond its geographical location.

18. Brazilian Photography plantation owners supported the military in deposing the brazilian Emperor in Catholic, but there are many influences from native Indian and african religions. http://photography.about.com/library/weekly/aa103000a.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Photography Home Essentials ... Image Manipulation for Photographers zau(256,152,180,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Taking photos Special Processes Printing, Presentation Careers and Business ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Photography newsletter. Search Photography Brazilian Photography Part 1: Brazilian Background More of this Feature Part 2: Early photography Part 3: Postwar Brazil Part 4: Contemporary Brazil Related Resources Argentine Photography Bolivian Photography From Other Guides Brazil - South America for Visitors Brazil - Geography Brazil - Facts Elsewhere on the Web Destination Brazil - Lonely Planet Origens do Processo Fotográfico Brazil is a vast country, with a land area almost as large as the USA and a population of over 170 million (about two thirds that of the USA.) The majority of its population claim European descent, although there are many of mixed race and also a significant populations of African origin. There are though to be only about 270,000 native Indians, mainly living in dense and inaccessible jungle areas - less than a tenth of the population when the first Portuguese colonists arrived in 1531. The settlers found the climate ideal for growing sugar, making slaves of the Indians to work the plantations. Slaves soon became the country's largest export, and it was the hunt for Indians led by the slave traders that led to the great expansion of the country inland to the Andes. By the seventeenth century, it was necessary to bring in African slaves to grow sugar and also to mine the gold that was discovered in the Mina Gerais.

19. Brazil Travel Guide: Communicating In Portuguese Thus, the brazilian culture is a rich blend of many ways of living reflected they are Catholic, a lot of them also practice the african religions without any http://scsc.essortment.com/braziltravel_rnqj.htm

Brazil travel guide: communicating in portuguese Brazil: A quick travel guide to help you start planning your trip to the most exotic place in the western hemisphere. If your destiny is Brazil, here are a few tidbits of information that will help make your stay an enjoyable one: About the history: Brazil was colonized by the Portuguese but also received a large group of immigrants from other countries, mostly from Germany, Holland, France, Spain and Japan in addition to Africans who arrived as slaves. Thus, the Brazilian culture is a rich blend of many ways of living reflected in its food, clothes, religions, literature, and food. Theres little racial and ethnic segregation in Brazil and youll enjoy your time there better if you go in with an open mind. bodyOffer(33143) About the geography: If youre going there, you already know Brazil is in South America. Brazil is also larger than the continental United States and its northern region is crossed by the equator, which means its very hot all the time. Eastern Brazil is on the Atlantic and boasts of beautiful beaches you can sunbathe on year-round. About religion: While most Brazilians will tell you they are Catholic, a lot of them also practice the African religions without any conflict, as spiritualism created deep roots in Brazil centuries ago when African slaves maintained their culture alive by continuing to practice the same religious rituals of their homeland.

20. Brazilian Incentive & Tourism slaves first came to Brazil, their religions were banned closely fitted the image of each african deity The Afrobrazilian cults that subsequently evolved, bear http://www.bitourism.com/countryinfo/countryinfo_religion.asp

Pictures protected by Digimark Inc. HOME ARE YOU READY TO BOOK? TRAVEL AGENTS ABOUT US ... FAQ Produced by COUNTRY INFO - RELIGION AFRO-BRAZILIAN CULTS "UMBANDA" "CANDOMBLÉ" OTHER RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES Brazil is officially a Catholic country, boasting the largest Catholic population in the world. Religious freedom is written into the constitution and, whilst being nominally Catholic, the country has a wide diversity of religious followers, some happily combining one or more 'brands'. Indian animism was the original spiritual practice in Brazil. This was joined by the strict catholic practices of the first Portuguese settlers and their missionaries, who were intent on converting the 'uncivilised heathens' of the New World. The slaves brought over from the African continent also introduced their own religions, which although fiercely rejected and violently condemned, survived to become one of the strongest influences in Brazil today. Other mainline, global religions, such as Judaism and Islam, also have representative groups in Brazil and the major cities all have appropriate places of worship AFRO-BRAZILIAN CULTS

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