1. History Of The War In Bosnia Who We Are. Reconstruction. Medical Aid for. Kosovo. Cultural Reconstruction. in Kosovo. Education. Bosnia Documentary. Sarajevo '92. Kosovo History. bosnia history. Action. Action alerts. Press releases. Email notices in Kosovo drove the newly elected non-Communist governments of Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia to seek independence http://www.friendsofbosnia.org/edu_bos.html

Back to Education Directory Who We Are Reconstruction Medical Aid for ... Home Center for Balkan Development 2 CLOCK TOWER PLACE #290 MAYNARD, MA 01754 Tel: 978-461-0909 Fax: 978-461-2552 info@friendsofbosnia.org www.friendsofbosnia.org History of the war in Bosnia Written May, 1996 Historical Background The former Yugoslavia consisted of six republics and two autonomous regions. Today Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia are independent nations. Serbia and Montenegro comprise the rump Yugoslavia. Bosnia-Herzegovina (prewar population 4.4 million): Bosnia has the most complex mix of religious traditions among the former Yugoslav republics: 44% Bosniaks (Muslims), 31% Bosnian Serb (Eastern Orthodox), and 17% Bosnian Croat (Roman Catholics). Bosnias Muslims are Slavs who converted to Islam in the 14th and 15th centuries after the Ottoman Empire conquered the region. From World War I until the end of the Cold War, Bosnia was part of the newly created country of Yugoslavia. Bosnia declared independence in March 1992. Serbia (including Kosovo and Vojvodina) (prewar population 9,800,000): This republic is the largest and most populous. 66% are ethnic Serb of traditionally Eastern Orthodox religion. Until 1989, Serbia also had two œautonomous regions,” Kosovo and Vojvodina. Kosovo, bordering Albania, was the historic seat of a traditional Serbian kingdom and the site of the famous Battle of Kosovo in 1389, when the Serbs were conquered by Ottoman forces. Today Kosovos population is 90% ethnic Albanian, most of them Muslims. The Albanians are a pre-Slavic ethnic group speaking a distinct language unrelated to the various forms of Serbo-Croatian spoken throughout the former Yugoslavia.

2. History Of The War In Kosovo Who We Are. Reconstruction. Medical Aid for. Kosovo. Cultural Reconstruction. in Kosovo. Education. Bosnia Documentary. Sarajevo '92. Kosovo History. bosnia history. Action. Action alerts. Press releases. Email notices was one nation comprised of six republics Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia http://www.friendsofbosnia.org/edu_kos.html

Back to Education Directory Who We Are Reconstruction Medical Aid for ... Home Center for Balkan Development 2 CLOCK TOWER PLACE #290 MAYNARD, MA 01754 Tel: 978-461-0909 Fax: 978-461-2552 info@friendsofbosnia.org www.friendsofbosnia.org History of the war in Kosovo Written April, 1999 Historical Background The NATO air strikes against Yugoslavia beginning on March 24, 1999 did not occur in a vacuum but rather followed ten years of regional conflict and aggression inspired and orchestrated by Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic. Until 1991, Yugoslavia was one nation comprised of six republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia. Serbia was further divided into two autonomous regions; Kosovo and Vojvodina. Each republic and both autonomous provinces in Serbia had a seat on the federal presidency and had a considerable amount of autonomy in local affairs. With one notable exceptionBosniaeach of the republics roughly represents a distinct ethnic group. Today each of the republics of the former Yugoslavia use their own language, but they are all Slavic languages similar to Serbo-Croatian. (Click here to see information about each republic.)

3. Www.bosnet.org/bosnia/history/ bosnia history In 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina voted for independence, but the military (of Yugoslavia and mostly Serb) refused to recognize this move and began the siege of http://www.bosnet.org/bosnia/history/

4. Bosnia History in Eastern Bosnia 19921995, Safe Area Gorazde The War in Eastern Bosnia 1992-1995 Not only does he provide a history and time line of the conflict, but also http://www.dropbears.com/amazon/template_history/type_search/mode_books/keyword_

more search options Bosnia History Home History > Bosnia History Related Sections History Index Ancient History Maya Incas ... History A-Z Departments History Magazines Posters History Calendars History Software ... The Bone Woman : A Forensic Anthropologist's Search for Truth in the Mass Graves of Rwanda,Bosnia, Croatia, and Kosovo from Random House Price: Customer Review: The book seems to read as a journal that was written up into a book. The majority of the book follows the author's thoughts and observations over a few significant years in her life, in pretty much chronological order. To a reader who's not paying attention, the whole thing might seem like an "I was... more info Customer Rating: Click here for more information Buy from: United Kingdom The Bridge on the Drina (A Phoenix Book ; P746) from University of Chicago Press (Trd) Price: Customer Review: Although this book is fiction, it provides some excellent insights into the complexities of the problems and issues that are present in Bosnia-Hercegovina today. Having spent a year in Bosnia (dealing with both the BiH Federation and the Republika Srpska) as a peace keeper back in 1995-96, I... more info Customer Rating: Click here for more information Buy from: United Kingdom To End a War from Modern Library Price: Customer Review: In his book , "To End a War" Richard Holbrooke does an adequate job of giving insight as to the negotiations on the war in Bosnia. It helps to see the view of one who has spoken with and haggled with all major parties who settled the Bosnian "peace plan". Mr Holbrooke posessess a gret amount of...

5. Bosnia Travel Guide @ TravelNotes.org world. Bosnian History. bosnia history A brief history of Bosnia can be gleaned from Andras Riedlmayer, of Harvard University. The http://www.travelnotes.org/Europe/bosnia.htm

Travel Notes Europe Bosnia and Herzegovina Travel Guide Booking Engine Vacation Finder Flag of Bosnia. Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence from Yugoslavia in March 1992, and in April 1992 the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina was accepted by the United States and the European Community. Local Currency How much is your money worth abroad. Countries neighbouring Bosnia are: and Croatia Food Travel Fiction Health Kids Bios Humor Mags Software Gifts Tech Business Other News Headlines World News Directory of newspapers and news sources from around the world. This Week in Bosnia More like last month in Bosnia, but there are some moving articles and photographs here. About Bosnia The first inter-ethnic armed clashes had already taken place around Mostar, on February 4, 1992, and the European recognition of Bosnian independence only made matters worse. Bosnia became the centre of one of Europe's blackest memories in modern history as Serbs, Croats, and Muslims all fought to expand or keep their territories within Bosnia, and carve out their own states within a state. By mid-1995, the majority of the country's land area was held by Bosnian ethnic Serbs, who carried out atrocious ethnic cleansing programmes.

6. Documents Relating To The History And Contemporary Events Of The Balkan States ( CHRIS HEDGES, bosnia Journal Ethnic Diversity Distorts history, Art, Language, New York Times, November 25, 1997. Kosovo Information Center. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bosnia.htm

Documents on Bosnia History of the Conflict Old Serbian Tales: Marko and the Turks, c. 1450 The 1456 Siege of Belgrade, By Tom R. Kovach Professor Steven W. Sowards, "Twenty-Five Lectures on Modern Balkan History" Count Andrássy to Count Beust, 30 December 1875 (Communicated to the Earl of Derby by Count Beust, January 3), "Correspondence Respecting Affairs in Bosnia and Herzegovina." ... Croatian History Links Current Documents Timeline of the War in Bosnia, 1990-present Yahoo's Bosnia and Herzegovina Information Yahoo's World News: Bosnia and Herzegovina Andrew Bair, "Which End-Game in Bosnia?," ... Return to Vinnie's Home Page

7. Mostar Online - A Brief History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina Mostar Online http//www.bigfoot.com/~emer. A Brief history Of bosnia-Herzegovina. BY ANDRAS RIEDLMAYER, Harvard University. Area. 19 741 sq. mi. / 51 130 sq. than Switzerland). Picturesque mountain scenery (bosnia's capital Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/1935/history.html

Mostar Online - http://www.bigfoot.com/~emer A Brief History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina BY ANDRAS RIEDLMAYER, Harvard University Area 19,741 sq. mi. / 51,130 sq. km (about the size of West Virginia; 1/4 larger than Switzerland). Picturesque mountain scenery (Bosnia's capital Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics), much of it covered by forests; no oil. Bosnia's traditional borders, established in the medieval period, are: the Sava River (in the N), the Drina River (E/SE), and the Dinaric Alps (in the W). Herzegovina ("the Duchy") is the historical name for the country's southwestern region (around the town of Mostar). Located in the heart of Europe (as the crow flies, Sarajevo is closer to Rome than Milan is). Population Until the late 19th century, people of all three faiths identified themselves simply as Bosnians. Most Bosnians today are in fact highly secularized, and more than a third of all marriages in Bosnia since the 1950s have been between partners from different religious/ethnic backgrounds. While there were some villages in the countryside where one group or the other predominated, Bosnia's towns and cities have traditionally been the shared home of people from all ethnic and religious groups. The latter include Jews, who found a haven in the tolerant city of Sarajevo in 1492, following their expulsion from Spain. Unlike Jews in Venice and elsewhere in Europe, Sarajevo's Jews were not confined to a ghetto. The city's principal mosques, its synagogues and Christian churches are all located in close proximity to each other, a visible sign of the intermingled public and private lives of its ethnic and religious communities.

8. Information On History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina Information on history of bosniaHerzegovina. http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/history/history.html

Information on History of Bosnia-Herzegovina A Brief History of Bosnia-Herzegovina , by Andras Rieldmayer Short Review of History of Bosnia-Herzegovina (from Embassy of Bi-H in Washington D.C. Article on the Borders of Bosnia-Herzegovina Map of 17th-19th Century Borders Borders of the South Slavic Countries ... The Balkans since 1815 (from Bosnia page of the NY Times Bosna-Hersek ile Ilgili Arsiv Belgeleri (Archive Records On Bosnia-Herzegovina, in Turkish), 1516-1919 Balkan Booklist , compiled by Lasiewicz Foundation Books about Bosnia a nd Herzegovina and former Yugoslavia from Croatia and Bi-H Information Pages, Europe The New York Review of Books: America and Bosnia Genocide Clinton, the UN, and the Bosnian Disaster and The US and the Yugoslav Catastrophe (you might need to make search on NYRB site) Last update: December 27, 1997 Back to Bosnia homepage at Caltech

9. Bosnia: Can You Blame History? Out There News explores whether the civil war in bosnia really ended with the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995. Listen to victims of war crimes and to refugees forced to leave their homes in savage http://www.megastories.com/bosnia/history/history.htm

Can you blame history? It is tempting to say that Serbs, Croats and Muslims in Bosnia have been at war because of age-old ethnic hatreds. But it is not true. Picture postcard view, rabid politics: the Bosnian town of Mostar at the turn of the century. The three main groups in what used to be Yugoslavia have long histories - more than one thousand three hundred years for the Serbs and Croats, six hundred for the Muslims. But for most of that time there has been no war and little hatred. Hostility between the groups is modern, born of the same jingoistic nationalism throughout Europe that produced the First World War. There is even a strong argument that violence creates ethnic divisions, rather than the other way round. Violence and the fear of violence forces people to take sides. Children of mixed marriages and people for whom ethnic identity was never a big issue suddenly have to choose. Am I a Serb, in which case the armed men storming down the street outside will leave me alone, or am I a Muslim, in which case they will probably kill me?

10. Bosnia HomePage At Caltech Watch out for impersonators of this account, bosnia @ cco.caltech.edu, On the history of bosniaHerzegovina. Culture, academia and daily life http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/bosnia.html

Welcome to Bosnia Homepage Watch out for impersonators of this account, bosnia @ cco.caltech.edu, on Zamir-chat and other mailing lists, as well as at your personal mailbox. photo by Enric Marti, AP (see A Letter from Sarajevo) Brief history of the war Maps, status quo, factbook and ethnicity info Images of the tragedy ... YES, you CAN help! You can reach many other sites and documents on Bosnia through our information resources list Last site-wide revision: June 4, 1997 There have been many additions since last site-wide revision. Initiated by Ayhan Irfanoglu and Ahmet Kirac in December 1994. You can send your comments and related site information to bosnia @ caltech.edu Unfortunately, we are not able to reply to personal inquiries. Peace be with you. We would like to note that bosnia @ cco.caltech.edu account has never been used in any Relay, Chat, or Discussion Group postings. Any such letter seemingly originated from this account is a fraud. Please verify with us, at bosnia @ caltech.edu, if you receive any suspicious mail. Thank you.

11. Bosnia And Herzegovina World. United States. history Gov't. Biography. Sports. Arts Ent Hungary was given a mandate to occupy and govern bosnia and Herzegovina, in an effort by Europe to ensure that http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107349.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Bosnia and Herzegovina Infoplease Atlas: Bosnia and Herzegovina The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency, Chairman of the (rotating): Sulejman Tihic (2004) Prime Minister: Adnan Terzic (2002) Area: 19,741 sq mi (51,129 sq km) Population (2004 est.): 4,007,608 (all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing) (growth rate: 0.5%); birth rate: 12.6/1000; infant mortality rate: 21.9/1000; life expectancy: 72.6; density per sq mi: 203 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Sarajevo, 581,500 (unofficial) Other large cities: Banja Luka, 189,700; Tuzla 119,200; Mostar, 90,800 Monetary unit: Marka Language: The language that used to be known as Serbo-Croatian but is now known as Serbian, Croatian, or Bosnian, depending on the speaker's ethnic and political affiliation. It is written in Latin and Cyrillic Ethnicity/race: Serb 37.1%, Bosniak 48%, Croat 14.3%, other 0.5% (2000)

12. World History Archives: History Of Bosnia-Herzegovina history of bosniaHerzegovina. Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in the World history Archives and does http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/62/index-j.html

History of Bosnia-Herzegovina Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in the World History Archives History of Europe as a whole Political and general history Bosnia Press Statement From North Atlantic Council Secretary General, following the North Atlantic Council Meeting of 25 July 1995. There is less than a year left: Arrest Now! cultural and religious history Information on Cultural Destruction in Bosnia-Herzegovina By Andras Riedlmayer and compiled by the Council of Europe, 9 February 1995.

13. The Bosnian Manuscript Ingathering Project: Brief History A Brief history of bosniaHerzegovina. by Andras Riedlmayer, Harvard University than Switzerland). Picturesque mountain scenery (bosnia's capital Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter http://www.kakarigi.net/manu/briefhis.htm

A Brief History of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Andras Riedlmayer, Harvard University Area 19,741 sq. mi. / 51,130 sq. km (about the size of West Virginia; 1/4 larger than Switzerland). Picturesque mountain scenery (Bosnia's capital Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics), much of it covered by forests; some coal and minerals, no oil. Bosnia's traditional borders, established in the medieval period, are: the Sava River (in the N), the Drina River (E/SE), and the Dinaric Alps (in the W). Herzegovina ("the Duchy") is the historical name for the country's southwestern region (around the town of Mostar). Located in the heart of Europe (as the crow flies, Sarajevo is closer to Rome than Milan is). Population Until the late 19th century, people of all three faiths identified themselves simply as Bosnians. Most Bosnians today are in fact highly secularized, and about a third of all urban marriages in Bosnia in recent decades have been between partners from different religious/ethnic backgrounds. While there were some villages in the countryside where one group or the other predominated, Bosnia's towns and cities have traditionally been the shared home of people from all ethnic and religious groups. The latter include Jews, who found a haven in the tolerant city of Sarajevo in 1492, following their expulsion from Spain. Unlike Jews in Venice and elsewhere in Europe, Sarajevo's Jews were not confined to a ghetto. The city's principal mosques, its synagogues and Christian churches are all located in close proximity to each other, a visible sign of the intermingled public and private lives of its ethnic and religious communities.

14. Bosnia: Origins Of The Warring Groups Origins of bosnia s ethnic groups. Serbs, Croats, Muslims. The Orthdox Christian Serbs spent 500 years as a subject people of the Muslim Ottoman Empire. http://www.megastories.com/bosnia/history/origins.htm

Origins of Bosnia's ethnic groups Serbs Croats Muslims The Orthdox Christian Serbs spent 500 years as a subject people of the Muslim Ottoman Empire. They responded by cultivating a fierce nationalism and an image of themselves as heroic victims struggling against overwhelming odds. The nationalists won independence in the 19th century but went on to fight their neighbours for more territory in the 20th and helped to spark the First World War.... The Roman Catholic Croats spent 800 years, until the end of the First World War, as part of successive Hungarian and Austro-Hungarian kingdoms and empires. The nationalism they developed during the 19th century caused disaster in the 20th when extremists established a fascist state under Nazi German occupation during the Second World War and massacred hundreds of thousands of Serbs... The Muslims of Bosnia are descended from Serbs and Croats who converted to Islam during the 500 years that Bosnia was part of the Ottoman Empire. Since that Empire collapsed at the end of the First World War, the Muslims have tried to steer a course between the competing nationalisms of the Serbs and the Croats among whom they live...

15. WWW-VL History Index: Bosnia & Herzegovina WWWVL history Index site providing links for bosnia and Herzegovina history, including warcrime trials, and more general Balkan related history. WWW-VL history bosnia HERZEGOVINA. Click here http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/europe/bosnia.html

16. The Bosnian Manuscript Ingathering Project: Brief History A Brief history of bosniaHerzegovina. by Andras Riedlmayer, Harvard University Area. 19,741 sq. mi. / 51,130 sq. km (about the size http://www.applicom.com/manu/briefhis.htm

A Brief History of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Andras Riedlmayer, Harvard University Area 19,741 sq. mi. / 51,130 sq. km (about the size of West Virginia; 1/4 larger than Switzerland). Picturesque mountain scenery (Bosnia's capital Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics), much of it covered by forests; some coal and minerals, no oil. Bosnia's traditional borders, established in the medieval period, are: the Sava River (in the N), the Drina River (E/SE), and the Dinaric Alps (in the W). Herzegovina ("the Duchy") is the historical name for the country's southwestern region (around the town of Mostar). Located in the heart of Europe (as the crow flies, Sarajevo is closer to Rome than Milan is). Population Until the late 19th century, people of all three faiths identified themselves simply as Bosnians. Most Bosnians today are in fact highly secularized, and about a third of all urban marriages in Bosnia in recent decades have been between partners from different religious/ethnic backgrounds. While there were some villages in the countryside where one group or the other predominated, Bosnia's towns and cities have traditionally been the shared home of people from all ethnic and religious groups. The latter include Jews, who found a haven in the tolerant city of Sarajevo in 1492, following their expulsion from Spain. Unlike Jews in Venice and elsewhere in Europe, Sarajevo's Jews were not confined to a ghetto. The city's principal mosques, its synagogues and Christian churches are all located in close proximity to each other, a visible sign of the intermingled public and private lives of its ethnic and religious communities.

17. The Bosnian Manuscript Ingathering Project: Vijecnica and successfully targeted national libraries, museums and archives, in the process wiping out nearly the entire written record of bosnia s history. http://www.applicom.com/manu/vijecnic.htm

Views of the National Library... "All over the city sheets of burned paper, fragile pages of gray ashes, floated down like a dirty black snow. Catching a page you could feel its heat, and for a moment read a fragment of text in a strange kind of black and gray negative, until, as the heat dissipated, the page melted to dust in your hand." (Dr. Kemal Bakarsic, librarian of Bosnia's National Museum, describing the burning of the National and University Library, 25-27 August 1992). Beginning in April 1992, Serbian nationalist attacks on Bosnian cities and towns deliberately and successfully targeted national libraries, museums and archives, in the process wiping out nearly the entire written record of Bosnia's history. Among the losses is Bosnia's National Library in Sarajevo, which also contained the university's holdings and the country's national archive of newspapers and periodicals. Prior to its destruction, the National Library held over 1.5 million volumes, including 155,000 manuscripts and rare books. It was bombarded for three days with incendiary grenades on August 25-27, 1992, and was reduced to ashes. The National Library was housed in the old town hall known as Vijecnica, a graceful Moorish revival building constructed in the heart of the city during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and inaugurated in 1896. In a Reuter report dated August 26, 1992, at the time the building was burning, Kurt Schork wrote: ``Its mix of imposing masonry and architectural frivolity captured the city's pre-war personality.''

18. Bosnia For Beginners Information on major cities, both entities and the culture, history and geography of the nation. http://www.bosnie-herzegovina.net/index_e.htm

Nederlandse versie Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosna i Hercegovina Welcome to Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the last years, this country is only named in relation to war and misery, but not many people know that this country in fact has a lot more to offer. That's why this page has been set up to show this to the traveller, hoping that it will be a good reason tot visit this old country, but young state. Sitemap for this page On this page you will find many links. Some extra informative ones are listed here below, other links can be found inside this document Geography and Climate The Country - The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ... bosnie.pagina.nl Starting page for Bosnia-Herzegovina containing lots of links about several subjects bosnie-geschiedenis.pagina.nl Starting page about the history of Bosnia-Herzegovina with lots of links bosnie-overheid.pagina.nl Starting page with links to site abouot gouvernment, authorities and politics bosnie-plaatsen.pagina.nl Starting page with links to villages and cities throughout Bosnia-Herzegovina bosnie-reizen.pagina.nl

19. WWW-VL History Index: Bosnia And Herzegovina - Sarajevo, Bosna; Mostar, Hercegov WWWVL history Index site providing links for bosnia and Herzegovina history, including warcrime trials, and more general Balkan related history. http://vlib.iue.it/history/europe/Bosnia/

Click here for The WWW-VL: History Central Catalogue The WWW-VL: History: W3 Search Engines. Research Tools Geography Maps Bosnian Map Page Bosnia and Herzegovina Relief Bosnia and Herzegovina Political Bosnia: Ethnic Majorities ... Ethnic Majority Areas in Bosnia-Herzegovina , from CalTech Military terrain 1996 Sarajevo and Vicinity Gazetteers Location of Cities and Towns Language Languages of Bosnia-Herzegovina , from Ethnologue English-Serbo-Croatian-English Dictionary German-Serbian-German Dictionary Nederlands-Servocroatisch woordenboek (Srpskohrvatsko-Holandski recnik) Serbian and Croatian Language Resources , from U. Massachusetts Radio-Locator [for Bosnian Stations on-line] Reference World FactBook World Travel Guide Background Notes , from the US Department of State Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina Political Parties and Organizations Election Reports , from the OSCE Bibliography and Internet Gateways Search Engine , from Colossus Bosnia - Internet Resources Materials US State Department. Materials on Bosnia-Herzgovina

20. MapZones.com History bosnia and Herzegovina, history, Back to Top. The three main ethnic groups in presentday bosnia and Herzegovina are bosniak, Serb, and http://www.mapzones.com/world/europe/bosnia_hercegovina/historyindex.php

Country Info Bosnia Introduction Bosnia General Data Bosnia Maps Bosnia Culture ... Bosnia Time and Date Bosnia and Herzegovina History Back to Top The three main ethnic groups in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina are Bosniak, Serb, and Croat, and languages are Bosnian, Serbian, and Croatian (formerly "Serbo-Croatian"). Nationalities are Bosniak (Muslim), Bosnian Serb, and Bosnian Croat. Religions include Muslim, Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and some others. For the first centuries of the Christian era, Bosnia was part of the Roman Empire. After the fall of Rome, Bosnia was contested by Byzantium and Rome's successors in the west. Slavs settled the region in the 7th century, and the kingdoms of Serbia and Croatia split control of Bosnia in the 9th century. The 11th and 12th centuries saw the rule of the region by the kingdom of Hungary. The medieval kingdom of Bosnia gained its independence around 1200 A.D. Bosnia remained independent until 1463, when Ottoman Turks conquered the region. During Ottoman rule, many Bosnians converted from Christianity in favor of Islam. Bosnia was under Ottoman rule until 1878, when it was given to Austria-Hungary as a colony. While those living in Bosnia came under rule by the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, South Slavs in Serbia and elsewhere were calling for a South Slav state. World War I began when Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo. Following the Great War, Bosnia became part of the South Slav state of Yugoslavia, only to be given to Nazi-puppet Croatia in World War II. During this period, many atrocities were committed against Jews, Serbs, and others who resisted the occupation. The Cold War saw the establishment of the Communist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Josip Broz Tito, and the reestablishment of Bosnia as a republic with its medieval borders within the federation of Yugoslavia.

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