101. Black Holes And Quasars black holes and Quasars by David R Lisk black holes. A Black Hole can be described as a region in space where a high degree of compression has occured. http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/dnetGOjg/Black/Holes.htm

Black Holes and Quasars by David R Lisk This site provides an introduction to studying the formation of Black Holes and Quasars. It examines the terms used, principles involved and the main mathematics and formulas utilizied. It also provides a guide to locating and observing Black Holes with photographs and sky maps being availible. Using the Computer Space Observatory ©, one can view a Quasars X-ray output some 10,000 million light years away from earth. Black Holes A Black Hole can be described as a region in space where a high degree of compression has occured. This region of compression may have been caused by the collapse of a star or it has been suggested in the case of smaller Black Holes as a result of the collapsing of highly compressed regions in the primordial dense medium existing after the big bang. These bodies have collasped catastrophically under their own gravity. Creation of a Black Hole During a stars lifetime nuclear reactions inside the star convert hydrogen into helium giving a release of energy. Gradually a star runs out of its hydrogen fuel. Depending on the mass of the star it may evolve in a number of ways. At less than twice the mass of our sun when the fuel is finished heat will be lost, contraction will take place and a stable state into a white dwarf will occur. Chandrasekhar limit Chandrasekhar in 1928 calculated the limit whereby a cold star cannot maintain its balance in terms of a constant radius, between its gravity and the "exclusion principle" which makes the star want to expand.

102. Untitled black holes, wormholes, time dilation factor, gravity, graphs and equations. http://themaclellans.com/timetravel.html

Space-Time Physics and the Future of Time Travel By Alex MacLellan Human beings have always tried to explain the world around them. They have worked to organize it, to measure it, and to understand it. These efforts at understanding such basic concepts as space and time and light have led to many discoveries. In the last one hundred years many changes have been made to how we understand these concepts. You may not be able to move as quickly and easily through time as the hero of H.G. Well's Time Machine, but scientists have been able to understand how certain variables can affect time - to slow it down and speed it up - leading them to believe that it is possible that time travel may become possible. Before looking at time travel, an understanding of the terms and history are required. Space, time, and light have been studied and the definitions have evolved as research has advanced. Looking at these concepts as they have been explained through history will help us understand what may be possible in the future. Portrait of Euclid Over history many people have come up with many different views about what time is and what space is, and how to understand them. Space was defined be Euclid, a Greek mathematician. He was the creator of geometry in 295 B.C.

103. Black Hole. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 3. It is now believed that the origin of some black holes is nonstellar. A small number of possible black holes have been detected. http://www.bartleby.com/65/bl/blackhol.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. black hole in astronomy, celestial object of such extremely intense gravity that it attracts everything near it and in some instances prevents everything, including light, from escaping. The term was first used in reference to a star in the last phases of gravitational collapse (the final stage in the life history of certain stars; see

104. GRAVITATIONAL / UNIVERSAL ENGINEERING Scientific and mathematical modeling of physics including, gravity, space, antigravity, dark matter, solution to the n-body problem, expansion rate of the universe and black holes, which suggests the development of field propulsion for advanced space flight. http://www.gravitational-engineering.com/

GRAVITATIONAL / UNIVERSAL ENGINEERING Gravitational / Universal Engineering creates practical models which can be applied to solve real problems including: gravity, anti-gravity effects, dark matter, n-body problems, expansion of the Universe... A) QUANTITATIVE MODELING comments/feedback Contraction of Space as the Mechanism for Universal Gravitation Pseudo Force of Gravity, Acceleration due to Gravity Redefined, Independent Derivation of Universal Gravitation , Revised Laws of Motion, Natural Dynamic of Space 2. Gravity Modeled as Dynamic Geometry Eliminates Need for Dark Matter Redefining Space, Reduction of Space by Mass, Acceleration of a 1, 2 and 3 Body System, Missing Mass of the Universe, Cumulative Effects of Gravity, Special Case of Linear 3-Body Problem Final Solution to N-Body Problem using Dynamic Geometry Complete Solution to the n-body problem. No approximations, No pseudo Forces, No excessive computations. Exact linear equations including; relative positions for any time interval ( time sequencing unnecessary), adding: absolute positions, and effect of initial velocities *

105. Black Holes And Event Horizons - Ghosts Of Stars black holes Guide Resources dealing with black holes, singularities, and event horizons. Includes images, articles, web links and more black holes information. http://space.about.com/cs/blackholes/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Space / Astronomy Home ... Featured Astronomy Image of the Week zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Multimedia Resources News - Current Events Stars Planets Galaxies Education - Astronomy/Space ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Space / Astronomy newsletter. Search Space / Astronomy Blackholes and Event Horizons Guide picks Submit Your Site Black Holes Guide Resources dealing with black holes, singularities, and event horizons. Includes images, articles, web links and more black holes information. Lots of great resources on black holes, the ghosts of stars, with more added weekly. Top Fictional Black Hole Movies What are Black Holes - where do Black Holes come from and how do stars fit in? Find the answers to these and other questions in the top ten Black Hole books. Top 10 Nonfiction Black Hole Books The idea of black holes was first theorized in the late eighteenth century. Black holes are still just a theory, but a very good theory. Now that astronomers have acquired evidence that theoretical white dwarfs and neutron stars really exist, the case for black holes has been strengthened. Discover more about these fascinating theoretical phenomena. Black Hole Images Images of black holes provided by the Hubble Space Telescope.

106. Black Holes - Hubble Space Telescope Images Of Black Holes black holes. Hubble Space Telescope Images. black holes Hubble Space Telescope Images of black holes, Hubble Uncovers Dust Disk around a Massive Black Hole http://space.about.com/library/weekly/bliblackholesa.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Space / Astronomy Home ... Featured Astronomy Image of the Week zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Multimedia Resources News - Current Events Stars Planets Galaxies Education - Astronomy/Space ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Space / Astronomy newsletter. Search Space / Astronomy Black Holes Hubble Space Telescope Images Hubble Provides Multiple Views of How to Feed a Black Hole Astronomers have obtained an unprecedented look at the nearest example of galactic cannibalism — a massive black hole hidden at the center of a nearby giant galaxy that is feeding on a smaller galaxy in a spectacular collision. Such fireworks were common in the early universe, as galaxies formed and evolved, but are rare today. The Hubble telescope offers a stunning unprecedented close-up view of a turbulent firestorm of star birth along a nearly edge-on dust disk girdling Centaurus A, the nearest active galaxy to Earth. The picture at upper left shows the entire galaxy. The blue outline represents Hubble's field of view. The larger, central picture is Hubble's close-up view of the galaxy. Brilliant clusters of young blue stars lie along the edge of the dark dust lane. Outside the rift the sky is filled with the soft hazy glow of the galaxy's much older resident population of red giant and red dwarf stars. Hubble Uncovers Dust Disk around a Massive Black Hole

107. A Short Course On General Relativity A graduate level course which includes weak field theory, gravitational waves, radiation damping, cosmology, the Friedmann and Lemaitre dusts, singularities, black holes, the Schwarzschild metric and Kruskal's extension of it. This is a single postscript document. http://www.ucolick.org/~burke/class/grclass.ps

108. NCSA/LCA-Potsdam-WashU International Numerical Relativity Group Home Page Our group uses supercomputers to study black holes, gravitational waves, and other phenomena predicted by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. http://jean-luc.ncsa.uiuc.edu/

Potsdam/Germany Mirror ] [Champaign/US Mirror] NCSA/LCA Potsdam WashU International Numerical Relativity Group Computing Resources for the AEI Numerical Relativity Group Welcome People Papers Projects Movies Exhibits Codes Our international group uses supercomputers to study black holes, gravitational waves, and other phenomena predicted by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. Our WWW servers are an integral part of our research efforts. Our group is the result of a close collaboration between members of the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics at the National Center for Supercomupting Applications in Champaign-Urbana Illinois, the Washington University Relativity Group in St. Louis Missouri, and the in Potsdam, Germany. Here you can find information on group projects, members, publications, collaborations, and much, much more. Enjoy our Server! Keywords for this server : Numerical Relativity, General Relativity, Einstein, Astrophysics, Black Holes, Gravitational Waves, Relativistic Hydrodynamics, Neutron Stars, Hyperbolic and Elliptic PDEs, Parallel Computing, Scientific Visualization. Search Astronomylinks for links: provided by astronomylinks.com

109. Black Hole Recipe: Slow Light, Swirl Atoms: Science News Online, Feb. 5, 2000 Whirling clouds of atoms may swallow light the way black holes do, possibly giving scientists a way to test the general theory of relativity in the lab, not http://www.sciencenews.org/20000205/fob4.asp

Math Trek A Minimal Winter's Tale Food for Thought Sickening Food Science Safari Beams of Our Lives TimeLine 70 Years Ago in Science News Week of Feb. 5, 2000; Vol. 157, No. 6 , p. 86 Black hole recipe: Slow light, swirl atoms Peter Weiss Physicists may soon create artificial black holes in the laboratory, analogous to the ones expected to lurk in distant space. A new study by a pair of theorists in Sweden describes how swirling clouds of atoms could slug down all nearby light, making them as black as their astronomical cousins. Computer-generated plot shows paths of light rays sucked into an optical black hole. Leonhardt and Piwnicki/ Physical Review A Called optical black holes, these eddies could provide an extraordinary test-bench for the theory of general relativity, which gave rise to the concept of gravitational black holes, the researchers say. Ulf Leonhardt and Paul Piwnicki of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm find that the same mathematics describes both the terrible tug of an astronomical black hole on light and the gentle corralling of rays by an atom vortex. "We were quite surprised that it worked that well," Piwnicki says. "We're still working on it to understand it more deeply," he adds. The researchers report their findings in the Jan. 31

110. John Kormendy: Search For Supermassive Black Holes In Galaxy Nuclei Supermassive black holes in Galactic Nuclei. Black holes. Probably, the reason is that bigger galaxies have more fuel to feed black holes. http://chandra.as.utexas.edu/~kormendy/bhsearch.html

Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei Black holes with masses of a million to a few billion times the mass of the Sun are believed to be the engines that power nuclear activity in galaxies. Active nuclei range from faint, compact radio sources like that in M31 to quasars like 3C 273 that are brighter than the whole galaxy in which they live. Some nuclei fire jets of energetic particles millions of light years into space. Almost all astronomers believe that this enormous outpouring of energy comes from the death throes of stars and gas that are falling into the central black hole. This is a very successful explanation of the observations, but until recently, it was seriously incomplete: we had no direct evidence that supermassive black holes exist. For the past twenty years, astronomers have looked for supermassive black holes by measuring rotation and random velocities of stars and gas near galactic centers. If the velocities are large enough, as in the Sombrero Galaxy , then they imply more mass than we see in stars. The most probable explanation is a black hole. About 37 have been found as of 2001 March. Their masses are in the range expected for nuclear engines, and their numbes are consistent with predictions based on the energy output of quasars. 2003 June census of supermassive black hole mass measurements (postscript) from my review paper at the Carnegie Symposium on "Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies"

111. X-ray Data Reveal Black Holes Galore: Science News Online, Jan. 15, 2000 Chandra has identified the origin of highenergy X-ray background and found that galactic black holes are far more numerous than visible-light surveys indicate. http://sciencenews.org/20000115/fob1.asp

Math Trek Algebra, Philosophy, and Fun Food for Thought Sickening Food Science Safari Eclipse Patrol TimeLine 70 Years Ago in Science News Week of Jan. 15, 2000; Vol. 157, No. 3 , p. 36 X-ray Data Reveal Black Holes Galore Ron Cowen Viewed in visible light, the sky appears as a dark expanse, adorned with the twinkling lights of faraway stars. But with an X-ray telescope, the sky seems uniformly bright, bathed in a diffuse glow. For 37 years, astronomers have struggled to find the multitude of pointlike sources that combine to produce this impressionistic glow, known as the X-ray background. Although they have made progress, the limited ability of telescopes to detect X rays in fine detail has hampered their efforts. Patch of sky imaged by the Keck Telescope in visible light (black dots and disks) and by the Chandra observatory at X-ray wavelengths (numbered circles). Mushotzky, Cowie, Arnaud, Barger Using the orbiting Chandra X-Ray Observatory, a sensitive telescope launched last July (SN: 9/4/99, p. 148), researchers now report that they've pinned down the origin of the background at energies where it had remained most elusive—above 2,000 electronvolts. The results suggest that supermassive black holes lurking at the cores of galaxies are far more common than visible-light observations have revealed. An intriguing, but much less certain, possibility is that some of the X-ray-bright objects are the signposts of the earliest galaxies to assemble in the universe.

112. Explore - The Lab - Australian Broadcasting Corporation S Gateway black holes. The black holes explore topic brings together ABC news, transcripts, features and forums. It is regularly updated. Latest News, http://www.abc.net.au/science/explore/black_holes/

113. Time Travel - A Discussion Hyperspace, spacetime continuum, black holes, wormholes, parallel universes, quarks, tachyons, quantum and super string theories. http://www.cix.co.uk/~antcom/

"Time is nature's way to keep everything from happening all at once" Prof. John Wheeler - Princeton University This site last updated 7th December 2002 The Links and Replies pages updated * * GUEST BOOK ADDED * * To this site there have been accesses since January 1997 Accesses from unique IP addresses are now 1000-1200 per month One of man's fantasies is to be able to travel through time. Maybe to visit a famous event such as a battle. Imagine gazing down over the fields of England and seeing the arrow that struck King Harold in 1066. Or to see the Great Exhibition of 1851. Imagine walking down the central aisle of this amazing glasshouse and seeing firsthand the latest works of art and science from around the world. Or to solve a mystery. Imagine watching the visit of President Kennedy to Dallas in November 1963 to see if anybody was on the grassy knoll. Or to travel back to a time where the countryside is unspoilt by the hand of man. Imagine walking on a sunny summers day through a meadow full of wild flowers down to a bubbling clear water stream. Or to travel to the future.

114. Black Holes The Ultimate Abyss They lurk on the other side of their own dark horizons, and we call them black holes. . Are black holes a way of jumping from one Universe to another? http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/blackholes/story.htm

115. Black Holes Fact And Fiction black holes Fact and Fiction. Saturday, February 6, 1999. Coordinators O. Blaes. 930 am, Kip Thorne (Caltech), black holes Predicted Properties and Behaviors. http://www.itp.ucsb.edu/online/bh_teach/

116. ThinkQuest : Library : Black Holes: Portals Into The Unknown Portals into the Unknown. http://library.thinkquest.org/10148/

Index Astronomy Black Holes: Portals into the Unknown Imagine a giant vacuum cleaner in outer space with so much energy it sucks everything around into it. That's a black hole. And there are many different kinds out there. You can find out how they're detected, how they act, what they might look like, and what happens to the matter that enters them. For some computer fun, download a black hole game or quiz. Visit Site 1997 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Benjamin Quibbletown Middle School, Piscataway, NJ, United States Robert S. Quibbletown Middle School, Piscataway, NJ, United States Lee Rutgers Preparatory School, Somerset, NJ, United States Coaches John Quibbletown Middle School, Piscataway, NJ, United States John Quibbletown Middle School, Piscataway, NJ, United States Angelo Rutgers Preparatory School, Somerset, NJ, United States Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site.

117. Amanda Peet's Official Home Page Assistant professor at the University of Toronto, interests include highenergy theoretical physics, string theory, quantum gravity and black holes. http://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~peet/home/

Amanda Peet's official home page June 1, 2004. This page is temporarily black, empty of my own stuff, as a mark of respect for Professor Bryan Statt. He was well-loved by many in this Department, including me, and he will be sorely missed. Rest In Peace, Bryan. Access to my home page can be found here This Site is maintained by Amanda Peet. Last updated 01-jun-2004. [

118. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Black Holes On Collision Course For the first time two supermassive black holes have been seen at the heart of one galaxy. Much to our surprise, we found that both were active black holes. . http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2493331.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Science/Nature News Front Page World UK ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to World Tuesday, 19 November, 2002, 18:03 GMT Black holes on collision course Two black holes shine brightly in X-rays By Dr David Whitehouse BBC News Online science editor For the first time scientists have seen two supermassive black holes existing together at the core of the same galaxy. The black holes are orbiting each other and will collide and merge to create an even larger black hole - resulting in a catastrophic event that will unleash intense radiation and gravitational waves. However, this will not happen for several hundred million years. The observations were made by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. They show the nucleus of an extraordinarily bright galaxy, known as NGC 6240, contains two giant black holes, both taking material from their surroundings. This discovery shows that massive black holes can grow through mergers in the centres of galaxies. Cosmic fingerprints "The breakthrough came with Chandra's ability to clearly distinguish the two nuclei, and measure the details of the X-radiation from each nucleus," says Guenther Hasinger, of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany.

119. BBC News | SCI/TECH | Black Hole Brightens At Galactic Core Internet links The centre of our Galaxy. Nature. black holes. Chandra observatory. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1526000/1526724.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Sci/Tech Front Page World UK ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Thursday, 6 September, 2001, 06:00 GMT 07:00 UK Black hole brightens at galactic core Simulation of matter and light swirling around a super-massive black hole By BBC News Online science editor Dr David Whitehouse A sudden increase in brightness from a cloud of very hot gas near the heart of the Milky Way seems to confirm the idea that a super-massive black hole exists at the galactic core. Most astronomers believe that such an object does indeed reside there, but the evidence so far, based on the motions of nearby stars, has not been conclusive. Now, new observations of the core have detected a flare of X-ray energy that dimmed and brightened in just 10 minutes. The duration, combined with the earlier evidence, allows astronomers to calculate a mass and a size for their suspected black hole. They come out with a mass more than two million times that of our Sun, contained in a region of space just 150 million kilometres (93 million miles) across. A black hole is the only explanation for such figures, the scientists say.

120. Index Miscellaneous topics as black holes, space exploration. http://www.geocities.com/sinava

ASTRONOMY INFORMATION CENTER By: Simon Nava You need Java to see this applet. Click here to ask me a question SEND ME AN EMAIL CONTACT ME Welcome to the Astronomy world!!!!!!!!! Come and join this wonderful web site! You will like it!!!!!!! Email if you have Astronomy Questions Click Enter to join the Astronomy world! * Learn About space * See wonderful pictures * Join our chatroom * Join our club!!!!

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