1. FAOAG21MagazineSpotlightCrop Science And Ethics AGP Plant production/protection. AGS agric. support systems Crop science and ethics. by Louise O Genetically modified organisms. Ultimately, biotechnology will allow a more precise http://www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0010sp1.htm

2. NCSU PP590a: Reading Material 1991. agricultural biotechnology Issues and Choices. Purdue University agric. Exp. Sta Blatz, C. 1991. ethics and agriculture. An Anthology on Current Issues in World Context http://www.cals.ncsu.edu:8050/course/pp530/read_reserve.html

Reserve List - Books Located in DH Hill Library Aiken, W. and H. Lafolette. 1996. World Hunger and Morality, Prentice Hall Inc., N J. Altieri, M. A. 1995. Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture. WestView Press, Boulder, CO. Avery, D. 1995. Saving the Planet with Pesticides and Plastic: The Environmental Triump of High Yield Farming. Hudson Institute, Indianapolis. Barker, R. 1997. And the Waters Turned to Blood. Simon and Schuster, New York. Baumgardt, B. R., and Martin, M. A. 1991. Agricultural Biotechnology: Issues and Choices. Purdue University Agric. Exp. Sta., West Layfayette, ID. Bell, C. H., Price, N., and Chakrabarti, B. 1996. The Methyl Bromide issue. John Wiley and Sons, NY. Blatz, C. 1991. Ethics and Agriculture. An Anthology on Current Issues in World Context. Univ. of Idaho Press, Moscow. Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting our Biological Resources. National Academy of Sciences.p 125-138. Callicott, J. B. 1989. In Defense of the Land Ethic. State University of New York Press. Gendel, S. and Kline, D. 1990. Agricultural Bioethics:Implications of Agricultural Biotechnology, Iowa State University Press, Ames.

3. Current Issues In Bioethics, Biotechnology And Intellectual Property Law The Science of biotechnology and Genetics Rights * ethics of Human Cloning, Reproduction and Stem Cell Research Research, and Forestry of the House Comm. on agric., 104th Cong http://www.intelliwareint.com/CURRENT ISSUES.htm

CURRENT ISSUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIOETHICS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW The Science of Biotechnology and Genetics Agriculture Concerns Biosafety and Environmental Concerns ... First, The Science - What is Biotechnology and Genetics? Genetic Engineering is the heritable, directed alteration of an organism. A heritable alteration is a change that can be carried from one generation to the next. Genetic engineering is performed by modifying an organism's own DNA or introducing new DNA to perform desired functions. Biotechnology is a broader term than genetic engineering and includes non-genetic techniques to modify organisms. Genetic engineering is the most powerful and least understood tool for biotechnology.. Many of the same principles used in genetic engineering are involved in biotechnology Genetic Engineering involves DNA modifications. DNA is the genetic material in all known forms of life. DNA contains genes (just as a recipe book contains recipes) that give us many of our physical characteristics. However, we are not simply gene-based machines - the environment we are in also determines our traits. One of the challenges of genetic engineering is to determine how genes influence our traits and how to modify DNA to alter these traits. Genes affecting disorders such as alcoholism provide only a predisposition. Having the gene for alcoholism may make one more prone to alcoholism but does not guarantee that one will become alcoholic, nor does not having the gene mean one is immune.

4. Intelliware International – Information About Business Law, Biotechnology Law A Current Issues in biotechnology, Bioethics and Intellectual Property Law ethics of Human Cloning, Reproduction and Stem Cell research of the House Comm. on agric., 104th Cong http://www.intelliwareint.com/Info1d.html

Biotechnology Law and Related Issues Current Issues in Biotechnology, Bioethics and Intellectual Property Law The Science of Biotechnology and Genetics Agriculture Concerns Biosafety and Environmental Concerns Animal Rights ... Bio-Terrorism First, The Science - What is Biotechnology and Genetics? Genetic Engineering is the heritable, directed alteration of an organism. A heritable alteration is a change that can be carried from one generation to the next. Genetic engineering is performed by modifying an organism's own DNA or introducing new DNA to perform desired functions. Biotechnology is a broader term than genetic engineering and includes non-genetic techniques to modify organisms. Genetic engineering is the most powerful and least understood tool for biotechnology. Many of the same principles used in genetic engineering are involved in biotechnology. Genetic Engineering involves DNA modifications. DNA is the genetic material in all known forms of life. DNA contains genes (just as a recipe book contains recipes) that give us many of our physical characteristics. However, we are not simply gene-based machines - the environment we are in also determines our traits. One of the challenges of genetic engineering is to determine how genes influence our traits and how to modify DNA to alter these traits. Genes affecting disorders such as alcoholism provide only a predisposition. Having the gene for alcoholism may make one more prone to alcoholism but does not guarantee that one will become alcoholic, nor does not having the gene mean one is immune.

5. Biotechnology Patenting Issues Descriptors biotechnology; gatt-; patents-; property-; legal-rights; intellectual-property-rights. Comstock,G. J-agric-Environ-ethics v.4(2) p.101-107. http://www.nal.usda.gov/bic/Biblios/patentag.htm

ISSN: 1052-5378 Biotechnology: Patenting Issues January 1990-July 1996 Quick Bibliography Series no. QB 96-09 (Updates QB 93-20) 134 Citations from the AGRICOLA Database September 1996 Compiled By: Raymond Dobert Biotechnology Information Center National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Dobert, Raymond Biotechnology: patenting issues: January 1990-July 1996. (Quick bibliography series; 96-09) 1. BiotechnologyPatentsBibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.96-09 To: The Search Strategy The Author Index The Subject Index Citation ( SEARCH STRATEGY SET ITEMS DESCRIPTION BIOTECH* or BIOENGINEER* or TRANSGEN* or (RECOMBINANT near1 DNA) or (GENETIC* near1 ENGINEER*) (("IN" near1 VITRO) or TISSUE) near1 CULTURE* (GENE or GENES or GENETIC* or CHROMOSOM*) near3 (MANIPULAT* or TRANSF* or ALTER* or CHANG* or INSERT* or MODIF* or RECOMBIN* or ENGINEER*) S1 or S2 or S3 PATENT* or (INTELLECTUAL near1 PROPERTY) or ((LEGAL or BREEDER*) near1 RIGHT*) S4 and S6 NAL Call No Access to and transfer of genetic resources.

6. Agriculture And Intellectual Property Rights - Recent Literature. Technology Tra ethics, mortality and crop biotechnology. 2. Extrinsic concerns about consequences. Outlookagric Keywords crops-/ biotechnology-/ ethics-/ risk-/ patents-/ economic-impact/ social http://www.nal.usda.gov/ttic/misc/ipag.htm

Produced by the Technology Transfer Information Center of the National Agricultural Library (ARS/ USDA). Agriculture and Intellectual Property Rights 74 citations from the AGRICOLA database, 1994 - July 2002. The legal, scientific and ethical implications of intellectual property rights are considered in these publications. IP rights relating to software, online services or information are not included. All citations are from the AGRICOLA database and are in English. Abstracts are included where they are available. Created in July 2002 by Michael Shochet of the Technology Transfer Information Center. Agris, C. H. Intellectual property protection for plants . Nat-biotechnol 17[2], 197-198. Feb 1999. Keywords: crops-/ breeders'-rights/ patents-/ varieties-/ transgenic-plants/ gene-transfer Call Number: DNAL QH442.B5 Ardley, J. and Hoptroff, C. G. M. Protecting plant 'invention': the role of plant-variety rights and patents . Trends-biotechnol 14[3], 67-69. Mar 1996. Keywords: plants-/ crops-/ genetic-resources/ germplasm-/ patents-/ breeders'-rights/ plant-breeding Call Number: DNAL TA166.T72

7. Biotechnology And Bioethics Verhoog, H.; Jagric-Environ-ethics v.5(2 transgenics-; animal-breeding; genetic-engineering;animal-welfare; ethics-. of property and the biotechnology debate. http://www.nal.usda.gov/bic/Biblios/bioethic.htm

8. AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT BIOTECHNOLOGY COMMISSION Bruce, DM (2002) A Social Contract for biotechnology Shared Visionsfor Risky Technologies? J. agric.Food ethics, in preparation. http://www.aebc.gov.uk/aebc/subgroups/horizon_scanning_meetings_030901_minutes.h

AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT BIOTECHNOLOGY COMMISSION HORIZON SCANNING SUB-GROUP NOTE OF A MEETING ON 24 APRIL 2001 AT THE HUB, EDINBURGH WITH MEMBERS OF THE ENGINEERING GENESIS WORKING GROUP OF THE SOCIETY RELIGION AND TECHNOLOGY PROJECT OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND Note: These are the views of the sub-group, not necessarily those of the full Commission Present: Engineering Genesis Working Group of the Church of Scotland Society Religion and Technology Project Donald Bruce (Convenor) Mike Appleby Ann Bruce John Eldridge Michael Northcott Joyce Tait AEBC Ed Dart Julie Hill (Convenor) ChiChi Iweajunwa Derek Langslow Roger Turner Anne Packer (Secretary) Introductions Julie Hill welcomed the members of the Engineering Genesis Working Group of the Society, Religion and Technology Project (SRT) of the Church of Scotland for an informal discussion.  She outlined the origin of the AEBC and described the horizon scanning group’s work, which was one of the three major work-streams for the Commission within its strategic overview of biotechnology for agriculture and the environment.  The group aimed to publish a paper by the end of 2001.  The AEBC group welcomed the opportunity for discussions with the Church of Scotland group, which had the benefit of considerable experience.   AEBC would particularly welcome input on particular aspects to keep in mind during its work. Donald Bruce described the work of the Church of Scotland SRT Project since its establishment in 1970, using slides which are attached as an annex to this note.  The Engineering Genesis working group was set up in December 1993 to study the ethical and social implications of genetic engineering in animals, plants and micro-organisms, which were seen as an important emerging issue in technology.

9. FLAD / NSF International - Bioethics Institute Comstock. 1700 Public lecture ethics and animal biotechnology, PeterSandoe, Royal Vet. agric. Univ., Copenhagen. Friday 28. 9.30 http://www2.flad.pt/us/bioethic.html

Call for Applications Deadline for applications: April 15, 2002 FLAD / NSF International - Bioethics Institute 3.rd edition Fundação Luso-Americana - Luso-American Foundation Lisbon, Portugal June 27 – July 4, 2002 For Life Science Faculty Members Institute Objectives I. To assist life science faculty members in integrating discussions of ethics into existing science courses. II. To acquaint faculty in the life sciences with ethical theory. III. To assist faculty in constructing pedagogical materials, such as case studies and classroom exercises. Participants will be asked to read a book on ethical theory as advance preparation. Tentative Program Thursday 27 June Welcome, Charles Buchanan, FLAD Addressing the ethical dimension of the EU funded research - future perspectives speaker to be confirmed, D.G. Research, European Commission Introduction to the Bioethics Institute Gary Comstock, Iowa State University What is ethics? Cristina Beckert, University of Lisbon Teaching ethics using active learner techniques Gary Comstock Public lecture: Ethics and animal biotechnology

10. Herbicide Tolerance/Resistance In Plants, QB 96-14 Descriptors transgenicplants; crops-; herbicide-resistance; weed-control; biotechnology-; ethics- 29. NAL Call No Rogers, R. L. La-agric v.37(3) p.23 http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb9614.htm

11. I DON’T CARE WHAT THE SCIENTISTS SAY—BIOTECH CROPS ARE TOO RISKY CR Cothern ed., Handbook for environmental risk decision making values, perceptions,and ethics. Public perceptions of biotechnology another look J. agric. http://agbiosafety.unl.edu/ref_perspectives.htm

I DON’T CARE WHAT THE SCIENTISTS SAY—BIOTECH CROPS ARE TOO RISKY Risk as Perception References and Further Reading Alhakami , A. S., and P. Slovic A psychological study of the inverse relationship between perceived risk and perceived benefit. Risk Anal. 14: 1085-1096. Bostrom , A., B. Fischhoff , and M. G. Morgan. 1992. Characterizing mental models of hazardous processes: a methodology and an application to radon J. Soc. Iss Boulter , D. 1997. Scientific and public perception of plant genetic manipulation—a critical review. Crit . Rev. Plant Sci Brown, D. J., and L. F. Schrader 1990. Cholesterol information and shell egg consumption. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 72: 548-555. Chalfant , J. A., and J. M. Alston 1988. Accounting for changes in tastes. J. Political Econ. 96:391-410. Cothern , C. R. 1996. An overview of environmental risk decision making: values, perceptions, and ethics, pp. 39-67. In C. R. Cothern [ed.], Handbook of environmental risk decision making: values, perceptions, and ethics. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL.

12. E\IP\biotechfinal.htm and environmental ethics. College Station, TX Center for biotechnology Policy and ethics, Texas A M University, 1994 2 B 52/4/v.5/pt.3/agric. OTHER United States http://www.umn.edu/~g-jack/R&R/legal_topics/biotechpat.htm

13. I Know What Risk Is, But How Do I Assess It Handbook of environmental risk decision making values, perceptions, and ethics. agric.,96 pp Consumer acceptance of biotechnology An international perspective http://agbiosafety.unl.edu/paradigm_ref.htm

I Know What Risk Is, But How Do I Assess It? The Risk Assessment Paradigm References and Suggested Readings General ACS. 1998. Understanding Risk Analysis. American Chemical Society, Washington DC Bernstein, P. L. 1996. Against the gods: The remarkable story of risk. Wiley, New York Cothern , C. R. [ ed .]. 1996. Handbook of environmental risk decision making: values, perceptions, and ethics. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL. EC (1998). Guidelines on the Application of the Precautionary Principle. European Commission Directorate-General XXIV, 17 Oct 98 Brussels FACS (1995). Reporting on risk: A Journalist's Handbook on Environmental Risk Assessment Foundation for American Communications, Pasadena , CA. http://www.facsnet.org/report_tools/ g uides_primers/risk/main.html Laudan , L. 1997. Danger ahead: The risks you really face on life’s highway. Wiley, New York NRC (1983). Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C. NRC (1996). Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society National Research Council

14. ::Agricultural Biotechnology:: of agriculture and Environmental ethics. 10(2) 10525. Intellectual property rightsin agricultural biotechnology. Exper. agric. 35(2) 240-1. Book Review. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/sdecatur/chem210/bibliography_pages/agbiotech.h

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Websites Example in agricultural biotechnology: bovine somatotropin (BST) Example in Agricultural Biotechnology: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) a. Websites www.iisd.ca/sd/har/index.html Biotechnology and Global Economy Conference homepage. It includes interviews (audio) with keynote and other speakers, abstracts and viewpoints on conference sessions, and good links to other pages. In viewpoints there is one editorial, "Food and Culture of Biotechnology" that equates biotechnology with death. In the interviews there is discussion of intellectual property, the benefits for developing countries, and how to guide biotechnology and policy development. www.biotech-info.net/gordon_conway.html This is a transcript of a speech by Gordon Conway, "The Rockefeller Foundation and Plant Biotechnology." It addresses the backlash against plant biotechnology, how development in third world countries is poorly equipped for rapid change, the 'terminator technology,' food security in a globalized world, actions to improve research and development in developing countries, and devising a new way to talk about biotechnology. www.usda.gov/news/releases/1999/07/0285

15. Biology - Biotechnology from agriculture, WA http//www.agric.wa.gov.au student activities http//www.biotechnology.gov.au ForEthical Decision Making from ethics Connection, Santa http://science.uniserve.edu.au/school/curric/stage6/biol/bioltech.html

16. Socioeconomics And Agricultural Biotechnology 406 Barnhart BuildingS225 agric. Science North500 Garrigus Building learning areas delivering core learning outcomes); Animal Welfare and ethics; biotechnology; and Global Trends. http://www.ca.uky.edu/BREI/Teach/louisville.htm

Socioeconomics and Agricultural Biotechnology Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment Valerie Askren, Ric Bessin and Lori Garkovich University of Kentucky Presented at the National Science Teachers Association Annual Convention Bridges to New Frontiers - Professional Development Louisville, KY Valerie Askren Ric Bessin Lori Garkovich Department of Agriculture Department of Entomology Department of Community Economics Economic Development 406 Barnhart Building S-225 Agric. Science North 500 Garrigus Building University of Kentucky University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40545-0276 Lexington, KY 40545-0091 Lexington, KY 40545-0215 (859) 257-7272 ext 259 vaskren@uky.edu rbessin@uky.edu rgarkov@uky.edu Biotechnology, Research and Education Initiative (BREI) BREI is a team of multi-disciplinary research, extension, and teaching professionals from the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture. Please visit our web site at www.ca.uky.edu/brei/ BREI Publications The series is designed to help people understand and assess the risks and benefits of agricultural biotechnology. All of these can be downloaded free of charge at www.ca.uky.edu/brei/breipubs.html

17. Learn Online @ The U Of S nature and organization of the biotechnology industry from agric 290.3 Microcomputersin agriculture 1/2(3L PHIL 236.3 ethics and Technology Prerequisite(s) 6 http://www.learnonline.usask.ca/coursedesc.html

18. I DON’T CARE WHAT THE SCIENTISTS SAY—BIOTECH CROPS ARE TOO RISKY I DONT CARE WHAT THE SCIENTISTS SAYBIOTECH CROPS ARE TOO RISKY. Risk as Perception. References and Further Reading. Alhakami, A. S., and P. Am. J. agric. Econ. 72 548555 perceptions, and ethics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Hallman, W. K. 1996. Public perceptions of biotechnology another http://www.agbiosafety.unl.edu/education/ref_perspectives.htm

I DON’T CARE WHAT THE SCIENTISTS SAY—BIOTECH CROPS ARE TOO RISKY Risk as Perception References and Further Reading Alhakami , A. S., and P. Slovic A psychological study of the inverse relationship between perceived risk and perceived benefit. Risk Anal. 14: 1085-1096. Bostrom , A., B. Fischhoff , and M. G. Morgan. 1992. Characterizing mental models of hazardous processes: a methodology and an application to radon J. Soc. Iss Boulter , D. 1997. Scientific and public perception of plant genetic manipulation—a critical review. Crit . Rev. Plant Sci Brown, D. J., and L. F. Schrader 1990. Cholesterol information and shell egg consumption. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 72: 548-555. Chalfant , J. A., and J. M. Alston 1988. Accounting for changes in tastes. J. Political Econ. 96:391-410. Cothern , C. R. 1996. An overview of environmental risk decision making: values, perceptions, and ethics, pp. 39-67. In C. R. Cothern [ed.], Handbook of environmental risk decision making: values, perceptions, and ethics. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL.

19. Learn Online @ The U Of S agric 290.3, X01, T1, 310 290 9201, 10, $10.00, Online, 292.3, TBA, TBA, TBA, TBA,Blended, Economics of biotechnology. TBA, TBA, TBA, TBA, TBA, Blended, ethics andTechnology. http://www.learnonline.usask.ca/courses.html

20. NCSU PP590a: Reading Material Purdue University agric. Exp. Sustaining the Food Supply. biotechnology 104043. TheScience and ethics of Genetic Engineering. Cambridge Univ. Press. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu:8050/course/pp530/read_req.html

PP590A Reading Material Introduction to class, Food and people Hardin, G. 1968. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science 162:1243-1248. Hardin, G. 1996. Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor. Pages 5-15 in: W. Aiken ed., World Hunger and Morality, Prentice Hall Inc., N J. Mann, C. 1997. Reseeding the Green Revolution. Science 277:1038-1043. Rolston, H. 1996. Feeding People Versus Saving Nature. Pages 248-267 in: W. Aiken, ed. World Hunger and Morality, Prentice Hall Inc., N J. Case study: Sierra Club population issue Ethical Theory Peach, L. 1995. An Introduction to Ethical Theory. Pages 13-26 in: R. L. Penslar ed., Research Ethics: Cases and Materials. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington. Rachels, J. 1986. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York. Chapters 1,2,4,5,13 Regan, T. 1993. New Introductory Essays in Moral Philosophy. Pages 1-29 in: T. Regan ed., Matters of Life and Death. McGraw Hill, NY. Case study: How to write and analyze a case study The Atmosphere - Ozone Depletion and Methyl Bromide Ristaino, J. B. and Thomas, W. 1997. Agriculture, Methyl Bromide, and the Ozone hole: Can We Fill the Gaps. Plant Dis. 81:964-977.

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