41. Ask The Experts: Astronomy And Astrophysics Has anyone ever calculated how far we are from the point of the big bang? Whatis the basic difference between Astrophysics and Astronomy? http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae_astro.cfm

Not a member yet? Get Free Membership Username: Password: Remember me Forgot your login? Ask the Experts Physics ... Become a Sponsor Ask the Experts: Astronomy and Astrophysics What is the difference between black hole singularity and big bang singularity? We know that fire needs oxygen in order to burn. Then how come stars continue to burn even though there is no oxygen in space? What is the minimum altitude from the equator needed to view the Earth as a whole? How do we know that the light from a distant, moving source has shifted from one part of the spectrum to another? ... go to the top Advertisement: '1995-'2004 PhysLink.com

42. Topic Big Bang Nucleosynthesis big bang Nucleosynthesis and the Missing Hydrogen Mass in the Universe. DC Choudhuryand David W. Kraft, Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics at CIPANP 2003. http://topics.aip.org/2635 .html

43. Glossary Check out these CfPA cosmic microwave background links Max and Minima; CMB astrophysicsresearch page; big bang cosmology primer. The cosmic microwave background. http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/IUP/GlossaryA_E.htm

Glossary: A thru E A B C D ... Z A Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) A galaxy which emits a huge amount of energy from a compact central source. Active Galactic Nuclei Andromeda Galaxy The Andromeda galaxy is the largest of the local galaxies, and is visible to the unaided eye. It is about 2 million light years from our own galaxy and has a beautiful spiral structure. The Andromeda galaxy is also known as M31. The Andromeda galaxy and the Milky Way galaxy will eventually collide. Asteroid Small, rocky bodies that orbit the Sun, asteroids range in diameter from a few millimeters to over 250 km. Although all asteriods reflect sunlight, only one, Vesta, can be seen with the unaided eye. Astronomical Unit (AU) The average distance between the Earth and the Sun, one astronomical unit is defined to be 150 million kilometers, or about 93 million miles. Astrophysics The study of the history, structure and dynamics of objects in the universe. Astrophysicists study stars, solar systems and interstellar material. Autumnal Equinox The place in the sky where the Sun crosses the celestial equator moving southwards. The autumnal equinox marks the beginning of autumn and falls on, or near, September 21. See

44. Big Bang Cosmology Primer A possible explanation is that right after the big bang the Universe as inflationtheory, and has widespread advocacy within the astrophysics community because http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/IUP/Big_Bang_Primer.html

Big Bang Cosmology Primer By Paul Shestople, 12/24/97 Our understanding of the Universe has greatly increased over the past few decades. The current model of how the Universe formed is known as the Big Bang theory . This article discusses the highlights of that theory. Our Universe Two and a half models The steady state theory of cosmology claims that the Universe simply exists without changing with time. This theory presents many physical as well as philosophical difficulties. Evidence suggests that the Universe is expanding . While there are ways to explain expansion in a steady state universe, few astrophysicists believe this theory, because there is little evidence to support it. As the first widely held theory about the Universe it is included here for historical completeness. The big bang theory states that at some time in the distant past there was nothing. A process known as vacuum fluctuation created what astrophysicists call a singularity. From that singularity, which was about the size of a dime, our Universe was born. It is hard to imagine the very beginning of the Universe. Physical laws as we know them did not exist due to the presence of incredibly large amounts of energy, in the form of

45. Quantum Astrophysics - Big Bang BUSTERS! B.What came before the big bang is metaphysical or can t be known. It isunscientific and has no place in cosmology or quantum astrophysics. http://members.tripod.com/~SDAI_labs/BIG.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" While it may seem 'fashionable' to believe in a 'big bang' origins to the universe, it is in reality one of the greatest fallacies perpetuated in science today. Perhaps you know someone who says, 'The universe was created in the big bang.' - maybe a colleague, teacher or parent. Here are some things to point out to them: The SDAI LABS Big Bang Busters! A. Primordial Matter - that material which is conceived to expand in the big bang - requires an origin. Therefore the big bang could not have originated the universe, but the universe was already in existence before the 'big bang'. B. An outside force is required to cause pre-bang primordial matter to expand and change its condition. Every reaction has a causal action. Such an outside force would immediately require the existence of the universe. C. There you have it - three simple big bang busters. The physics many astrophysicists use to describe the conditions of the early universe - almost qualify as ridiculous. The explanations you will get in response to your newly acquired cosmological knowledge will sometimes be amusing, the most common are presented here: A.

46. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis K. Jedamzik A Brief Summary of NonStandard big bang Nucleosynthesis Scenarios InProc. Neutrino Astrophysics, Ringberg Castle, Tegernsee, Germany, 20-24 Oct http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~jedamzik/bbn/bbn.html

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Virtually all Deuterium and the bulk of Helium-4 found in the universe was created just a few seconds after the Big Bang, about 10-15 billion years ago. This process is called Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. In the standard scenario, the final abundances depend only on one parameter, namely the cosmic matter density. Summary of our scientific agenda related to BBN On-line reading: K. Jedamzik: A Brief Summary of Non-Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Scenarios J.B. Rehm: Massive Neutrinos and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (popular article written for the 1996 MPA annual report J.B. Rehm: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (popular poster written for the 1997 MPA Open House, in german only) Thesis Work: J. B. Rehm: The Influence of Matter-Antimatter Domains on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (gzipped .ps file, approx. 1.8 MB) Look here for a short summary (html) , in german only! (here is a postscript version) Talk: J. B. Rehm: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in a Matter-Antimatter Universe Talk given in the MPA Institute Seminar, May 29, 2000 Publications: J.B. Rehm and K. Jedamzik:

47. ELA Physics Directory ASTRONOMY§, Astrophysics, Relativity, Varying c Martin White s Online Publications( Astronomy Dept, U California, Berkely) • big bang • Cosmic Rosetta http://home.att.net/~gallgosp/physics.htm

to ELA Web Portal ELA PHYSICS DIRECTORY A Associations ASTRONOMY Astrophysics ... aves (Click above to jump to Listings on this page or to an ALTERNATE ELA DIRECTORY ^ PHYSICS ASSOCIATIONS American Institute of Physics (AIP), Links Physics News Update American Physical Society (APS) education, events, News, Search, units American Vacuum Society European Physical Society (EPS) Institute of Physics (IOP) National Academy of Sciences Board on Physics and Astronomy Society of Physics Students : American Institute of Physics Yahoo Search : Organizations:Science:Physics ^ PHYSICS ASTROPHYSICS also see.. ASTRONOMY Cosmology arXiv.org e-Print archive Astrophysics (since 4/92) ... Astronomy 162 Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology The Astrophysical Journal ($) online Astrophysics Data System ADS Abstract Service Astrophysics Source Code Library : Archive About Links Search Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA) Centre for Astrophysics education, News, popularization, research, resources, U Porto Great Debates in Astronomy lanl.arXiv.org

48. Huuhaatiedettä: Big Bang Oldershaw, The Continuing Case for a Hierarchical Cosmology, 92 Astrophysics SpaceScience 347, 357 (1983). Todistusaineisto big bangkosmologian puolesta on http://www.helsinki.fi/~pvalimak/pamaus.html

Paluu Puuttuvaan linkkiin Evolutionistien lausuntoja Big bang- teoriasta Big bang ja tiede "...kaikki suuren räjähdyksen syyn tieteelliseen tutkimukseen tarvittava todistusaineisto suli ja tuhoutui alkuhetkien kuumuudessa.", R.Jastrow, God and the Astronomers 12 (1978) "kosmologia on aina ollut - ja tulee määritelmänsä mukaisesti aina olemaan - tieteen ja filosofian - jotkut voisivat sanoa tieteen ja uskonnon - rajamailla.", H.Alfven, Cosmic Plasma 123 (1981) Yleistä "big bangiä ei tarvita.", Allen, The Big Bang is Not Needed, 6 Foundations of Physics 59 (1976) "Uusin tieto eroaa teorian ennusteesta riittävästi tappaakseen big bang-kosmologian." F. Hoyle, The Big Bang in Astronomy, 92 New Scientist 521, 522-23 (1981) "Täytyy sivuuttaa, lakaista maton alle, muutamia vakavia ongelmia, joita tämä teoria tuskin koskaan ratkaisee... En juuri epäröi sanoa, että tämän tuloksena kuolema leijuu big bang-teorian yllä. Kuten olen aikaisemminkin sanonut, kun tosiasiat puhuvat jotain teoriaa vastaan, se harvoin selviytyy." F. Hoyle, The Intelligent Universe: A New View of Creation and Evolution 179, 186 (1983)

49. Astrophysics And Cosmology At Florida State University Nuclear Astrophysics is the research field which explains the origin of the elementsand We know that Hydrogen was formed shortly after the big bang and that http://www.physics.fsu.edu/Research/Astrophysics/AstroPhysics.html

50. Superconducting Cameras To Photograph The Big Bang such as studying the very earliest moments of the big bang, finding galaxies signingof an agreement between Oxford Instruments and the Astrophysics Group in http://www.oxinst.com/SCNNWP509.htm

drawHeader('4', 'FFC800', 'image_superconductivity.jpg', 'superconductivity', ''); Superconducting cameras to photograph the Big Bang Major scientific advances, such as studying the very earliest moments of the Big Bang, finding galaxies beyond the edge of the currently observable universe, creating the next generation of x-ray astronomy satellites, through to sub-cellular imaging of DNA and other biological materials are all now a step closer. This follows the signing of an agreement between Oxford Instruments and the Astrophysics Group in Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory, to create a new laboratory. The 20-year agreement combines two of the UK's leading superconducting detector groups and their complementary areas of expertise to establish a new single low temperature electronics facility to be located at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. The facility will allow the combined team to create a new generation of analytical techniques for the physical and biological sciences. The team will develop advanced superconducting detectors and optical components for the whole of the electromagnetic spectrum. Steve McQuillan, Managing Director of Oxford Instruments Superconductivity said, "This agreement is of international significance since it brings together world class skills to work synergistically to advance superconducting detectors."

51. Sociedade Da Terra Redonda - Debate big bang, Annual http://www.str.com.br/Debate/debate0407.htm

Publicado: 05/07/2002 Atualizado: 05/07/2002 Clique no banner do anunciante acima e ajude a Sociedade da Terra Redonda a crescer! Estatuto Boas-Vindas Novidades Autores ... Sorteio! Áreas da STR Principal S.T.R. Atheos Scientia ... Respostas Faça Uma Doação! Doe Qualquer Quantia! Precisa de Ajuda? Dúvidas? Novidade: Revista Adquira a sua! É grátis! Ajude a STR a Crescer! Ajude-nos a crescer! Cadastro de Membros Clique e cadastre-se já! Destaques da STR Pesquisa do Debate V ocê acredita que as previsões e afirmações da astrologia são válidas? S im N ão O utra Opinião Ver Resultados Atuais Lista de Contatos C adastre-se na Lista de Comunicação Entre Membros da Sociedade da Terra Redonda Regras de Utilização Envolva-se com a STR! R ecomende este texto para um amigo! Pesquise em Outros Sites Realidade Dicionário do Cético Quackwatch Hospedagem na Internet BIG BANG: CONCLUSO Milhares de pessoas visitam a STR diariamente. Seu banner pode ser este aqui! Patrocine todos os textos da Área Debate! Apenas R$ 10,00 por mês. de Sandro Rembold C hegamos ao fim do debate. Acharia tentador, tendo em vista a última resposta do debatedor B, explicar novamente – talvez com um detalhamento maior – as (várias) evidências que sustentam a teoria do

52. [hep-th/9907067] Elementary Introduction To Pre-big Bang Cosmology And To The Re at the Second {\sl SIGRAV} School on {\sl Gravitational Waves in Astrophysics, Cosmologyand predicted in the context of the socalled pre-big bang scenario http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9907067

High Energy Physics - Theory, abstract hep-th/9907067 From: [ view email ] Date: Fri, 9 Jul 1999 18:30:51 GMT (172kb) Elementary introduction to pre-big bang cosmology and to the relic graviton background Author: M. Gasperini Comments: 53 pages, Latex, IOP style, 12 figures included using epsf. To appear in Proc. of the Second SIGRAV School on ``Gravitational Waves in Astrophysics, Comology and String Theory" (Villa Olmo, Como, 19-24 April 1999), edited by V. Gorini et al Report-no: BA-TH/99-345 this http URL Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats References and citations for this submission: SLAC-SPIRES HEP (refers to , cited by , arXiv reformatted); CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis) Which authors of this paper are endorsers? Links to: arXiv hep-th find abs

53. [astro-ph/0208186] Primordial Alchemy: From The Big Bang To The Present Universe Primordial Alchemy From The big bang To The Present Universe. of lectures at theXIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, ``Cosmochemistry The http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0208186

Astrophysics, abstract astro-ph/0208186 From: Gary Steigman [ view email ] Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2002 16:56:41 GMT (219kb) Primordial Alchemy: From The Big Bang To The Present Universe Author: Gary Steigman (The Ohio State University) Comments: Course of lectures at the XIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, ``Cosmochemistry: The Melting Pot of Elements (November 19 - 30, 2001; Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain). 32 pages; 16 figures Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats References and citations for this submission: SLAC-SPIRES HEP (refers to , cited by , arXiv reformatted); CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis) Which authors of this paper are endorsers? Links to: arXiv astro-ph find abs

54. Some Big Bang Supporting Assertions Challenged his paper A cosmological model without singularity, (Astrophysics and Space Science,vol. 207, no. 2, September 1993, pp. 203219). big bang supporters Sten http://home.pacbell.net/skeptica/

Some Big Bang Supporting Assertions Challenged A resource for Big Bang skeptics and critics. Hyper links provided below to more pages of Big Bang cosmology critics and other Big Bang theory doubters who are on non creationist side of the topic. If one has a belief that the universe is, or should be, a certain way, it is only natural that one gives importance to corroborating evidence or arguments that enhance the prejudice. None of us are without our influences, whether they be cultural, religious, idealist, materialist or whatever. My personal prejudice is that of atheistic materialism; of a universe infinite in space and time; in eternal motion; and, of the conservation of matter and energy. Now for a few arguments by Big Bang creationist boosters for a finite expanding universe. The pro arguments are from George Smoot and Keay Davidson’s book Wrinkles in Time . The con arguments are not found in their book, which is suggestive of their prejudice for a “created” universe. The pro arguments are not necessarily their arguments, but since they treat the argument as valid without giving criticism, it is included as a

55. Collapse Of The Big Bang Theory and John Huchra, of the HarvardSmithsonian Center for Astrophysics, announced the ontheir speed of movement, if produced by the standard big bang cosmology. http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-216.htm

Institute for Creation Research A Christ-Focused Creation Ministry "For in six days the Lord made the heaven and the earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day..." Exodus 20:11 Main Menu Online Store About ICR Back to Genesis Days of Praise ... Tracts ICR Network Grad School ICR Adventures Jonathan Park ICRA Rated ... Donate THE BIG BANG THEORY COLLAPSES - IMPACT No. 216 June 1991 by Duane T. Gish , Ph.D.* Institute for Creation Research. All Rights Reserved Based on the Big Bang theory, cosmologists predicted that the distribution of matter throughout the universe would be homogeneous. Thus, based upon the so-called Cosmological Principle, it was postulated that the distribution of galaxies in the universe would be essentially uniform. No matter in which direction one looked, if one looked far enough, one would see the same number of galaxies. There would be no large scale clusters of galaxies or great voids in space. Recent research, however, has revealed massive superclusters of galaxies and vast voids in space. We exist in a very "clumpy" universe. The present crisis in Big Bang cosmologies began in 1986, when R. Brent Tully, of the University of Hawaii, showed that there were ribbons of superclusters of galaxies 300 million light-years long and 100 million light-years thick, stretching out about a billion light-years, and separated by voids about 300 million light-years across.[1] These structures are much too big for the Big Bang theory to produce. At the speeds at which galaxies are supposed to be moving, it would require 80 billion years to create such a huge complex, but the age of the universe is supposed to be somewhere between 10 and 20 billion years.

56. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation And The Big Bang Theory 1 F. Flam, COBE finds the bumps in the big bang, Science 256 B. Zel dovich, Smallscalefluctuations of relic radiation, Astrophysics and Space Science 7 http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-233.htm

Institute for Creation Research A Christ-Focused Creation Ministry "For in six days the Lord made the heaven and the earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day..." Exodus 20:11 Main Menu Online Store About ICR Back to Genesis Days of Praise ... Tracts ICR Network Grad School ICR Adventures Jonathan Park ICRA Rated ... Donate BUMPS IN THE BIG BANG - IMPACT No. 233 November 1992 by Russell Humphreys , Ph.D.* Institute for Creation Research. All Rights Reserved What Is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation? In 1964, two Bell Laboratories scientists, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, accidentally discovered that the earth is bathed in low-intensity microwave electromagnetic radiation coming equally from all directions. The intensities and wavelengths of these microwaves are characteristic of thermal radiation Everything emits thermal radiation. Any object at a particular temperature emits thermal radiation with a particular set of intensities and wavelengths. For example, a white-hot light bulb filament at 3000

57. Hawking On The Big Bang And Black Holes (Advanced Series In Astrophysics And Cos Hawking on the big bang and Black Holes (Advanced Series in Astrophysicsand Cosmology) Stephen W Hawking. Author or Artist Stephen W Hawking. http://www.thorntontours.co.uk/Stephen-W-Hawking-Hawking-on-the-Big-Bang-a-072-9

Hawking on the Big Bang and Black Holes (Advanced Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology) Stephen W Hawking Author or Artist : Stephen W Hawking Title: Hawking on the Big Bang and Black Holes (Advanced Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology) Hawking Stephen W Stephen W. Hawking Subject: Astrophysics Category: Science Nature Astronomy Cosmology Astronomy General Format: Hardcover Claude Cohen-Tannoudji-Atoms in Electromagnetic Fields (Series in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics)... B.M. Askerov-Electron Transport Phenomena in Semiconductors... T.J. Nelson II J.R. Wullert-Electronic Information Display Technologies (Series on Information Display)... G't Hooft-Under the Spell of the Gauge Principle... ... Gang Green-Preschool...

58. La Théorie Du Big Bang Translate this page En effet, peu de temps après le big bang, lorsque le rayonnement dominait encorela matière, la 4 Y.Zel’dovitch, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5, 1970, p84. http://www.astrosurf.com/lombry/cosmos-bigbang.htm

La théorie du Big Bang Les lois de la nature (I) Combien peut-il exister de lois applicables aux phénomènes cosmologiques et qui soient régies par la gravitation et sous l’emprise du temps ? Probablement la majorité. Je vous en propose quatre qui n'ont pas de bornes, mais dont l'intensité peut osciller au cours de l'évolution de l'Univers. Ces équations ont une portée universelle et nous permettront de mieux comprendre les principes de l’expérience du Big Bang. Le facteur d'échelle Depuis les 1980 nous savons que la théorie selon laquelle les galaxies sont uniformément distribuées doit être nuancée car les galaxies se regroupent en fait en amas , formant une sorte de maillage régulier, troués d'espaces vides à l'échelle de quelques millions d'années-lumière. Il faut observer le ciel à l'échelle du milliard d'années-lumière pour retrouver une répartition homogène des galaxies. De ce principe cosmologique découle que les distances entre les galaxies peuvent être déterminées uniquement en fonction de l'expansion de l'Univers, facteur qui bien sûr changera au cours du temps : c'est le "facteur d'échelle" qui représente le rayon de l'Univers ou plus exactement la séparation entre deux galaxies quelconques. Méfions-nous cependant de la gravité car nous savons qu'elle peut ralentir l'expansion et modifier localement la vitesse des objets.

59. Session Q16 - Astrophysics: Student Prize Talks. Q16 Astrophysics Student Prize Talks. MIXED session, Monday afternoon, May 01202C, LBCC. Q16.001 Expanding the Capabilities of a big bang Nucleosynthesis http://www.eps.org/aps/meet/APR00/baps/abs/S5750.html

Previous session Next session Session Q16 - Astrophysics: Student Prize Talks. MIXED session, Monday afternoon, May 01 202C, LBCC Expanding the Capabilities of a Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Code Juan Lara (Center for Relativity / University of Texas at Austin) Signatures for a Cosmic Flux of Magnetic Monopoles Stuart Wick (Vanderbilt University) Any early universe phase transition occurring after inflation has the potential to populate the universe with a flux of magnetic monopoles. Observations of galactic magnetic fields, and models for extragalactic magnetic fields, lead to the conclusion that monopoles of mass Observation of Energy-Dependent Electron-Capture Decay in Secondary Galactic Cosmic Rays S.M. Niebur, W.R. Binns, P.L. Hink, M.H. Israel, J. Klarmann, M. Lijowski (Washington University), E.R. Christian, T.T von Rosenvinge (NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center), A.C. Cummings, J.S. George, R.A. Leske, R.A. Mewaldt, E.C. Stone (California Institute of Technology), M.E. Wiedenbeck, N.E. Yanasak (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Secondary galactic cosmic rays are produced at cosmic ray energies by fragmentation of primary cosmic rays during propagation through the interstellar medium; these nuclei carry a signature of the energy at which they were produced. Although electron-capture decay is inhibited at most of the energies typical of cosmic rays, decay is possible at the lower energies for isotopes such as 51Cr and 49V. We have analyzed Titanium, Vanadium, and Chromium isotopic data from the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer on ACE and found evidence of electron-capture decay at lower energies. We will present a comparison of secondary electron-capture decay isotope abundances and abundances of their decay products with results from improved propagation models in order to discuss the amount of electron-capture decay and subsequent acceleration that may have occurred during propagation.

60. Session Y6 - Cosmology, Particle Astrophysics And Gravitational Wave Astronomy. Session Y6 Cosmology, Particle Astrophysics and Gravitational Wave Astronomy. TheHot big bang plus inflation is the standard model of the early universe. http://www.eps.org/aps/meet/APR02/baps/abs/S6260.html

Previous session Next session Session Y6 - Cosmology, Particle Astrophysics and Gravitational Wave Astronomy. ORAL session, Tuesday afternoon, April 23 Aztec, Albuquerque Convention Center Beyond Cosmological Parameters Max Tegmark (University of Pennsylvania) I summarize the latest constraints on dark matter and dark energy from the cosmic microwave background, large-scale structure, lensing, LyA forest clustering, etc, focusing on the following questions: By postulating complicated unseen matter with sufficiently many free parameters, one can fit almost any observational data, so how can we test the underlying physics in a model-independent way? What current and upcoming cosmological constraints can be robustly connected with dark matter properties that can be probed experimentally? A Rejuvenated Universe Without Initial Singularity Eric Gawiser (Physics Dept., U.C. San Diego) The Hot Big Bang plus inflation is the standard model of the early universe. I will present a new cosmological model which uses the observed cosmic dark energy as initial conditions for an inflationary phase which mimics a Hot Big Bang. This inflationary phase (dubbed rejuvenation) will be produced if the effective cosmological constant increases with time. The universe undergoes superexponential expansion until it resumes radiation domination, leaving it identical to a Hot Big Bang in all measurable respects but avoiding an initial singularity. This process can produce adiabatic density perturbations as favored by recent observations of Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy, although a blue tilt to the primordial power spectrum is predicted.

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