21. Africanfront.com (AUF) to explore panberber identity among indigenous cultures throughout North africa, including the the cultures of the berber peoples, an occasion http://www.africanfront.com/conflict6.php

African Unification Front HOME ORGANOGRAM AUF IDEOLOGY AUF LEADERSHIP ... URGENT ACTION ALERT printable version BIRTH OF AN AFRICAN DISSIDENT MOVEMENT THE AMAZIGH RESISTENCE OF NORTH AFRICA The Berbers are found in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Egypt. Berbers make up some 40 percent of the Moroccan population, and some 25 and 35 percent of the populations of Algeria and Tunisia, respectively. The vast majority of North Africans have ancestry even though they are not self-identified as Berber. Berber languages are concentrated in the mountainous areas which have best resisted Arabization, except in the case of the deep Sahara. The whole of North Africa spoke Berber languages at one time, while in the Middle Ages they occupied much of Spain and Sicily as well. Between the 11th and 13th centuries, two great Berber dynasties - the Almoravids and the Almohads - controlled large parts of Spain, as well as north-west Africa. Berbers prefer the term "Amazigh," instead of "Berber" because "Berber" derives from "Barbara," the Greek term for barbarian, later adopted by Romans and Arabs. the word Berber is also associated with the people from the land of Ber, the son of biblical figure Ham. Berbers have lived in North Africa since at least 3000 B.C.E. Berbers number over 15 million people. Many Berber confederacies in North Africa resisted Arab rule; the revolt led by the Berber queen Kahina in the 7th century is just one of the best known. Berbers confederacies entered semiautonomous alliances with Roman, Vandal and Islamic rulers, maintaining a decentralized tradition of rule. The mass migrations through the region of Arabs (particularly the Banu Hilal), which began in the 9th century, led to the gradual conversion of most Berbers to Islam. Many Berbers also began to speak Arabic.

22. LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST TUAREG LINKS on North africa, the Amazigh (berber) People, their Documents www.halcyon.com/FWDP/africa.html (WebCrawler of over 500 texts on indigenous peoples throughout the http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-tuareg.htm

language links TUAREG HOME THE BEST LINKS GUARANTEE Unlike many other web sites related to languages, only serious and useful sites are listed here. If you know a really good site for learning this language do email us GENERAL LINKS Links Tuareg www.sahara-info.ch/Aktuell/Links/Links_Tuareg.htm (Snap) INFOS SATELLITENBILDER GPS ALGERIEN LIBYEN MAROKKO TSCHAD TUAREG REISEBERICHTE VERSCHIEDENES AUSRÜSTER LAND ROVER VERANSTALTER FAHRAD - MTB Neu! Tuareg Tamazgha, "a Collection of Resources on North Africa, the Amazigh (Berber) People, their... Touareg www.cybercable.tm.fr/~hsixt/ (AltaVista) Cybercable, touareg, musique, music, rêves, dreams, voyage, travel, image, picture, graphique, graphics, calligraphie FWDP African Documents www.halcyon.com/FWDP/africa.html (WebCrawler, Magellan) An online library of over 500 texts on indigenous peoples throughout the world. ONLINE BILINGUAL TEXTS ONLINE COURSES ONLINE GRAMMARS ONLINE DICTIONARIES ONLINE NEWSPAPERS/MAGAZINES ONLINE RADIO/TV ONLINE CULTURE, RELIGION, LITERATURE, ARTS AND MUSIC

23. Islam In Africa-Mauritania People conquerors or the caucasoidnegroid peoples they enslaved. tend to be more distinctly berber in appearance Traditionally, the enslaved indigenous class came to http://www.islaminafrica.org/mauritania-p.htm

People Population growth rate: 2.52% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 44.46 births/1,000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 14.59 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: -4.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 78.22 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 49.99 years male: 46.95 years female: 53.11 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.41 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Mauritanian(s) adjective: Mauritanian Ethnic groups: mixed Maur/black 40%, Maur 30%, black 30% Religions: Muslim 100% Languages: Hasaniya Arabic (official), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (official), French Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 37.7%

24. Islam In Africa-Algeria History and permanently changed the character of North africa. Algeria became part of the powerful berber empires of civil rights for the indigenous peoples of Algeria http://www.islaminafrica.org/algeria-h.htm

History The earliest known inhabitants of certain areas of Algeria were cattleherds and hunters living in the Al Hajjar region between 8,000 and 2,000BC. These may have been tribal Berbers. Phoenicians settled some of the coastal areas of Algeria from their north-African state of Carthage which was in modern day Tunisia. The first Algerian kingdom was established by the Berber chieftain Massinissa during the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage which took place between the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. Massinissa reigned over his kingdom of Numidia from 202-148BC and his dynasty lasted until 106BC when his grandson Jugurtha became a Roman client. As part of the Roman Empire Numidia flourished, becoming known as the 'granary of Rome'. A road system and a series of Roman garrisons which became small Roman cities were built during the Roman period. With the decline of the Roman Empire, Roman armies were withdrawn from Algeria and in the 3rd century AD, the Donatists, a North African Christian sect which had been suppressed by the Romans, declared a short-lived independent state. Algeria was invaded by the Vandals in the 5th century who occupied the country for a hundred years before being driven out by the Emperor Justinian's Byzantine army. It was Justinian's aim to restore the Holy Roman Empire but the spread of Islam and the Arab conquest of North Africa during the 7th century thwarted the expansion of Byzantium and permanently changed the character of North Africa.

25. History Of Algeria predominantly by Muslim Arabs but it has a large indigenous berber minority who North africa served as a transit region for peoples moving toward http://www.fact-index.com/h/hi/history_of_algeria.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index History of Algeria This article is the top of the History of Algeria series. Prehistory of Central North Africa North Africa during the Classical Period Rise of Islam in Algeria French rule in Algeria ... History of Algeria since 1962 This article is an overview of the History of Algeria . Please refer to the individual sections of the series for more complete commentary. Table of contents 1 Historical setting 2 Chapters of the series 3 Related articles 4 References Historical setting In geography, the fertile coastal plain of North Africa , especially west of Tunis , is oftem termed the Maghrib . Modern Algeria is inhabited predominantly by Muslim Arabs but it has a large indigenous Berber minority who survive from Neolithic times. The most significant forces in the country's history have been the spread of Islam , arabization, Ottoman and French colonization , and the struggle for independence. North Africa served as a transit region for peoples moving toward Europe or the Middle East . Thus, the region's inhabitants have been influenced by populations from other areas. Out of this mix developed the

26. Seminar On Minorities And Indigeneous People In Africa of strengthening participation of indigenous peoples and minorities provided information about their peoples and situations origins of the berber people and the http://www.icescolombo.org/Research/Minority/MIPAfrica/MIPAReport.htm

Seminar on Multiculturalism i n Africa Minority Protection PROJECT LINKS Introduction Seminar Follow-up Action Seminar Report ... Home Distr. GENERAL E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.5/2000/WP.3 18 May 2000 ENGLISH Original: FRENCH COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights Working Group on Minorities Sixth session 22 -26 May 2000 Report on the Seminar on "Multiculturalism in Africa: Peaceful and constructive group accommodation in situations involving minorities and indigenous peoples" held in Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania 13-15 May 2000 Chairperson-Rapporteur Naomi Kipuri (Kenya ) 3. Ms. Tharanga de Silva on behalf of the ICES opened the seminar by welcoming the participants. She provided information about her organization which she explained carried out research on ethnic issues in the South Asia as well as other regions. Mr Benedict Ole Nangoro on behalf of the Tanzanian participants to the meeting welcomed the visitors to his country and invited everyone to-take part in a traditional Maasai blessing which is used to bring harmony to discussions and fruitful conclusions.

27. 100gogo Expedition Of Africa, Africa's Super Predators & Mammals Safari as the Shuwa live side by side with berber peoples. who have either conquered indigenous peoples (such as in a symbiotic relationship with agricultural peoples. http://www.100gogo.com/africa/

Africa - The Birthplace of Modern Humans You either love it or hate it . . . Africa Map Click here to see large map Introduction Features of Africa Africa is the second-largest continent , after Asia, covering 30,330,000 sq km; about 22% of the total land area of the Earth. It measures about 8,000 km from north to south and about 7,360 km from east to west. The highest point on the continent is Mt. Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Point - (5,963 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania. The lowest is Lake 'Asal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. The Forests cover about one-fifth of the total land area of the continent. The Woodlands, bush lands, grasslands and thickets occupy about two-fifth. And the Deserts and their extended margins have the remaining two-fifths of African land. World's longest river : The River Nile drains north-eastern Africa, and, at 6,650 km (4,132 mi), is the longest river in the world. It is formed from the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria. World's second largest lake : Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the is the world's second-largest freshwater lake - covering an area of 69,490 sq km (26,830 sq mi) and lies 1,130 m (3,720 ft) above sea level. Its greatest known depth is 82 m (270 ft).

28. Exploring Africa -> Students-> Religion In Africa-> Islam By the twelfth century CE, many berber traders had been and flexibility of both African indigenous religious systems the primary religion of the peoples of the http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/lm14/stu_actthree14.html

Unit Three: Studying Africa through the Humanities Module Fourteen: Religion in Africa Student's Edition Activity Three: Islam in Africa: Expand Islam is one of the most important religions in the World. Indeed, more than one billion people identify themselves with Islam. That means that about one out of every five people in the world is a Moslem (follower of Islam)! The majority of Moslems live in western, southern and south-east Asia. Next to Asia, Africa is home to the next largest group of Moslems. Indeed, some experts estimate that almost half of Africa's population identify themselves as Moslems. More recently, Islam has spread into West Europe and North America. In fact, Islam is the fastest growing religion in France and Germany! Click here to see a World Map of Islam . Also, take a minute to review the map of African religions by clicking here.

29. Facts On File, Inc. and the fiftytwo nations of africa in an history and culture of its indigenous peoples, and brief Entries include Abyssinia; Benin; berber kingdoms; Cameroon; http://www.factsonfile.com/newfacts/FactsDetail.asp?PageValue=Books&SIDText=0816

30. The Berbers (The Peoples Of Africa) - By Michael Brett, Et Al Ingram The berberspeaking peoples are regarded as the indigenous tribes of North africa. This comprehensive overview draws on a http://www.bookfinder.us/review3/0631207678.html

The Berbers (The Peoples of Africa) Africa History Book Review AUTHOR: Michael Brett, et al ISBN: 0631207678 Compare price for this book History Africa History Africa History Editorial Review from Amazon The Berbers (The Peoples of Africa) - Book Review, by Michael Brett, et al Ingram The Berber-speaking peoples are regarded as the indigenous tribes of North Africa. This comprehensive overview draws on a wide range of sources, from archaeology and history to anthropology and literature, to show these disparate and segmentary peoples in their immediate social environments and how they retained a separate identity among more dominant cultures. 43 plates. 55 drawings. 2 maps . Buy this Book from Amazon.com Compare prices for this book The Berbers (The Peoples of Africa) - Book Review, by Michael Brett, et al From the Publisher The Berber-speaking peoples are regarded as the indigenous tribes of North Africa. This comprehensive overview draws on a wide range of sources, from archaeology and history to anthropology and literature, to show these disparate and segmentary peoples in their immediate social environments and how they retained a separate identity among more dominant cultures. 43 plates. 55 drawings. 2 maps. 320 pp. Compare prices for this book History Africa History Africa History

31. The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa language is Arabic; also spoken are berber dialects, French Yoruba, Ibo and a number of indigenous languages are the south and Voltaicspeaking peoples in the http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm

English Deutsch Español Français ... Português Three Pointe Dr. Suite 301 Brea, California 92821 U.S.A. Tel.: Fax: Toll Free (U.S.) With a global network of experienced resources, InterSol provides customized, cost-effective solutions to the challenges of international communications. Other Editions Africa The Languages and Writing Systems of Africa Country Language Script Algeria, Al Djazair, Algérie, (Democratic and Popular Republic of) Arabic, French and a Berber language. Arabic, Latin, Berber Angola, (Republic of) Portuguese is the official language, but a Bantu language is widely spoken. Latin, Bantu Benin, former kingdom, situated in present-day SW Nigeria French and Fon Latin, Fon Botswana, ( Republic of) English is the official language, but the population is mainly Tswana, who speak a Bantu language. Latin, Bantu Burkina Faso or Burkina, formerly Upper Volta French is the official language. Latin Burundi, Republic of Official languages are French and Kurundi (a Bantu language) Swahili is also spoken Latin, Bantu

32. Lewis2 of the berbers, the Maghreb region s indigenous peoples, seriously. of land that stretches across North africa. While berber dynasties once ruled the important http://www.tharwaproject.com/English/Main-Sec/NetWatch/NW_04_20_04/lewis2.htm

Tharwa Sections News Editorials Features Files ... Project-Syndicate Project Info Mission Advisory Board Editorial Board The Tharwa Site ... Contact Tharwa Affiliated Sites Amarji BitterLemons BitterLemons Int. DarEmar ... SFCG Tharwa Net-Watch A natural barrier to Islamism Jonathan Eric Lewis April 8, Originally appeared in the Wall Street Journal. Reproduced with permission of the author . The Maghreb region of North Africa has long been within the French sphere of influence. But lately the Maghreb and the countries neighboring it, such as Spain, are increasingly becoming conflict zones between the West and Islamism. Given that the U.S. is becoming increasingly involved in counter-terrorism initiatives in North Africa and the Sahel region of Sahara desert, and that Moroccan suspects have been implicated in the deadly terrorist attack which killed hundreds of innocents in Madrid, it behooves policymakers interested in the stability of both North Africa and Western Europe to take the plight of the Berbers, the Maghreb region's indigenous peoples, seriously. This is particularly pertinent given that many Berbers will be boycotting today's presidential elections in Algeria as a means of protesting the government's severe discrimination against their community. With a population of approximately twenty-five million, the Berbers live in the vast expanse of land that stretches across North Africa. As a non-Arabic population in countries increasingly under the sway of Arab-Islamic nationalism, the Berbers were, during much of the twentieth-century, disenfranchised from political power. Berbers, who speak several regional dialects of the Afro-Asiatic language Tamazight, have had an enormous impact on the culture and history of the Maghreb and are, apart from arch-secularist Kabyle intellectuals, nominally Sunni Muslims. While Berber dynasties once ruled the important cities of Fez and Tunis, their culture and music have become integral parts of modern Algerian and Moroccan national identity.

33. Brazzil - Brazil - Brasil :: View Topic - How Would These People Be Classified I How would he be berber when berbers are tradtionally fairer and Acc to other sources, they are the indigenous peoples of North africa _ A http://www.brazzil.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=6957

34. CSOC208.htm WWW Virtual Library to indigenous Resources for africa to find links for the !Kung, Akan, Amazigh/berber, Masai,Tamazight, Hadzabe peoples, Ogoni, Oromia http://library.ups.edu/instruct/bachmann/csoc208.htm

Peoples of Africa Comparative Sociology 208 Dr. Karen Porter University of Puget Sound Collins Memorial Library Librarian Donna Bachmann Popular Press Sources via the Web Africa News provides fairly comprehensive to current news from and about Africa it links to reporting from more than 40 African news organizations. Search by topic, country, or region Channel Africa presents a collection of news items from Africa, compiled from shortwave,satellite, and Internet radio broadcasts by Channel Africa. Read, listen, and/or watch: Video, audio, and text files about music, sports, money markets, and news are available. To go directly to English language resources, click on Programmes in English . (RealPlayer is required for media files. If you don't have it, Download RealPlayer from Sun Microsystems.) Browse the list of all newspapers in Africa, or search by the following countries: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Electronic Journals and Newspapers on Africa is a directory of links to electronic journals and newspapers about Africa on the Internet, arranged alphabetically and presented by the Department of African Studies at Columbia University. A short description of each journal and newspaper is included.

35. Africa From bases in Egypt, Arabs raided the berber states to One theory is that more advanced Kushite peoples from the highlands came to dominate the indigenous Bantu http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/africa3a.html

Africa Some 5 million years ago a type of hominid, a close evolutionary ancestor of present-day humans, inhabited southern and eastern Africa. More than 1.5 million years ago this toolmaking hominid developed into the more advanced forms Homo habilis and Homo erectus. The earliest true human being in Africa, Homo sapiens, dates from more than 200,000 years ago. A hunter-gatherer capable of making crude stone tools, Homo sapiens banded together with others to form nomadic groups; eventually these nomadic San peoples spread throughout the African continent. Distinct races date from approximately 10,000 BC. Gradually a growing Negroid population, which had mastered animal domestication and agriculture, forced the San groups into the less hospitable areas. In the 1st century AD the Bantu, one group of this dominant people, began a migration that lasted some 2000 years, settling most of central and southern Africa. Negroid societies typically depended on subsistence agriculture or, in the savannas, pastoral pursuits. Political organization was normally local, although large kingdoms would later develop in western and central Africa. see Aksum, Kingdom of

36. Minorities Or Indigenous People? - Studi Per La Pace political structures and land ties of seminomadic berber tribes as Martinez never intended to deny the existence of indigenous peoples in africa and Asia http://www.studiperlapace.it/english/fresa.html

Home Documentazione Conferenze Mappa del sito ... Documentazione Minorities or indigenous people? pubblicato il 6 novembre 2000 A new interpretation of the term 'indigenous people': what are the legal consequences of being recognised as 'minorities' instead of as 'indigenous people' for the indigenous people of the world? Tesi di specializzazione Lucia Fresa Master in Diritto Internazionale dei Diritti Umani Anno Accademico 1999 - 2000 Pubblicazioni C entro S tudi p er la P ace Sito Internet - www.studiperlapace.it I. Introduction II. The most generally accepted differences between the definition of 'minority' and of 'indigenous people(s)' in the United Nations 1. The concept of 'minority'. 2. The various terms used to refer to indigenous groups: 'population', 'peoples', 'people'. 3. The approach of the 'treaty-study'. III. The 'draft eclaration on the rights of indigenous peoples' vs. 'the declaration on the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities' 1. Introductory remarks. 2. Comparing the two Declarations.

37. B2Bmine.com 4801 Page Of Indexed Sites. Translate this page africa, america, asia, centroamerica, cocina, completa, europa Athena, Moor, Moors, Moorish, berber, Hamite, Semite An indigenous peoples founded non-profit US http://www.b2bmine.com/z-b2bsl04/b2b_yg_bl_04801.html

www.achim1604.claranet.de Details: mitt, Susi Boxberg.. Indexed as: achim, afrika, ausruuml, berichten, boxberg, motorrad, motorradreise, reisebericht, reiseberichte, reiseseiten, russland, schmitt, sibirien, susi, trans-afrika, transafrika, vladivostok, vladiwostok, wladiwostok, zweizeit www.tiresias.org Details: Information resource for people working in the field of visual disabilities Tiresias, Visual Impairment, Blind, Professionals, Information, Resource, Visually, Disabled, Disability, International Information, Professional Information Indexed as: blind, disabilities, disability, disabled, field, impairment, information, international, people, professional, professionals, resource, tiresias, visual, visually, working www.bpb.de Details: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, bpb, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, , politische Bildung, Politik, Politiklexikon, Innenpolitik, Wahlen, Politikverdrossenheit, Zuwanderung, Rechtsextremismus, Sozialversicherung, internationale Politik, Europäische Union, EU, Osterweiterung, Naher Osten, 11. September, Terrorismus, Globalisierung, En twicklungspolitik, Geschichte, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD, Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR, Deutsche Einheit, Weimarer Republik, Nationalsozialismus, politische Grundfragen, Demokratie, Grundwerte, Moral, Menschenrechte, Gesellschaft, Wissensgesellschaft, Generationsbeziehungen, Gewalt und Prävention, Islam, Kultur, Jugendkultur, Kulturpolitik, Theater, Film, Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Soziale Marktwirtschaft, New Economy, Medien, E-Democracy, geistiges Eigentum, Methodik, Didaktik..

38. Africa Book Centre Ltd Photography the Maasai, the Turkana, the Samburu and the berber. peoples OF THE SOUTH A Visual Celebration of South africa s indigenous Cultures Glossy http://www.africabookcentre.com/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_Photography_142.html

var actinic_ignored = true; actinic_ignored = false; document.write(getCartItem(3)); document.write(getCartItem(1)); Quick search Online Catalogue Photography AFRICA 2004 Hardback Our Price: AFRICAN ARK 1990 Hardback Our Price: 2002 Hardback with CD Our Price: A DAY IN THE LIFE OF AFRICA 2002 Hardback Our Price: FARM 2002 Hardback Our Price: 2001 paperback Our Price: THE HOTAZEL YEARS 2002 Hardback Our Price: 2003 Paperback Our Price: LIVING TRIBES 2003 Hardback Our Price: 2003 Hardback Our Price: 2001 hardback Our Price: 2002 Hardback Our Price: THE SOUL THINKS IN IMAGES 2002 Hardback Our Price: SPIRIT OF THE BUSH 2000 Hardback Our Price: SURVIVING THE LENS 2001 Hardback Our Price: TIME ZERO GROUND ZERO 2002 Hardback Our Price: 2002 Hardback Our Price: 2001 hardback Our Price: 2002 Paperback Our Price: Online Catalogue Photography

39. . Midelt.com . to a UN conference on racism and indigenous peoples rights in Durban, South africa, to make the case for official recognition of the berber language, shrugs http://www.midelt.com/forum.asp?forum=3§ion=1&post=25&page=last

40. The Official Home Page Of The Republic Of Sénégal As africa s peoples established themselves and diversified to local Spoken african languages indigenous to the continent The berber and Touareg is the group http://www.earth2000.com/ar/westafrica.html

WEST AFRICAN HISTORY Who are ouest africans Ethnicity As Africa's peoples established themselves and diversified to local conditions, they developed distinctive cultures, oral traditions and oral art forms. Africa's hundreds of different ethnic groups are often defined by the language they speak, according to contemporary (especially Western) scholarly practice. Spoken African languages Indigenous to the continent are variously estimated to number from 700 to 3000. The major ethnic groups in West Africa are the Mandeng, Fulah, Yoruba, Haoussa, Ashanti and Cameron. From these derived several separate groups with cultural differences and minor linguistic variations. The group Yoruba for example, encompasses twenty-five separate groups each one culturally different from the next. The Berber and Touareg is the group found in the Sahara desert, the language and culture has a strong Arabic influence. There are numerous spoken languages in every West African country. However, the native languages of capital cities dominate the dialogue spoken by the majority. The official languages spoken are from the former Colonial master, French being spoken in more countries, followed by English and Portuguese. In the recent years some countries have started to develop and promote the writing of their main dialect, in order to accelerate their developing program. This way modern science and technology will reach the rural area were illiteracy is quite high.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 101    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20