81. Overview together we can end some of the historical misinformation about native Americans Abenaki, Algonkin, beothuk, Delaware, Erie, Fox, Huron, Illinois, Iroquois, Kickapoo, Mahican http://www.dickshovel.com/up.html

Awesome Library Star Rating Compact History Geographic Overview When complete these Histories will encompass approximately 240 tribal histories (contact to 1900). They will be limited to the lower 48 states of the U.S. but also include those First Nations from Canada and Mexico that had important roles ( Huron Micmac , Assiniboine, etc.). Each history's content and style are representative. At the end of each History you will find links to those Nations referred to in the particular History you have just read. It is my intent to use the Internet so as to solicit feedback regarding these Histories and I want you to feel free to comment or suggest corrections via e-mail. Working together we can end some of the historical misinformation about Native Americans. Now, having said that, I would like to present the outline which will provide a glimpse as to how I intend to address these Histories. While there has been some initial jumping around, I do intend to present each History in the order to be found below. I look forward to your comments...

82. Native American Tribes And Cultures The Topic native american Tribes and. Cultures. Below is an indexed list of links to sites on specific native american tribes and cultures. This is a companion page to an EduScapes 42eXplore project http://eduscapes.com/42explore/native4.htm

The Topic: Native American Tribes and Cultures Below is an indexed list of links to sites on specific Native American tribes and cultures. This is a companion page to an EduScapes project on Native Americans . Before you return to the main page, you might also want to connect to the other two companion pages for the project: (1) Native American Biographies - A to Z and (2) Comprehensive Index Sites Federally Recognized Tribes - Lower 48 http://www.the-rez.com/lower48_tribes.htm First Nations Histories http://www.tolatsga.org/Compacts.html Index of the North American Indian http://curtis-collection.com/tribalindex.html Links to Information on Specific North American Indian Tribes (A-H) by P. Konstantin http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/links12.html Links to Information on Specific North American Indian Tribes (I-M) by P. Konstantin http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/links12a.html

83. Native North Americans Beothuk http://www.archaeolink.com/native_north_americans_beothuk.htm

Beothuk History People Culture Home Native Americans - Canada/US General resources By peoples, tribes, associations Abenaki Alabama-Coushatta Algonquin Anishinabe/Ojibwe/Chippewa ... Yakima/Yakama By Regions Eastern Woodland page 1 Eastern Woodland page 2 Pacific Northwest page 1 Pacific Northwest page2 ... Southern Plains Special Pages Native Americans in the Military The Beothuk _What a great website about this fascinating people! "It only took 250 years for these people to become extinct after European contact. This is their story. Try out the games you can play to see how much you've learned at this very nice website, too!" - Illustrated - From the Memorial University of Newfoundland - http://www.heritage.nf.ca/aboriginal/beothuk.html Beothuk Indians A good site to introduce the Beothuk to younger students. In fact, it was done by a younger students. "We, the grade five students of Pt. Leamington Academy, have done a research paper on the native people of Newfoundland. This paper is about the Beothuk Indians of Newfoundland. Here are some of the information that one student found." Good work - illustrated - From Pt. Leamington Academy - http://www.k12.nf.ca/pointleamington/4-6/Beothuks.htm

84. Native American Cultures Cheyenne Indians http//www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/cheyenne The Cheyenne are northAmerican Plains Indian still learning Cheyenne as a native language, but http://www.archaeolink.com/cheyenne_indians.htm

Cheyenne Indians History Anthropology Home Native Americans - Canada/US General resources By peoples, tribes, associations Abenaki Alabama-Coushatta Algonquin Anishinabe/Ojibwe/Chippewa ... Yakima/Yakama By Regions Eastern Woodland page 1 Eastern Woodland page 2 Pacific Northwest page 1 Pacific Northwest page2 ... Southern Plains Special Pages Native Americans in the Military Cheyenne "The Cheyenne Indians lived in the Great Plains area, east of the Rocky Mountains and west of the Mississippi River. Today they are settled in Montana and Oklahoma." Learn about history, culture and more. - From Minnesota State University - http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/cheyenne.html Cheyenne "In the days before white Europeans came to North America, the Cheyenne, "people of strange speech," lived in the fertile prairie and wooded hills along the banks of the Missouri and Red rivers." - From TheWildWest.org - http://www.thewildwest.org/native_american/society/Cheyenne.html

85. Marilee's Native Americans Resource If you want to learn about native Americans as they divide the continent into tenculture groups Ahtna, Attikamek, Beaver, beothuk, Carrier, Chilcotin, Chipewyan http://marilee.us/nativeamericans.html

Home Word Puzzles Picturebooks KidPix/KidWorks Projects ... Link-Backs Marilee's Native Americans Resource Cherokee Comanche Cree Haida Hopi Inuit Iroquois Navajo Nez Perce Pomo Sioux Ute Wampanoag Misc. Tribes Clothing Craft Projects Famous People Legends Recipes Songs, Dances, Games Creation stories teach that Native Americans have been where they are since the world was created. It is also thought that First Americans migrated from Siberia over the Bering Strait about 14,000 years ago, or perhaps even earlier. The land bridge was dry ground for several thousand years before the sea level rose again and stopped migration. The hunters would have followed the migrating herds of large mammals as they moved south. As the glaciers melted, the First Americans spread to the North American coasts and across the entire continent. Native Americans adapted to the climates and terrains in which they lived and used whatever natural resources were available. The arrival of the Europeans in the 1500's began a change in the lives of the Indian people that continued through the next centuries. Sometimes the changes were good. The horses brought by the Spanish made bison hunting much easier and safer. But Vikings, Spanish, English and French explorers, colonists and missionaries spread diseases, made slaves of the people, forced relocations, claimed ownership of natural resources and land, and tried to stamp out the native cultures. Some of the Indian people survived, but not without making drastic changes in their life styles.

86. Beothuk - Encyclopedia Article About Beothuk. Free Access, No Registration Neede beothuk means people in the beothuk language. languages are a subfamily of NativeAmerican languages that displaced a Dorset The Dorset culture preceded the http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Beothuk

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Beothuk Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The Beothuks were the native inhabitants of Newfoundland Other uses: Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland (disambiguation) Newfoundland is a large island off the north-east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province Newfoundland and Labrador. (The province was called "Newfoundland" until 2001.) Newfoundland is separated from the Labrador Peninsula by the Strait of Belle Isle and from Cape Breton Island by Cabot Strait. It is 111 390 km in area, making it the world's 15th largest island. Click the link for more information. at the time of European Europe is a continent whose boundaries are the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Ural Mountains and Ural River in the east, the Caspian Sea, Caucasus mountains and Black Sea in the southeast and the Mediterranean Sea as the southern boundary. With Asia, Europe forms the supercontinent Eurasia: Europe is the western fifth of the Eurasian landmass. In terms of area, Europe is the world's second smallest continent, with an area of 10,400,000 square kilometres (4,000,000 square miles), making it slightly larger than Oceania.

87. Native American Newsletter @ Buffalo Trails - Newsletter March 22, 1999 awardwinning native american made videos, are dedicated to inform, educate andencourage the awareness of tribal histories, cultures, languages, traditions http://www.native-americans.org/newsletters/native-american-newsletter-march99-3

Free Native American Newsletter @ Buffalo Trails - Newsletter - March 22, 1999 Our Native American newsletters includes links to sites about Native American issues and resources. The presence of these links is not an endorsement by Buffalo Trails of the sites, sponsors, or content. We do make every effort to insure these links are kid safe. If you enjoy Native America... Reward yourself and read all of our Native American newsletters! sitemap Visit all of these Buffalo Trails links for the best of Native America. Home Languages Music Videos ... Link to Us ~ Delivering the best of Native America to people around the globe since 1998 ~ Native American Newsletter @ Buffalo Trails Buffalo Trails periodically sends an Email to our members to keep them updated on our website, new products, new issues of our Native American Newsletter, to notify members of our giveaways and to tailor the visitor's experience at our site. Members may opt-out of receiving future mailings at any time by following the unsubscribe information at the end of Email you receive from Native Americans @ Buffalo Trails. Read past issues of our Native American newsletter.

88. First Nations Site Index... edible, medicinal, or other household uses.) Traditional native american TobaccoSeed Bank and Education Program Perspectives On Cultural Property Voices of http://www.dickshovel.com/www.html

FIRST NATIONS/FIRST PEOPLES Mailing List ...sign up and stay abreast of changes at the First Nations and Wounded Knee sites. Presidential Commission on Race Holds No Native Americans Go to: First Nations Site Search Tool A B C ... Z A AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT SITE ANNA MAE AQUASH ARCHIVE Clarifying my thoughts about Russell Means by Stephen E. W. Savage, July 17, 2000 Black Elk, AIM and the Rabbi by justanoldman Peltier CD Another Man's Poison: Profit and Loss in White Clay "For years, Indian deaths along the Nebraska border have gone unsolved..." They marched for their dead brothers... Rally leader vows to return to Whiteclay Nine protesters arrested for crossing police line "THIS IS THE NEBRASKA STATE PATROL, DISPERSE OR ENFORCEMENT MEASURES WILL BE TAKEN" Anna Mae's book available I am a white woman... You can only kick so long... Sea Shepards discussed... ... AIM Arizona endorsed performers... AIM Southern California Lakota Student Alliance Jill Cadreau and Milford High ...which translates into "If it ain't white...it ain't right."

89. Overview Of The Subarctic There were two main groups of native peoples in the The only tribe of the SubarcticCulture Area whose people not speak either dialect was the beothuk tribe of http://nativeamericanrhymes.com/subarctic/overview.htm

Overview of the Subarctic The phrase Subarctic People refers to those native peoples living in the Subarctic Culture Area. The Subarctic Culture Area is territory stretching across northern latitudes from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It covers a vast region, including most of Alaska's and Canada's interior. What is termed the Northern Forest, filled mostly with evergreen trees - pine, spruce and fir, with some birch, aspen and willow as well - grows in the Subarctic. This kind of northern forest is called taiga. Since there is relatively little topsoil for deep root systems, the trees of the taiga are generally scraggy and short. The northern edge of the taiga borders the treeless tundra of the Far North. The Northern Forest is broken up by a network of inland waterways. Some of the largest lakes are the Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and Lake Winnipeg. Some of the largest rivers are the Yukon, Mackenzie, Peace, Saskatchewan, Red River of the North and La Grande. There are thousands of smaller lakes and rivers, plus many ponds, streams and swamps. In the western part of the Subarctic, the rolling taiga and swamplands give way to highlands - the northern part of the Rocky Mountain chain, the Yukon Plateau, and the British Columbia Plateau. The Subarctic is home to abundant wildlife. Large mammals include caribou, moose, musk oxen, bear, and deer. Small mammals include beaver, mink, otter, porcupine, rabbits and squirrels. Moreover, there are many species of birds, especially waterfowl and fish.

90. AAA Native Arts: American Indians Of The US And Canada their agricultural diet with native foods http://www.aaanativearts.com/modules.php?name=News&new_topic=43

91. Course List and the destruction of traditional native cultures; and Indian both sides of the CanadianAmericanborder kmaq, Maliseet-Pasamaquoddy and beothuk) and Iroquoian http://www.mun.ca/aboriginal/courses.html

What are the minimum requirements needed to fulfill the minor? Students who minor in Aboriginal Studies shall complete a minimum of twenty-four credit hours including Anthropology 2414 (three credit hours) plus one course in any three of the following disciplines: Education, English, History, Law and Society, Linguistics, Social Work, and Sociology (nine credit hours). The remaining twelve credit hours can be chosen from any of the courses in the program. (Note: Students enrolled in the Bachelor of Education (Native and Northern) Degree Programs must contact the Native and Northern Teacher Education Office for information on which Education courses may be used for the Aboriginal Studies Minor). What courses should I take? You need to take 24 credit hours of courses. You must take the core course, Anthropology 2414 (3 credit hours) For the 'breadth' requirement, you then need three more courses, each chosen from a different discipline (not Anthropology) for a total of 9 credit hours. (The disciplines are listed below). Then you need four more courses, chosen from any discipline (for a total of 12 credit hours).

92. Mi'kmaq / First Nations History Suppliment Shunpiking Vol 5 No 5, Issue # 38 the implicit or explicit description of native Americans most sacred puts the demiseof the beothuk in the assimilation into the laws and cultures of the http://www.shunpiking.com/mikmaq/his-beothic.htm

History speaks for the Beothuk The ghost of the Beothuk, Newfoundland's indigenous people, hangs all over the proposals of the long knives for termination of aboriginal rights as the final solution for the Indian question A HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE BEOTHUK By Ingeborg Marshall, McGill-Queen's University Press Reviewed by Anthony J. Hall L eading the charge against the recognition of aboriginal land rights in British Columbia, Canada's richest and fastest-growing province, are Globe and Mail columnist Gordon Gibson and former b.c. civil servant Mel Smith. In many columns, Gibson has railed against the terms of the Nisga'a Treaty, an agreement that he says entrenches racial discrimination in law. Gibson's arguments, which have wide currency especially in the Canadian Alliance Party, are largely extensions of the themes in Smith's Our Home Or Native Land?, a little text that is on its way to becoming something of a cult classic among far-right activists organizing to oppose aboriginal rights. Smith cites selectively from various court rulings to advance the thesis that it is perfectly legal for governments and corporations to dispossess aboriginal peoples of lands and resources in Canada without their consent and without compensation. Both Smith and Gibson join a long line of social Darwinists who have asserted or implied that North America has no lasting place for indigenous nations, and that natives must simply leave behind their aboriginal nations to enter the political and economic cultures of their colonizers as equal citizens.

93. English Language Arts 6-9 Bibliography and develops an understanding of the native Americans living in easily read adventuredeals with cultural conflicts an early 19th century beothuk struggling for http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/curr_inst/iru/bibs/midela/t-db.html

Titles and Descriptions - B Baby The Baby Project The Bamboo Flute The Barn Bartholomew Fair Bartleby Baseball Crazy BBC Shakespeare on CD-ROM Series BBC Shakespeare Series Bearstone Because She's My Friend Becoming Brave: The Path to Native American Manhood Becoming Reflective Students and Teachers With Portolios and Authentic Assessment. 1st ed. The Beduins' Gazelle The Beggars' Ride Behind the Story: The People Who Create Our Best Children's Books...And How They Do It! Beowulf: Dragonslayer: Imagine Poetry Novel Pack Best Christmas Pageant Ever The Best of Arlie Zack Between Brothers Beyond Safe Boundaries Beyond the Western Sea: Book One: The Escape From Home The Bias-Free Word Finder: A Dictionary of Nondiscriminatory Language Big Burn The Big Wander Bill Bill Freeman - Shantyman of Cache Lake Billy Biography Birthday Surprises: Ten Great Stories to Unwrap Blaine's Way Blitzcat Blizzard Blood Red Ochre: Changes Novel Pack The Blue Camaro The Blue Jean Collection Blue Moon The Boggart Bones in the Basket: Native Stories of the Origin of People The Book of Changes: Stories The Book of Myths Book Talk: Collaborative Responses to Literature Books Alive!: Using Literature in the Classroom

94. Canku Ota - Oct. 7, 2000 - The Invasion Of Europe arrived before Callicoatl the Arawak, the beothuk, and the Sardinians - were wipedout, their cultures lost to You may know us as native Omequauhns , but we http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues00/Co10072000/CO_10072000_Invasion.htm

Canku Ota - A Newsletter Celebrating Native America October 7, 2000 - Issue 20 The Invasion of Europe by Zoltan Grossman used with permission This story imagines a parallel universe in which Native Americans have conquered and settled Europe. Part of the point is that Native Americans would not have done to Europeans what Europeans actually did to them. The main point is (as Sherman Alexie says) is to "turn it around," in order to expose cultural double standards. Versions of this piece were published in 1992 in Akwesasne Notes, News From Indian Country, Report on the Americas, and other periodicals. The piece is posted on-line in "Readings on Cultural Respect" on the Midwest Treaty Network website at http://www.alphacdc.com/treaty/r-explt.html#story . Feel free to use it (with attribution) for education around October 12th. "Wanblee Johnson" is a fictitious character thought up by Zoltan Grossman It was 500 years ago that Callicoatl sailed across the ocean with three Aztec boats, and found a new continent, a new Eastern Hemisphere. The commemoration of this event is being marked with great fanfare and celebration. Every child has been taught the story: how Callicoatl convinced Montezuma II to support his journey, how the Aztec sailors nearly despaired on the journey, and how they "discovered" a strange white-skinned race in the "New World." But that is only part of the story. It is important that in this, the 500th anniversary of Callicoat's voyage, the record be set straight.

95. Name The now extinct beothuk lived in Newfoundland the Maritimes yet their cultures weretraditionally Canadian native Americans sometimes called Amerindians by the http://members.aol.com/lredtail/candian.html

First Nations of Canada The Canadian Indians The following lecture was given by our wonderful friend, Ed Mentz Sr. Ed is also the author of some of the beautiful artwork on our pages. We (Kevin, Karen and I) express our gratitude and friendship to this wonderful human being. Tribal origins may have begun as far back as 40,000 B.C. due to recent discoveries of crude chipped stone implements. The first inhabitants were hunters using wooden lances with sharp stone heads. This big game mammoth hunting flourished in the Canadian plains and woodlands until about 8000 B.C. When the mammoth became extinct, the people hunted deer, bear, elk and smaller game. By 1000 B.C. the early woodland culture had developed in eastern North America. During this period, the population became more stable and individual cultures began to crystallize. New features such as pottery were gradually incorporated into Canada’s prehistoric tribes. Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence in 1603 and traded with the Algonkin, Montagnais and Malecite. In 1608 he founded the settlement called Quebec. In 1609 Champlain assisted the Algonkin and their Huron allies and routed a band of 200 Iroquois warriors. This enmity added to Cartier’s had historical consequences lasting nearly a hundred years. The establishment of Quebec brought about changes in the various native cultures, who were these people ? There are eight principal nations who speak the Algonkian family language. The now extinct Beothuk lived in Newfoundland, while the MicMac occupied Nova Scotia, northeastern New Brunswick, Gaspe in Quebec, and Prince Edward Island. South-western New Brunswick and the neighboring part of Quebec was the home of the Malecite. The Montagnais and Naskapi lived in what is now Quebec and Labrador.

96. New Page 1 Algonkin. beothuk. Delaware. Erie. Fox. native Cultural Groups. Put together by afourth grade classroom. native AmericansFive Cultures. J First Americans. http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/dstandle/nativeamericans/references.htm

Native American WebQuest *~Reference~* Here's where you'll want to gather information for your task. Please journey to the Presentation section for the next step. N ative American Resources Native American Flags Northwest Native Americans Tribes Abenaki Algonkin Beothuk Delaware ... Mascouten Massachuset Mattabesic Menominee Metoac Miami ... Wenro Winnebago Southeast American Native Tribes Acolapissa Bayougoula Catawba Cherokee, ... Houma Daily Life of Pacific Northwest Coastal Indians J Pacific Northwest Coastal Indians Muckleshoot People Art Pacific Northwest Native American Art Chehalis Chehalis Site Chinook Chinook Indians Indian Tribes of Oregon Native Cultural Groups Put together by a fourth grade classroom. Native Americans-Five Cultures J First Americans Map of the Northwest Indian Tribes Map of Tribes Great information. Clickable map. Good pictures. Umatilla, Cayuse, and Walla Walla Tribe History (Plains) J History Plains Native American Tribes Comanche Home Intro Task ... Teacher Resources Created by the 4th Grade Team 2002

97. »»Reviews For Ancient Age«« I recommend this book to anyone who has an interest in native Americanculture, especially shamanism. Prepare to have your eyes opened. http://www.booksunderreview.com/Society/History/By_Region/North_America/Ancient_

Ancient Age Reviews Related Subjects: Aztec-Mexica Beothuk Hohokam Mayan ... Toltec Book reviews for "Ancient Age" sorted by average review score: Native Healer: Initiation into an Ancient Art Published in Paperback by Quest Books (March, 1991) Authors: Robert G. Lake, Lake Medicine Grizzlybear, and Bobby Lake-Thom Amazon base price: List price: that's off! Used price: Collectible price: Buy one from zShops for: Average review score: An interesting look into shamanic lifestyle... I read this book for a research project I was on doing Native American Shamanism and found this book extremely helpful. Although it may not be a great literary work it is a wonderful source of information and insight into the rites of passage into becoming a shaman. The author, Robert Lake has had a vast amount of experience in the field, undergoing the rites and rituals of the shaman as well as being an observer. I recommend this book to anyone who has an interest in Native American culture, especially shamanism. Prepare to have your eyes opened. I like this book; I am NOT entirely happy with it; but it is a well written volume.

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