61. Zambia People - World66 People. Languages English (official) major vernaculars—bemba Kaonda Lozi Lunda Luvale Nyanja Tonga and about 70 other indigenous languages. http://www.world66.com/africa/zambia/people

62. DRC Pygmies Demand A Tribunal For Crimes Against Them In Ituri Baloi, head of a delegation of indigenous persons commonly of MLC leader Jean-Pierre bemba, said Amzati and the African Charter on Human and peoples Rights http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=31962&SelectRegion=Great_Lakes&Selec

63. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A LANDSCAPE OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY the Akans of Ghana, Lamba, bemba and Tonga European solutions to indigenous african problems may not africa, the struggle for Independence divided the people. http://www.geography.ccsu.edu/kyem/GEOG466_Africa/Culture and Conflicts in Afric

CULTURE AND CONFLICTS IN AFRICA What is a Culture? An Anthropologist’s definition: "Culture consists of the abstract values, beliefs, and perceptions of the world" that shape people’s behaviors and are reflected in those behaviors." Shared by members of a society, "[c]ultures are learned, largely through the medium of language, rather than inherited biologically, and the parts of a culture function as an integrated whole." "People maintain cultures to deal with problems or matters that concern them. To survive, a culture must satisfy the basic needs of those who live by its rules, provide for its own continuity and an orderly existence ," "strike a balance between the self-interests of individuals and the needs of the society as a whole," and "have the capacity to change in order to adapt to new circumstances or to altered perceptions of existing circumstances" (William A. Havilland, Anthropology, th ed, Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1994; p. 303]. Culture refers to a complex system of behaviors and attitudes embodied in the total way of life of a group of people including their diet, norms and traditions, music and dancing, language, art, religion, and distinctive behaviors that make the group of people unique and distinguishes them from other people.

64. Biodiversity Support Program : Publications Database cultivation system practiced by the bemba in wetter indigenous knowledge, guided by the reappearance of certain system can support more people than chitemene http://www.bsponline.org/bsp/publications/africa/issues_2/Title.htm

Issues in African Biodiversity, No.2. Using Natural Fertilizers in Miombo Woodlands Table of Contents Introduction Fertilizer Stocks in Miombo Chitemene Cultivation in Zambia Fundikila Cultivation in Zambia ... References Tables Table 1. Average nutrient stocks in miombo woodland vegetation Table 2. Characteristics of chitemene, fundikila, and communal area farming systems in the Miombo zone of southern Africa. Int roduction Miombo woodlands grow on the ancient central African plateau and its escarpments. They form a swathe across the continent from Angola to Mozambique, and extend from Tanzania and southern Congo in the north, to Zimbabwe in the south. Scientists distinguish miombo from other savanna woodland and forest formations by the presence of legume trees belonging to the genera Brachystegia, Julbernardia, and Isoberlinia Miombo occurs on geologically old and acidic (pH 4-6) soils with low fertility. A characteristic association between miombo tree species and ectomycorrhizal fungi significantly increases mineral uptake from the soil. There is higher species diversity in miombo woodlands and associated wetlands or dambos than, for example, acacia woodlands. Miombo is of outstanding international importance for the conservation of plants and birds, many of which are endemic to the region. It provides seasonal habitat for two large, spectacular antelope in Africa, the roan and sable. Miombo trees are typically highly resilient to the annual fires that sweep across the region, and resprout rapidly after anthropogenic disturbance; however, woodland regeneration can be stalled or prevented if trees are uprooted and the connection with ectomycorrhiza is disturbed.

65. Gods And Former Kingdoms Of Africa indigenous beliefs emphasize continuity between people and nature. element to the south SudKatanga and in Zambia where is set the bemba, Lala, Lamba http://www.linknet.com.au/adcnet/messages/40.html

Gods and former kingdoms of Africa Follow Ups Post Followup ADC Network Notice Board FAQ Posted by jack kybird (80.225.87.107) on March 16, 2002 at 09:43:49: What is Palo Mayombe? Palo Mayombe is an African Diasporic religion originated with the Bantu people from the Congo region of Africa it's Priests are, called Paleros or are feared by many because of their practices of brujeria, or witchcraft. Practice and worship in Palo is centered around the prendas , which are consecrated pots that contain sticks, bones, dirts and herbs that are sacred to a particular Nkisi, the Gods and Goddessess of Palo. . Prendas are very powerful in the hands of a trained Palero, and can be utilized to perform nearly any function. The Spirits of the Dead, called the Fumbi, are also of paramount importance to the Palero. Paleros work with Spirit Guides to obtain information and wisdom, as well as with lower spirits that serve a variety of functions at the Tata (Father) or Yaya's (Mother) behest. These lower spirits are sometimes referred to as perros, or dogs. The Gods and Goddesses of Palo In Palo Mayombe, the gods and goddesses that the Palero worships and calls upon for help are called the Nkisi. Each Nkisi rules over a different aspect of life and nature. The Nkisi are housed in special pots that are called prendas. The prenda also houses the Fumbi, are Spirits of the Dead who aid and serve the Nkisi as well as the Palero. Without the Nkisi and the Fumbi, the Palero is powerless.

66. A Look At The Past of the San, Zambia s indigenous people, began half a The Bantuspeaking people developed different cultures. tribal groups, including the bemba, Lunda, Lozi http://www.settlement.org/cp/english/zambia/alook.html

A L OOK AT THE P AST A rchaeologists believe that the history of the San, Zambia's indigenous people, began half a million years ago. The San were nomadic hunters. Hundreds of years ago, when Bantu-speaking people from northern Africa began to migrate into Zambia, the San retreated into the forested areas. T he Bantu-speaking people developed different cultures. Some raised cattle, some fished or grew crops, and some mined copper. By the middle of the 18th century, many of Zambia's largest tribal groups, including the Bemba, Lunda, Lozi and Ngoni, had established territories. O riginally, traders from other countries came to Zambia to buy copper and ivory. But in the 18th and 19th centuries, Portuguese and Arab traders came to buy or capture people for the slave trade. Some tribal chiefs sold prisoners that they had taken during wars with neighbouring kingdoms to the slave traders. Other chiefs opposed this practice. I n the mid-19th century, David Livingstone, a British missionary, became the first English-speaking person to explore Zambia. In the 1880s, Cecil Rhodes convinced the British government to give his British South Africa Company the right to stake mining claims in Zambia. Through manipulation and force, he made the African chiefs sign treaties that gave the company control of their territory. He called the territory Rhodesia. Did you know?

67. LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST XHOSA LINKS Nomadic Tribes Two groups of indigenous people were said to Gamtoos River The Khoisan people no longer Azerbaijani Bakundu Basque* Beja bemba Bengali Broadcast http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-xhosa.htm

language links XHOSA HOME THE BEST LINKS GUARANTEE Unlike many other web sites related to languages, only serious and useful sites are listed here. If you know a really good site for learning this language do email us GENERAL LINKS (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) XHOSA picasso.wcape.school.za/subject/xhosa/xhoshome.htm (AltaVista, Excite) XHOSA. WCSN Home Page. General Subject Index. WWW search. Sabelo's Isixhosa Home Page. Second Language. Std 6 Writing Evenkileni yempahla (dialogue) Ndim.. The Xhosa Virtual Resourse Network www.saol.co.za/xhosa/welcome.htm The Heritage Virtual Resource Network is the holding Organisation[Network] which steers and oversee all the networks within this domain.It is in this regard that The Heritage Virtual Resource Network announces the soon to be launching networks in its domain. These include the current Xhosa Network, the Sotho Network, the Afrikan Network and the Zulu Network will follow later after that. www.cyberserv.co.za/users/~jako/lang/xho.htm (Snap, Excite) South African Language: XHOSA VADA Software Talen V - Z www.vada.nl/softtvz.htm

68. Zambia : Geography, People, Policy, Government, Economy... HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 870,000 (1999 Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1 English (official), major vernaculars - bemba, Kaonda, Lozi http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/infopays/wfb.php3?CODEPAYS=ZAM&PAYS=Zambia

69. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents and only two have enough people to constitute Religions Christian, indigenous beliefs, Muslim, Hindu local languages and dialects, including bemba,Lozi, Kaounde http://www.traveldocs.com/zm/people.htm

Zambia Africa PEOPLE Zambia's population comprises more than 70 Bantu-speaking tribes. Some tribes are small, and only two have enough people to constitute at least 10% of the population. Most Zambians are subsistence farmers. The predominant religion is a blend of traditional beliefs and Christianity. Expatriates, mostly British (about 15,000) or South African, live mainly in Lusaka and in the Copperbelt in northern Zambia, where they are employed in mines and related activities. Zambia also has a small but economically important Asian population, most of whom are Indians. The country is 42% urban. Nationality: Noun and adjectiveZambian(s). Population (2000): 10.2 million. Annual growth rate: Ethnic groups: More than 70 tribal groups. Religions: Christian, indigenous beliefs, Muslim, Hindu. Languages: English (official), about 70 local languages and dialects, including Bemba,Lozi, Kaounde, Lundu, Luvale, Tonga, and Nyanja. Education: Years compulsory7. AttendanceLess than 50% in grades 1-7. Less than 20% of primary school graduates are admitted to secondary school. Literacy78.9%.

70. THE MAJOR TRIBES The Main tribes are the Lozi, the bemba, the Ngoni, the The Lozi people eventually rose up against them in 1864 They conquered indigenous tribes there with ease http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/tribes.htm

THE MAJOR TRIBES LOZI NGONI TONGA LUNDA ... TRADITIONAL CEREMONIES With over 70 different tribes in Zambia, there is wide cultural diversity. Interestingly enough however, it is one of the few countries in Africa with very little tribal animosity, and the existence of so many tribes has proved less of a political problem than in many other African states. The Main tribes are the Lozi, the Bemba, the Ngoni, the Tonga, the Luvale and the Kaonde. The Lozi The Lozi migrated into Western Zambia from the Luba Lunda Kingdom of Mwata Yamvwa in Zaire, which was one of the greatest central African Chieftainships in the 17th and 18th Century. After some centuries they were conquered by the Makalolo from the South, fleeing themselves from the great Zulu conqueror, Shaka. They left their language, Sikololo as the lingua franca of the Barotse plains and imposed much of their cultural tradition on the area. The Lozi people eventually rose up against them in 1864 and all but annihilated them. Their Chief is called the Litunga and they are essentially cattlemen. Every year they migrate to higher ground above the barotse flodplains of the Zambezi in a grand ceremony called the Kuomboka. The Ngoni The Tonga Among the most numerous in Zambia, archaeological evidence proves their existence for at least 900 years in the Southern province. Six centuries ago, one of the areas where they now live, the Zambezi Valley, was a flourishing trade centre. Here there was brisk trade between the valley people and the Arabs, Chinese and Indians on the East coast of Africa.. One form of currency used was a copper ingot cast in the form of a cross.

71. Fresh Fire Ministries - Evangelist Todd Bentley - Conferences LanguageEnglish, bemba. Mortality Rate 99 deaths/1,000 live births Religions Christian (5075%), indigenous beliefs (50 - 75%); many people follow both. http://www.freshfire.ca/Missions/zambia/index.asp

Home Store CAN or USA Missions Conferences Monday, June 07, 2004 Want to receive the Fresh Fire newsletter? Sign me up! About Fresh Fire Home Videos Profile Vision ... Contact Us Writings Teachings Prophecy Revival Reports News Articles ... Get saved Events Conferences Healing Wells Realms of Glory Joel's Army ... Promotion Missions General Info Ken's Profile Pastor Perspective Mexico ... Sign Up Revival Reports India Abbotsford Arusha Tanzania Abbotsford, BC ... Uganda, Africa Store Store Home - US Store Home - CAN Store Home - Europe Tapes - All US CAN Single tape US CAN 2 tape US CAN 3 tape US CAN 4 tape US CAN 6 tape US CAN Books US CAN CDs - All US CAN CDs - Music US CAN CD's - Teachings US CAN DVDs US CAN School sets US CAN Videos US CAN Conference Reg US CAN Conference Sets US CAN Donation US CAN Clothing US CAN Australia ZAMBIA Lusaka Sep. 5 - Sep. 14

72. CIA - The World Factbook -- Zambia HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS Definition Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%. English (official), major vernaculars - bemba, Kaonda, Lozi http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/za.html

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73. BaobabConnections.Org Healing Our Planet The indigenous Way. He travels the world with his band, Radio bemba Sound System A Dividend from the Earth for the People Should every world http://www.baobabconnections.org/home.php?mag=4

74. Zambia (04/04) People Nationality Noun and adjectiveZambian(s Religions Christian, indigenous beliefs, Muslim, Hindu. languages and dialects, including bemba, Lozi, Kaonde http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2359.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Bureau of African Affairs April 2004 Background Note: Zambia PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Zambia Geography Area: 752,614 sq. km. (290,585 sq. mi.); slightly larger than Texas. Cities: Capital Lusaka (pop. approx. 1 million). Other cities: Kitwe, Ndola, Livingstone, Kabwe. Terrain: Varies; mostly plateau savanna. Climate: Generally dry and temperate. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Zambian(s). Population: Approx. 10 million. Annual growth rate: 2%. Ethnic groups: More than 70 ethnic groups. Religions: Christian, indigenous beliefs, Muslim, Hindu. Languages: English (official), about 70 local languages and dialects, including Bemba, Lozi, Kaonde, Lunda, Luvale, Tonga, and Nyanja. Education: No compulsory education; 7 years free education. Net primary school enrollment: 67%. Literacy women: 60.6%; men: 81.6%. Health: Infant mortality rate Life expectancy 37 years. HIV prevalence (15-49) Work force: Agriculture mining and manufacturing services Government Type: Republic. Independence: October 24, 1964. Constitution: 1991 (as amended in 1996).

75. Vitalog.com - Search By Location Languages English (official), major vernaculars—bemba, Kaonda, Lozi Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages. search people who Born Died Burial. http://www.vitalog.com/cgi-bin/exploring/country.cgi?cod=1266&ctype=birth&sort=n

76. Zambia - Countrywatch.com and only two have enough people to constitute languages spoken in Zambia include bemba, Tonga, Nyanja Zambia include Christianity and indigenous animist beliefs http://aol.countrywatch.com/aol_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=189&SECTION=SOCIAL&TOPIC=CLPE

77. I Love You In... (love_you) Germany (actually a German dialect) bemba language spoken language spoken by some indigenous tribes of a low percentage of the people), Singapore, Malaysia http://clara.rol3.com/~u0329445/love_you.htm

How to say I love you in... The original list was made by Richard Kamenik. Changes and/or additions please mail directly to: 00180634@ysub.ysu.edu Version 23 16.10.96 I Love You

78. Zambia - Our Work Index  - Caritas Australia plus more than 70 indigenous  including bemba, Lozi, Luvale 75%, Muslim and Hindu 24 49%, indigenous beliefs 1%. There are less than 10 million people in a http://www.caritas.org.au/ourwork/where_zambia.htm

Where we work Africa Asia East Timor ... Take Action Zambia The Facts About Zambia What Caritas Australia is doing? Caritas Stories ... What can you do? The Facts Population: 9,852,400 (est July 2000) Capital: Lusaka Size: 752,614 sq. km. (incl. 11,890 sq. km. water). Religious affiliations: Christian 50 - 75%, Muslim and Hindu 24 - 49%, indigenous beliefs 1%. Ethnic Groups: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%. Infant Mortality: 92.4 / 1000 (2000 est.) Literacy: 78.2% (Male 85.6%, Female 71.3%). 1995 est. Life Expectancy: 37.2 years (Male 37.1, Female 37.4) 2000 est. Human Development Index: United Nations Development Program 2000, Human Development Report places Zambia 153 out of 174 countries. The Human Index measures a country's achievements in terms of life expectancy, educational attainment and adjusted real income. About Zambia Zambia is a land locked republic in south central Africa, bounded by the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Angola and Namibia. Most of the country is high plateau with flat or undulating terrain. Mountains in the northeast exceed 2000m. The Zambezi is the major river system. Climate is sub-tropical with most rainfall between November and April. Seven percent of the land is arable and 27% forested. Originally known as the territory of Northern Rhodesia, Zambia was administered by the powerful South Africa Company (of Cecil Rhodes) from 1891 until takeover by Britain in 1923. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964.

79. Tolerance.Org Teaching Tolerance While there are many indigenous Zambian words that translate into nation, people, clan, language Thus the bemba, Ngoni and the Lozi were http://www.tolerance.org/teach/printar.jsp?p=0&ar=213&pi=ttm

80. CMI * Chiapas * IMC - Noticias, 1 Página(s) before, among the rivers of people squeezed together. of foreigners, but most especially indigenous, had been television reality and even Radio bemba, word of http://chiapas.mediosindependientes.org/display.php3?article_id=298

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