81. Worldsurface.com - Sustainable Tourism For Backpackers And Independent Traveller are Arabic and the Bedawiye language of the beja. Ninety percent of these people live in the northern two each ethnic group has its own indigenous religion. http://www.worldsurface.com/browse/static.asp?staticpageid=232

82. Vitalog.com - Search By Location Ethnic groups black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 1% Religion Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25 search people who Born Died Burial. http://www.vitalog.com/cgi-bin/exploring/country.cgi?cod=1226&ctype=birth&sort=n

83. Sudan - Our Work Index  - Caritas Australia groups Black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, Foreign this time between the South (mainly indigenous and Christian fighters becoming the Sudan People s Liberation Army http://www.caritas.org.au/ourwork/where_sudan.htm

Where we work Africa Asia East Timor ... Take Action Sudan The Facts About Sudan What Caritas Australia is doing? Caritas Stories ... What can you do? The Facts Population: 37,090,300 (est. 2002) Capital: Khartoum Size: 2,505,810 sq km Languages: Arabic (official) by around 50% of population, also Darfurian (northern), Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Nubian, Sudanic languages Ethnic groups: Black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, Foreign Nationals 2%, other 1% Infant mortality: 67.1/1000 (est. 2002) Literacy: 46.1% (1995) Life expectancy: 57.3 years (est. 2002) Human Development Index: United Nation's Development Program 2000 Human Development Report places Sudan 143 out of 174 countries. The Human Development Index measures a country's achievements in terms of life expectancy, educational attainment and adjusted real income. About Sudan Located in Northern Africa, Sudan is the continent's largest country with three distinct geographical areas - barren deserts in the north, flatlands in the central region, and dense rainforests in the south. Sudan is roughly divided into an Arab and Islamic North and an African South. The influence of Christianity in South Sudan has spread since its introduction by missionaries during British colonial rule.

84. Worldstats: Providing Information About Our World! Small nomadic indigenous minorities have been mostly assimilated into the larger People sqlreflection0 24 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), beja (Bajah), Ben http://www.worldstats.org/world/tunisia.shtml

Home Countries Big Cities World ... Useful Links Tunisia Quick Overview: Geography: Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya Area: total: 163,610 sq km water: 8,250 sq km land: 155,360 sq km Land boundaries: total: 1,424 km border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km Elevation extremes: lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m Geography - note: strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration People: Population: 9,924,742 (July 2003 est.) Population growth rate: 1.09% (2003 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.4 years male: 72.77 years female: 76.15 years (2003 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.04% (2001 est.) Ethnic groups: Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1% Religions: Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1% Languages: Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)

85. Mali Resource - Anne E. Moncure Elementary School beja or Bedauye, spoken in eastern Sudan and northern script, although Arabic and an indigenous script have in southern Ethiopia by about 1.3 million people. http://hbogucki.staffnet.com/aemes/resource/mali/afroasia.htm

Afroasiatic Languages Also known as Hamito-Semitic languages, Afroasiatic languages are spoken by 175 million persons representing a wide range of cultures through most of the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, North Africa, and large portions of West Africa. The languages include Arabic and Hebrew. Afroasiatic is commonly divided into five main branches based on ancient roots: Egyptian, Semitic, Cushitic, Berber, and Chad. Omotic, formerly called West Cushitic, has recently been suggested as constituting a sixth branch. These languages differ in their particulars, and the exact relationship among the branches has not yet been established. Scholars postulate, however, that all are derived from an unknown ancestor language that was probably spoken in northeast Africa or the Sahara about the 6th millennium BC. Egyptian. Egyptian is the oldest attested language of the family and has the longest known continuous history. As a written language it proceeded in five distinct stages. The first threeOld Egyptian (c.3000 to c.2200 BC), Middle Egyptian (c.2200 to c.1200 BC), and Late or Neo-Egyptian (c.1300 to c.700 BC)were all written in Hieroglyphics. Demotic (c.700 BC to AD c.300) was written in a simplified cursive script based on hieroglyphics and spoken by early Christians. Coptic (from AD 300), written in an alphabet based on Greek and comprising many dialects, was still widely spoken in the 16th century and in some places possibly as late as the 19th century. One Coptic dialect, Bohairic, is now the liturgical language of the Christian Monophysite Coptic Church.

86. Sudan Studies Association, 22nd Meeting The people in these areas came to know and get the the study The study will throw light on beja of the despite that they are one of the indigenous groups that http://www.sudanstudies.org/panel4a.html

Panel #4A Current Disease Control Programs in Sudan and the Cross Border Issues Charles D Mackenzie, Magdi M Ali and Mamoun Homeida. The Academy of Medical Sciences, Khartoum, Sudan. Sudan is a country which has historically suffered from the most devastating of tropical infections. The geography, the various environmental stresses such as drought, weather extremes, together with the poor health infrastructure that has resulted from many years of civil disturbance and economic hardships, have led to the occurrence and persistence of some of the most devastating epidemic of disease known to Africa. Nevertheless, over the past ten years concerted efforts to implement control programs for at least three major tropical infections - river blindness, trachoma and lymphatic filariasis, have had a major positive effect on redeveloping health services for the most severely affected group of Sudanese, those in the rural areas. This paper will review these programs, the effect they have in rebuilding health infrastructure in depressed and ignored areas of Sudan, including those areas under war conditions. The role of cross border migration as well as intra-country migration due to the civil disturbances will be documented and discussed. Health is a most important component to a community's survival and is thus a central factor in rebuilding and developing those areas of Sudan that are in great need. A plan for the involvement of health programs in the near future as Sudan redevelops will be presented and its relationship to similar program in bordering countries discussed. The need to integrate health programs with other components of development, such as external aid programs, NGDOs, agriculture, community development and the like.

87. Joseph Kenny OP: THE SPREAD OF ISLAM..., Ch. 2 and spiritual life, and from the indigenous character of the and has been close to the culture of the people. drifted south into Nobatia and pagan beja to the http://www.diafrica.org/nigeriaop/kenny/nwafr/A02.htm

CHAPTER  2 ISLAM MEETS CHRISTIANITY IN NORTHEASTAFRICA Contacts during the life of Muhammad Africa touches Arabia in the north at the Sinai peninsula over which a land route passed before the construction of the Suez canal.It also comes within 24 kilometers of the Arabian peninsula at Bâb al-Mandab, at the entrance of the Red Sea, and various ports on the Red Sea facilitate passage from one side to the other. In view of the closeness of East Africa to Arabia, the people of the two regions shared a lot in common. Migration of peoples of both regions was common; Ethiopic is a Semitic language allied with the Southern Arabian Sabaean or Himyarite tongue.Besides linguistic and cultural links, trade was important.  Egypt imported large quantities of incense and spices from Arabia, and long before the time of Christ operated copper and turquoise mines in Sinai. From the second or third century A.D. Ethiopia laid claim to parts of southern Arabia, and occupied part of Yemen from 340 to 378.  Judaism was spreading into the area and the Yemen king As c ad Kâmil (c. 385-420) embraced the Jewish faith. Christianity also entered these territories, and around 500 the region of Najrân adopted this faith as a result of the preaching of Faymiyûn, a Syrian monophysite.

88. Drylands - Pastoral Resources And The Commons of international development support to beja pastoralists after is dependent on respect for indigenous rights and future participation of local people in the http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/pastoralres.html

Updated 15 January, 2004 Advanced Search Many of our publications are directly downloadable in the Adobe Portable Document Format. If your web browser is not equipped to read PDF files, you can download free reader software for a range of computers from Adobe Systems Incorporated. To open a Publications Pastoral Resources and the Commons The Drylands Programme has an active programme of research and networking on pastoral land tenure issues. Publications include the Securing the Commons Series, the Pastoral Land Tenure Series and the Pastoral Land Tenure Monographs. Papers are available free to non-OECD readers, and may be ordered from the drylands programme ( drylands@iied.org ) and the latest issues may be downloaded following the links below. Securing the Commons Series Social Inclusion: a pre-requisite for equitable and sustainable natural resource management: two experiences in Mali Securing the Commons No. 7

89. Sudan - Wikitravel HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 186,000 (1998). Ethnic groups black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 2 Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25 http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Sudan

Wikitravel Main Page About Help ... Log in The Free Travel Guide Printable version Sudan From Wikitravel, the free travel guide. Flag Quick Facts Capital Khartoum Government authoritarian regime - ruling military junta took power in 1989; government is run by an alliance of the military and the National Congress Party (NCP), formerly the National Islamic Front (NIF), which espouses an Islamist platform Currency Sudanese dinar (SDD) Area total: 2,505,810 sq km water: 129,810 sq km land: 2.376 million sq km Population 37,090,298 (July 2002 est.) Language Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English note: program of "Arabization" in process Religion Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum) This article is an import from the CIA World Factbook 2002. It's a starting point for creating a real Wikitravel country article according to our country article template . Please plunge forward and edit it. Military dictatorships favoring an Islamic-oriented government have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan has been embroiled in a civil war for all but 10 years of this period (1972-82). Since 1983, the war and war- and famine-related effects have led to more than 2 million deaths and over 4 million people displaced. The war pits the Arab/Muslim majority in Khartoum against the non-Muslim African rebels in the south. Since 1989, traditional northern Muslim parties have made common cause with the southern rebels and entered the war as a part of an anti-government alliance.

90. Country Reports population (9,300,886 male; 9,290,340 female) people ages 65 groups black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25 http://www.classbrain.com/cb_cr/geos/su.html

Home 1st - 3rd Grade State Reports Country Reports Mission Reports Freedom Files Kids Freedom Files Movies in the Classroom Games Monthy Grab Bag Teens ClassBrain Store Corporate Information Facts by Country Sudan click to enlarge Search the Library of Congress for more info on: Sudan Include word variants Use only words as entered. Sudan Introduction [Top of Page] Background: Military dictatorships promulgating an Islamic government have mostly run the country since independence from the UK in 1956. Over the past two decades, a civil war pitting black Christians and animists in the south against the Arab-Muslims of the north has cost at least 1.5 million lives in war and famine-related deaths, as well as the displacement of millions of others. Geography [Top of Page] Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 30 00 E

91. List Of Keywords Beginning With E 1918 (germany) eagles 2 beja municipality (portugal flag (east germany) people s solidarity 1949 historical flags ecuador indigenous flags ecuador http://www.z6.com/z6files/z6files/fotw/flags/keyworde.html

E List of keywords beginning with E Last modified: Keywords: web index keywords Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors Keywords beginning with a b c d ... z e pluribus unum sport lisboa e benfica (portugal) eagle (black) alandroal municipality (portugal) albufeira municipality (portugal) beja municipality (portugal) buenos aires city (argentina) ... war ensigns and other naval flags 1817-1867 (prussia, germany) eagle (blue) county of örebro (sweden) eagle (brown) artsakh (nagorno-karabakh) mexican empire mexican empire mexican empire ... mexico - flag laws eagle (double-headed) people's republic of albania: other ensigns eagle (gold) air defense command (japan) electorate of brandenburg 1356-1701 (germany) flags of the air force 1933-1945 (germany) flags of the navy 1933-1945 (germany) ... reichsmarschall 1940-1945 (germany) eagle (golden) sport lisboa e benfica (portugal) eagle (grey) districts of the nsdap (germany) national leadership corps of the nsdap (germany) national socialist women association (nsdap, germany) naval- and cavalry-sa command flags (nsdap, germany) ... ss command and other car flags (nsdap) eagle (orange) kranj (civic municipality, slovenia)

92. The Berber Project (2 Of 9) are genetically closely related to the beja, a people part the ancestors of the Germanic people (Owen, 23 MacKie, 162), it was an indigenous development, not http://www.talossa.net/files/kingdom/berb2.html

The Berber Project (c) R. Ben Madison, M.A. Chapter 2: Yabba Dabba Doo. Our ancestors the Berbers are part of the great Afro-Asiatic family of peoples, who are divided among some 240 language groups, spread across the northern third of Africa, from Morocco and Mauritania on the Atlantic seaboard to Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia on the east coast. In addition, languages of the Semitic branch (including Hebrew and Arabic) are spoken in many countries of the Middle East. There are approximately 175 million speakers of Afro-Asiatic languages, and of those, some 12,000,000 speak an estimated two or three hundred Berber dialects, in about a dozen North African countries: Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad (Map 1). The Guanches, Berber natives of the Canary Islands, have lost their language and identity after centuries of Spanish oppression. The Berber peoples themselves have been described as "Irish-looking" (Hart, 45). Oddly for a Mediterranean people, they often exhibit light skin, blue, green, grey or hazel eyes, freckles, and blond hair (Hart, 342f). Genetically they are Caucasoid (Cavalli-Sforza, 165). Gabriel Camps, perhaps the world's leading expert on North African prehistory, states that efforts to claim Black ancestry for the Berbers are "souvent exagérés" (Camps 1974, 158ff). Nevertheless, "proving" that Berbers were Black has for some reason become a major preoccupation of the so-called "Afrocentric" pseudo-historians (Lefkowitz, 30ff), much of whose 'research' borders on functional illiteracy. Example: "The Berbers are a mixed race of Arabs [sic!] who live in North Africa. They originally came from Northern Asia [sic!], India [sic!] and the Caucasus [sic!]..." (Van Sertima, 251). Northern Asia? Maybe they made it to America over the Bering Straits.

93. Tunisia SuttonLink Factsheet Former Name, Tunisia (present population from indigenous Berbers and of people who have 24 governorates Ariana (Aryanah), beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin Arus http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/suttonlink/tu_fct.html

Tunisia This Page was last updated on the 12th. April, 2004. Return to the Country Index Page Country Tunisia Official Name Republic of Tunisia (Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah) Former Name Tunisia (present population from indigenous Berbers and of people who have invaded and migrated; recorded history begins with arrival of Phoenicians in 8th century BC; Carthage became major sea power until captured by Romans in 146 BC; Romans ruled North Africa until [fall of Roman Empire and being invaded by European tribes] in 5th century; Muslim conquest in 7th century; migration from Arab and Ottoman world to end of 15th century; became centre of Arab culture and learning, assimilated into Turkish Ottoman Empire in 16th century; French protectorate between 1881-1956.) Capital Tunis Main Towns Ariana, Bardo, Bizerta, Djerba, Gabes, Kairounan, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis Subdivisions 24 governorates: Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan) .

94. AFRICA africa, the name of a continent representing the largest of the three great southward projections from the main mass of the earth's surface. It includ On this account South africa has a general http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/A/AF/AFRICA.htm

AFRICA AFRICA , the name of a continent representing the largest of the three great southward projections from the main mass of the earth's surface. It includes within its remarkably regular outline an area, according to the most recent computations, of 11,262,000 sq. m., excluding the islands.1 Separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea, it is joined to Asia at its N.E. extremity by the Isthmus of Suez, 80 m. wide. From the most northerly point, Ras ben Sakka, a little west of Cape Blanc, in 37 21' N., to the most southerly point, Cape Agulhas, 34 51' 15" S., is a distance approximately of 5000 m.; from Cape Verde, 17 33' 22" W., the westernmost point, to Ras Hafun, 51 27' 52" E., the most easterly projection, is a distance (also approximately) of 4600 m. The length of coast-line is 16,100 m. and the absence of deep indentations of the shore is shown by the fact that Europe, which covers only 3,760,000 sq. m., has a coast-line of 19,800 m. I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY The main structural lines of the continent show both the east-to-west direction characteristic, at least in the eastern hemisphere, of the more northern parts of the world, and the north-to-south direction seen in the southern peninsulas. Africa is thus composed of two segments at right angles, the northern running from east to west, the southern from north to south, the subordinate lines corresponding in the main to these two directions. Main Orographical Features.The mean elevation of the con-1 With the islands, 11,498,000 sq. m.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 5     81-94 of 94    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5