61. ZNet | Africa | The Forgotten Conflicts In Sudan describes how Sudan displaced the beja to provide the British were trying to use indigenous power structures the question arises, what are people fighting for? http://www.zmag.org/content/print_article.cfm?itemID=5148§ionID=2

62. John & Kernick - IP In Africa - Sudan - Fact Sheet HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS NA. Ethnic groups Black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners Religions Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25 http://www.johnandkernick.co.za/JK_IP_Africa/Sudan/JK_IPA_SU_FactSheet.htm

SUDAN - FACT SHEET Background Military dictatorships promulgating an Islamic government have mostly run the country since independence from the UK in 1956. Over the past two decades, a civil war pitting black Christians and animists in the south against the Arab-Muslims of the north has cost at least 1.5 million lives in war- and famine-related deaths, as well as the displacement of millions of others. Geography Location : Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea Surface Area : 2,505,810 sq km ( water: 129,810 sq km) Climate: Tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season (April to October) Terrain: Generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west Natural resources: Petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower Coastline and Maritime Claims: 853 km, contiguous zone : 18 NM, continental shelf : 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea : 12 NM Land use: Arable land permanent crops permanent pastures forests and woodland other : 30% (1993 est.)

63. The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles retain no traces of the original indigenous population of 1995) 28,098,500 (2000) 32,078,700; Major peoples in size Arab 13% Gaaliin 6.6% Guhayna 3.1% beja 3%; http://www.ksafe.com/profiles/p_code4/1729.html

Prayer Profile The Hamar of Sudan The Hamar of Sudan are part of a larger group known as the Hammer-Banna. The Hammer-Banna, in turn, belong to a group of culturally very distinctive peoples known collectively as the Sidamo. Though racially very mixed, the Sidamo retain no traces of the original indigenous population of the area. Authorities agree that they contain elements of both the Caucasian and Negro races. The Hammer-Banna are primarily herdsmen who inhabit the highlands east of the Omo River and north of Lake Turkana in southwestern Ethiopia . This area, called the Lower Omo region, has remained one of the most inaccessible and least developed parts of East Africa. The Hammer-Banna consist of two separate ethnic groups (Hamer and Banna) that speak virtually the same language. They call themselves by their group name (either Hamer or Banna). Most of the Hammer-Banna in Ethiopia speak Hamer-Banna, but those in Sudan speak Baggari. What are their lives like? The Hamar of Sudan are primarily herdsmen. Their herds consist mainly of cattle, though there are some herds of sheep and goats. Camels are used for riding and as pack animals. Most Hamar also grow sorghum, the staple crop, and some plant sesame and beans. The crops are usually left unattended; thus, yields are low and insufficient. The Hamar live in camps that consist of several related families. The families live in tents arranged in a circle, and the cattle are brought into the center of the camp at night. When the campsite is being set up, beds for the women and young children are built first; then the tent frame is built around it. The tents are constructed with flexible poles set in the ground in a circular pattern. The poles are bent upward, joining at the top, then tied. The structures are covered with thatch during the dry season and canvas mats during the rainy season. Men and older boys usually sleep on cots in the center of the camp, near the cattle.

64. Ancient Egyptians - The Descendents Of Ham They are the indigenous people of this area, and we first know of them in historical The beja people are an ancient Cushitic people closely kin to the http://www.geocities.com/wally_mo/reference.html

The Descendents of Ham Hamite 1. a descendant of Ham. Gen. 10:1, 6-10. 2. a member of any of various peoples of northern and eastern Africa, usually divided into two branches: 1. Eastern Branch— Ancient and Modern Egyptians (excluding the Arabs), Nubians, Beja, Ethiopians, Oromo (Galla), Afar (Danakil), Somali, Masai, Watusi. 2. Northern Branch— Berbers of the Mediterranean-Atlantic and Sahara, Tibbu, Fulani (Peul), Guanches (extinct). Hamitic The Hamitic subfamily is generally considered to include ancient Egyptian (see Egyptian language) and its descendant, Coptic; the Berber languages; and the Cushitic languages. Ancient Egyptian and Coptic are extinct. Some linguists also place the Chad languages within the Hamitic subfamily. Those Hamitic tongues are or were spoken in N Africa, much of the Sahara, the Horn of E Africa, and parts of central and W Africa. They were named after Ham, the second son of the biblical Noah, whose descendants supposedly were the original speakers of the Hamitic languages. Berbers (?)

65. The Horn Of Africa Bulletin, March/April '95 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA africaN STUDIES CENTER. The Horn of africa Bulletin, March/April '95. Introduction. H O R N O F A F R I C A B U L L E T I N Vol.7 No.2 Mar-Apr 95. EDITORIAL PRINCIPLES Business; AC - africa Confidential; AED - africa Economic Digest via Bulletin; APS - africa Press Service; AR - africa Report; ARN allowing for an indigenous leadership to emerge and http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Newsletters/menu_Hab395.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER The Horn of Africa Bulletin, March/April '95 Introduction H O R N O F A F R I C A B U L L E T I N Vol.7 No.2 Mar-Apr 95 EDITORIAL PRINCIPLES The Horn of Africa Bulletin (HAB) is an international media review, compiling and recording news and comments on the Horn of Africa. Reports published in HAB represent a variety of published sources and do not necessarily represent the views of the editors. Readers are always referred to the original sources for complete versions. When HAB uses a secondary source, the secondary source is given first, followed by the primary source in square brackets. Some items are re-titled to best reflect the content of chosen excerpts. Sections marked with "/HAB/" are introductions or comments made by the editors. Square brackets are used to indicate changes/ additions made by the editors. (Square brackets appearing within a secondary source may also indicate changes made by a previous editor.) Note of Thanks: We are particularly indebted to our readers for their contributions and to our sources for their invaluable cooperation.

66. Abst in the Khors and to integrate beja conservation laws and to focus on the issues of indigenous knowledge, land tenure and the health of pastoralist people. http://www.penhanetwork.org/abst.htm

The North-East Rangelands Development Project(NERDU) The Current Situation in the Horn of Africa: Statements from the Uppsala Forum Researcher: Z. Fre, Ref No: 016 Funding Source: SIAS, Uppsala In the region as a whole there are at present a number of problems which need to be addressed: food security, environmental degradation, economic stagnation, and the question of displaced people. Eritrea and Ethiopia are moving towards resolving their differences and have begun cooperating with each other. The task of reconstruction and rehabilitation is immense but both peoples are willing to work together. Nevertheless, the question of democratic nation building needs to be faced. This will include building secular states in an area where fundamentalism has a strong influence, resettling refugees, reestablishing a viable economy. The end of the war in Eritrea and Ethiopia is already affecting other countries. Sudan now recognises both administrations. One would wish to see this example of conflict resolution being followed by others. Land Use Planning in Eritrea.

67. LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST XHOSA LINKS Nomadic Tribes Two groups of indigenous people were said the Gamtoos River The Khoisan people no longer Armenian Azerbaijani Bakundu Basque* beja Bemba Bengali http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-xhosa.htm

language links XHOSA HOME THE BEST LINKS GUARANTEE Unlike many other web sites related to languages, only serious and useful sites are listed here. If you know a really good site for learning this language do email us GENERAL LINKS (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) XHOSA picasso.wcape.school.za/subject/xhosa/xhoshome.htm (AltaVista, Excite) XHOSA. WCSN Home Page. General Subject Index. WWW search. Sabelo's Isixhosa Home Page. Second Language. Std 6 Writing Evenkileni yempahla (dialogue) Ndim.. The Xhosa Virtual Resourse Network www.saol.co.za/xhosa/welcome.htm The Heritage Virtual Resource Network is the holding Organisation[Network] which steers and oversee all the networks within this domain.It is in this regard that The Heritage Virtual Resource Network announces the soon to be launching networks in its domain. These include the current Xhosa Network, the Sotho Network, the Afrikan Network and the Zulu Network will follow later after that. www.cyberserv.co.za/users/~jako/lang/xho.htm (Snap, Excite) South African Language: XHOSA VADA Software Talen V - Z www.vada.nl/softtvz.htm

68. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents northern Kordofan, a camelraising people; the Jaalin Kordofan and Darfur; the Hamitic beja in the the Sudanese practice mainly indigenous, traditional beliefs http://www.traveldocs.com/sd/people.htm

Sudan Africa PEOPLE In Sudan's 1981 census, the population was calculated at 21 million. Current estimates range to 25 million. The population of metropolitan Khartoum (including Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North) is growing, and ranges from 3-4 million, including over 1 million displaced persons from the southern war zone. Sudan has two distinct cultures-Arab and black African-and effective collaboration between them is a major problem. The five northern regions cover most of Sudan and include most urban centers. Most of the estimated 18 million Sudanese who live in this area are Arabic-speaking Muslims. Among these are several distinct tribal groups; the Kababish of northern Kordofan, a camel-raising people; the Jaalin and Shaigiyya groups of settled tribes living along rivers; the semi-nomadic Baggara of Kordofan and Darfur; the Hamitic Beja in the Red Sea area and Nubians of the northern Nile area, some of whom have been resettled on the Atbara River; and the Negroid Nuba of southern Kordofan and Fur in the western reaches of the country. The southern region has a population of about 4-6 million and a predominantly rural, subsistence economy. Here the Sudanese practice mainly indigenous, traditional beliefs, although Christian missionaries have converted some. The south also contains many tribal groups and uses many more languages than the north. The Dinka (pop. 1 million or more) is the largest of the many black African tribes in Sudan. Along with the Shilluk and the Nuer, they are among the Nilotic tribes. The Azande, Bor, and Jo Luo are "Sudanic" tribes in the west, and the Acholi and Lotuhu live in the extreme south, extending into Uganda.

69. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents PEOPLE groups Tigrinya 50%, Tigre 31.4%, Saho 5%, Afar 5%, beja 2.5%, Bilen 2.1 5%. Religions Christian 50%, mostly Orthodox, Muslim 48%, indigenous beliefs 2 http://www.traveldocs.com/er/people.htm

Eritrea Africa PEOPLE Eritrea's population comprises nine ethnic groups, most of which speak Semitic or Cushitic languages. The Tigrinya and Tigre make up four-fifths of the population and speak different, but related and somewhat mutually intelligible, Semitic languages. In general, most of the Christians live in the highlands, while Muslims and adherents of traditional beliefs live in the lowland regions. Tigrinya and Arabic are the most frequently used languages for commercial and official transactions, but English is widely spoken and is the language used for secondary and university education. Nationality: Noun and adjectiveEritrean(s). Population (2002 est.): 3.9 million. Annual growth rate: Ethnic groups: Tigrinya 50%, Tigre 31.4%, Saho 5%, Afar 5%, Beja 2.5%, Bilen 2.1%, Kunama 2%, Nara 1.5%, and Rashaida .5%. Religions: Christian 50%, mostly Orthodox, Muslim 48%, indigenous beliefs 2%.

70. The True Identity Of The Ancient Egyptians in the sense that the people indigenous to Egypt stated that Mexicans were predominately indigenous with European indistinguishable from the modern beja of the http://boards.brownpride.com/showflat.php?Cat=&Board=social&Number=950575&page=0

71. Sudan : Geography, People, Policy, Government, Economy... HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 186,000 (1998 Ethnic groups black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 2 Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25 http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/infopays/wfb.php3?CODEPAYS=SDN&PAYS=Sudan

72. Nomad - Encyclopedia Article About Nomad. Free Access, No Registration Needed. W used to refer to nonArab groups as well, notably the beja of the Moors The Moors is the ancient name for the indigenous nomadic Berber people in North http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/nomad

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Nomad Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. Many cultures have been traditionally nomadic, but nomadic behaviour is increasingly rare in industrialised countries. Typically there are two kinds of nomad, pastoral nomads and peripatetic nomads. Pastoralists raise herds and move with them so as not to deplete pasture beyond recovery in any one area. Peripatetic nomads are more common in industrialised nations travelling from place to place offering a trade wherever they go. Nomadic people in industrialized nations: Roma and Sinti The Roma (singular Rom ), commonly known and to them, pejoratively as Gypsies , are a traditionally nomadic people who originated in northern India but currently live worldwide, chiefly in Europe. Most Roma speak some form of Romany, a language closely related to the modern Indo-European languages of northern India. Their principal occupations over the centuries have been as itinerant peddlers, metal workers and horse dealers.

73. Welcome To SudanTribune... in the Darfur region of western Sudan led to the deaths of several thousand people and the It notes that indigenous groups such as the beja Congress, the http://www.sudantribune.com/article_impr.php3?id_article=1761

74. Sudan - Countrywatch.com Kordofan and Darfur; the Hamitic beja in the Here the Sudanese practice mainly indigenous, traditional beliefs percent of economically active people are engaged http://aol.countrywatch.com/aol_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=162&SECTION=SOCIAL&TOPIC=CLPE

75. Race And Ethnicity Analysis - BloodBook.com, Blood Information For Life RACIAL and/or ETHNIC ANALYSIS of PEOPLE GROUPS. Mozambique, indigenous tribal groups 99.6% (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 2 http://www.bloodbook.com/race-eth.html

RACE and ETHNICITY ANALYSIS BLOODBOOK.COM THIS PAGE PRESENTS PERCENTAGE DETAILS OF INDIVIDUAL ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES SEPARATED BY COUNTRY. TO HOME PAGE CLOSE WINDOW Racial and Ethnic Distribution of Blood Types African American Black Blood Donor Emergency COUNTRY RACIAL and/or ETHNIC ANALYSIS of PEOPLE GROUPS Afghanistan Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Andorra Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3% Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Antigua black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian (see Barbuda) Argentina European 97% (mostly of Spanish and Italian descent), 3% other (mostly Indian or Mestizo) Armenia Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) Note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia

76. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results groups Black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%. Principal of the Sudan Jumhuriyat as Sudan People Population 31,065,229 Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 18%, Muslim 16 http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_almanacs

77. Sudan Products And Arabic, Bari, Beja, Dinka, Fur, Lotuko, Nubian, Nuer, Shilluk People. Ethnic groups black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1 Religions Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly http://www.worldlanguage.com/Countries/Sudan.htm

view this site in If you can't find it here, you can't find it anywhere! Home Help Contact Us Privacy ... Checkout Super Bargains Academic Computers / Notebooks Dictionary ESL-English as Second Language Games Gift Items! Handheld Dictionary Karaoke Keyboard Stickers Keyboards Kids Learn Microsoft Office Microsoft Windows Movies/Videos Software - Mac Software - Windows Spell Checking Translation More... Sudan Send this page to a friend! Languages 10 languages are spoken in Sudan. We have 311 products available for 8 of those languages. Arabic Bari Beja Dinka ... Zande Capital: Khartoum Population: Geography Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 30 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 2,505,810 sq km land: 2.376 million sq km water : 129,810 sq km Area - comparative: slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US Land boundaries: total : 7,687 km border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km Coastline: 853 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone : 18 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season (April to October)

78. Plight Of A People Dispossessed Like any indigenous people in the Sudan, the Nuba then solicited the support of the beja in Eastern capital were 390,000, the Westerners (people from Western http://leden.tref.nl/~ende0098/pages/information/Plight.htm

The Nuba Information Home The Nuba: the plight of a people dispossessed Omer M Shurkian Paris, 22nd April, 2000 Where does the word Nuba come from? The term Nuba is linked with an ancient Egyptian word, nub, meaning 'gold'. It is possible that the ancient Egyptians, being aware that there were gold mines in this country, applied the name 'nub' to the whole of the region South of Aswan. The Copts, the descendants of ancient Egyptians, gave the name 'Anouba' (Anobades) to the people dwelling South of Aswan. Then the Arabs called them 'an-Nuba'.(1) During their chequered history in Northern Sudan, these Nubian people built a civilization and renowned kingdoms - namely, Nobatia, Makuria and Alodia - along the Nile, and as far as the present day Khartoum. The gnawing raids by Arabs from Egypt since 652 AD and the collapse of the Kingdom of Alwa (Alodia) within signaled the loss of Nubian independence, which they had been enjoying for centuries. Because of these foreign and internal factors, the Nubian people abandoned their original habitat and migrated southward and westward, covering both Northern and Southern Kordofan. The pressure of arabisation and islamisation was too much for those who settled in Northern Kordofan - namely, the desert hills - to resist, and they are now almost assimilated into Northern Arabo-Islamic culture. The land and the people:

79. IK Monitor 4(3) Article People in both the North (Fisher, 1995) and and water conservation among settling beja nomads in Warren, DM (1991) Using indigenous knowledge in agricultural http://www.nuffic.nl/ciran/ikdm/4-3/articles/dijk.html

Scientific knowledge and indigenous perceptions of area, weight and space Anne Alexander and Dr Johan van Dijk Fieldwork experiences in Sudan and Burkina Faso show that indigenous measures of space and quantity differ from those of local extension workers. This contribution to the discussion argues that what is needed to facilitate the mutual acceptance of indigenous knowledge and scientific/academic knowledge are protocols to check the validity of data before placing them in such highly formalized knowledge contexts as GIS, as well as a new approach to extension techniques. Indigenous knowledge is often seen as the antipode of scientific knowledge. Previous work, which has centred on the complementary nature of knowledge systems (Richards, 1985), approaches to linking them up (Chambers et al., 1991), and studies focusing on their social interfaces (Long, 1989) have occasionally tended to reinforce this notion of differentness. The question of whether indigenous and scientific knowledge can be considered separate entities is currently the subject of renewed debate (cf. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor 3(3) and 4(1)). We concur with a number of the contributors to these two volumes that differences between these knowledge systems can be discerned. The most important of these are related to how indigenous or scientific knowledge is acquired (lived experience versus formal training), and how that knowledge is used on a day-to-day basis (local versus non-local applications). In both the North and the South, indigenous knowledge is increasingly regarded as a precious resource (Warren, 1991; Buttimer et al., 1991:3-9). However, that knowledge needs to be formalised, since it is essentially of a fragmentary and provisional nature (Arce and Long, 1992:211). It is in this formalisation phase that problems with respect to the application of indigenous knowledge are most likely to arise. This type of knowledge is still not as well known as the coded and circulated objective language and the printed products of scientific discourse. Experiments in Sudan and Burkina Faso focusing on indigenous perceptions of area, weight and space illustrate these problems.

80. Worldsurface.com - Sustainable Tourism For Backpackers And Independent Traveller the result of the admixture of the indigenous preIslamic The Egyptian beja are divided into two tribes—the Both the Ababdah and Bisharin people are nomadic http://www.worldsurface.com/browse/static.asp?staticpageid=80

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