1. International Mission Board - Praying - CompassionNet Bedouin of Northern africa. beja of Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea Hutzul of Western Ukraine. indigenous peoples of the Caribbean Basin. indigenous peoples of Venezuela http://www.imb.org/CompassionNet/PeopleGroups.asp

Subscribe About us Contact us Questions ... Praying Prayer Search by People Group Select the people group for which you want to view prayer items. Also, you may select the maximum age of prayer items to be displayed. Please note that if a particular people group does not appear in the choice list, it means there are no active prayer items for that people group. People Group: **Select a People Group** Acehnese of Indonesia Adeni Arabs of Yemen Afar of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti African of South Trinidad Alawite of the Middle East Albanian Gheg of Southern Europe amaXhosa of South Africa Amhara of Ethiopia Ancash Quechua of Peru Anii of Benin and Togo Arabs in Latin America Aragonese of Spain Arakanese of Myanmar Armenian People of Armenia Asheninka of Peru Asian Indians of East Africa Awadhi of India Ayizo of Benin Aymara of Bolivia Baganda of Uganda Bahasa-Speaking Tribals of Southeast Asia Bambara of Mali Banyankore of Uganda Banyoro of Uganda Barabaig of Tanzania Basoga of Uganda Basotho of Lesotho and South Africa Basque of Spain and France Batangueno of the Philippines Batonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe Bedouin of Northern Africa Beja of Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea

2. The Head Heeb: Africa - Politics And Law Archives jonathan at 0836 PM in africa Politics and Law Court of Human and peoples' Rights and the Inter-American region, particularly by the indigenous beja people - who are Muslims http://headheeb.blogmosis.com/archives/cat_africa_politics_and_law.html

The Head Heeb June 04, 2004 Court in session The first trial at the Special Court for Sierra Leone got under way today. In a controversial move, the first three defendants to go before the court are former members of the Sierra Leone government (including the former defense minister whose motion to dismiss was recently denied ) rather than the Revolutionary United Front , and the trial will focus on the atrocities of the government-affiliated Kamajor militia. The first trial of the RUF, which is accused of atrocities at least as serious including widespread mutilations and murders, will begin in July. Posted by jonathan at 11:17 AM in Africa - Politics and Law Comments (0) TrackBack June 03, 2004 Punishment without crime A divided panel of the Special Court for Sierra Leone has held that recruiting child soldiers is a crime - with one of the world's foremost human rights figures dissenting. The dissent by Appeals Chamber Judge Geoffrey Robertson may seem surprising at first glance, but its logic becomes apparent from the fact that the decision turned on exactly when such recruitment became criminal.

3. Ethno-Net Database State relationships among the Hadendowa beja of eastern Sudan". Nomadic peoples vol. 5, no Land rights of minorities and indigenous peoples". Eastern africa Law Review vol http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/data/africa/articles.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA DATABASE Benin Cameroon Chad ... Zambia General Bibliogr. Bibliographie / Bibliography Books / Livres Articles Edited Books / Ouvrages Collectifs Articles in edited Books Articles dans ouvrages collectifs Non Published Papers; Dissertations... ARTICLES - A - Abbink, J. Abdullahi, Ahmed Nasir M. Acheampong, Kenneth Asamoa. "Human rights and the African renaissance" African Journal of Political Science 5, 1:105-123. Adejumobi, Said. "Negotiating space for rural communities? : market orthodoxy and the changing concept of social welfare services in Africa" African Journal of Political Science vol. 5, no. 1:29-45. Adekanye, J. 'Bayo. "Structural adjustment, democratization and rising ethnic tensions in Africa". Development and Change 26, 2: 355-374.

4. IPACC - Regional Information: Horn Of Africa and foreign agencies aware of the rights of indigenous peoples. in this regard, but until the indigenous civil society is The beja camel herders are part of a http://www.ipacc.org.za/regional/regional.asp?Region=Horn_of_Africa

5. AFRICA! For Girl Scouts JUMP to peoples of africa. OAU ( Organization for african Unity black 52%, Arab 39%, beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1 People (World Fact Book) indigenous african tribes 95% (including http://coy.ne.client2.attbi.com/AFRICA-GS.html

AFRICA! For Girl Scouts by Sandy Coy Like this site? Visit Sandy's World of Girl Scouting and Scout Village AFRICA! For Girl Scouts Jump to Regions: North East West ... South Jump to Topics JUMP to Peoples of Africa OAU Organization for African Unity) Country Profile Links = WAGGGS Member V V Algeria (North) Angola (South) ... Zimbabwe Topics AFRICAN GUIDES/SCOUT INFORMATION NOTABLE PEOPLE OF AFRICA ACTIVE LEARNING SITES CRAFTS ... FOOD MULTI-COUNTRY RESOURCES FOR AFRICA this is empty Africa Focus: database for sights and sounds of a continent Africa for Visitors Comprehensive travel info about Africa. African Studies - Country-specific pages (Univ. of Penn.) Anthems of the World (by country) Birds of the World (by country) Charities serving Africa ... WWW Links for Africa AFRICAN GUIDES/SCOUT INFORMATION NOTABLE PEOPLE OF AFRICA WAGGGS Africa Region - List of Member Organizations WAGGGS Arab Region - List of Member Organizations World Guiding Guide Zone ideas ( Africa Region Index of Activities More Ideas for African Activities Other resources ... Dr. Christian Barnard (heart surgeon) LANGUAGE 1000 Languages of Africa (kid-friendly site) Burundi and Tanzania (Bantu people of East Africa): Swahili Egypt: Ethiopia Ethiopic language - general resources ... Decode the Message Nubia: Use the ancient Nubian alphabet to decode a message "There is no modern political entity called Nubia. The area known by this term lies today partly in Egypt and partly in the Republic of the Sudan. A large portion of the northern part of ancient Nubia currently lies submerged under the reservoir formed behind Egypt's High Dam at Aswan."-

6. B2Bmine.com 4801 Page Of Indexed Sites. Translate this page africa, america, asia, centroamerica, cocina, completa, europa Muslim, dinka, nuer, nubian, beja, sudanese arabs An indigenous peoples founded non-profit US 501(c http://www.b2bmine.com/z-b2bsl04/b2b_yg_bl_04801.html

www.achim1604.claranet.de Details: mitt, Susi Boxberg.. Indexed as: achim, afrika, ausruuml, berichten, boxberg, motorrad, motorradreise, reisebericht, reiseberichte, reiseseiten, russland, schmitt, sibirien, susi, trans-afrika, transafrika, vladivostok, vladiwostok, wladiwostok, zweizeit www.tiresias.org Details: Information resource for people working in the field of visual disabilities Tiresias, Visual Impairment, Blind, Professionals, Information, Resource, Visually, Disabled, Disability, International Information, Professional Information Indexed as: blind, disabilities, disability, disabled, field, impairment, information, international, people, professional, professionals, resource, tiresias, visual, visually, working www.bpb.de Details: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, bpb, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, , politische Bildung, Politik, Politiklexikon, Innenpolitik, Wahlen, Politikverdrossenheit, Zuwanderung, Rechtsextremismus, Sozialversicherung, internationale Politik, Europäische Union, EU, Osterweiterung, Naher Osten, 11. September, Terrorismus, Globalisierung, En twicklungspolitik, Geschichte, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD, Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR, Deutsche Einheit, Weimarer Republik, Nationalsozialismus, politische Grundfragen, Demokratie, Grundwerte, Moral, Menschenrechte, Gesellschaft, Wissensgesellschaft, Generationsbeziehungen, Gewalt und Prävention, Islam, Kultur, Jugendkultur, Kulturpolitik, Theater, Film, Wirtschaft, Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Soziale Marktwirtschaft, New Economy, Medien, E-Democracy, geistiges Eigentum, Methodik, Didaktik..

7. Horn Of Africa religion.? In much of the region, indigenous customs remain Its Muslim peoples do no speak Arabic and never customary codes.? Some, like the beja in Sudan http://www.law.emory.edu/IFL/region/hornofafrica.html

Horn of Africa The Region and its History Legal Practices and Institutions Seclusion of Women / Purdah t ... Family in the Region (Marriage, Dowry and brideprice, Divorce, Polygyny, Custody of children, Inheritance/ Land Rights) References Links to legal datasheets for countries in this region. Ethiopia I Somalia I Sudan I eastern Chad Horn of Africa The Region and its History  Muslim Arab traders and settlers began pushing south from Egypt into northern Sudan in the seventh century. They settled into the area and began intermarrying with the local population The Muslim traders who came to the region were generally wealthy, and marrying into their families carried with it a great deal of prestige. Over time Islam and the Arabic language also became firmly established in the north. However, Islam spread quite slowly into the interior of the Sudan, only reaching the western and central regions around the fifteenth century. In the nineteenth century, Sudan fell under the colonial domination of Egypt and Britain. It gained independence in 1954.

8. Ababda - Encyclopedia Article About Ababda. Free Access, No Registration Needed. to refer to any nonWestern or indigenous society The Berber peoples of North africa, for example, though the middle ages they were known as beja, and convoyed http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Ababda

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Ababda Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The Ababda (the Gebadei of Pliny Gaius Plinius Secundus , (23 - 79) better known as Pliny the Elder , an ancient important author and scientist who wrote Naturalis Historia He was the son of a Roman eques by the daughter of the senator Gaius Caecilius of Novum Comum. He was born at Como, not (as is sometimes supposed) at Verona: it is only as a native of Gallia Transpadana that he calls Catullus of Verona his conterraneus, or fellow-countryman, not his municeps, or fellow-townsman (Praef. § I). Click the link for more information. , probably the Troglodytes of classical writers), are a nomad Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. Many cultures have been traditionally nomadic, but nomadic behaviour is increasingly rare in industrialised countries. Typically there are two kinds of nomad, pastoral nomads and peripatetic nomads. Pastoralists raise herds and move with them so as not to deplete pasture beyond recovery in any one area. Peripatetic nomads are more common in industrialised nations travelling from place to place offering a trade wherever they go. Click the link for more information.

9. Sudanese Gospel Resources as 52% black, 39% Arab, 6% beja, and 2 70% Sunni Muslim (in the north), 25% indigenous beliefs, and Profiles of People Groups of africa includes information on http://www.ethnicharvest.org/peoples/countries/sudan.htm

Home Our Mission What's New Stories ... Search Our Site Our thanks to graphicmaps.com for permisson to use these beautiful maps. Sudanese Gospel Resources A special welcome to all visitors of Sudanese heritage! This page contains links to Bibles, stories and web sites written in Sudanese which tell about Jesus and His love for the people of Sudan. Many followers of Jesus are praying that God will bless the Sudanese people, and some of the links on this page have information to help them learn more about the language and culture of Sudan. Thank you for visiting. May the grace and peace of God be yours today! *NOTE: Many of the following links are outside our site and open a new window in your browser. Close the new window to return to this page. Sudanese Publications About Jesus At Audio Scriptures International you can listen to a Real Audio story in Sudanese or Arabic called "God's All Powerful Savior". Sudanese Bibles This Bible is available from Amazon.com: Nuer Bible The Sudanese Bible Society gives this report on their work: The Nuer Bible is now complete and was due to be launched in early January 2000. Nuer-speakers are very excited about having the Bible in their language. The Moru Bible is currently being produced and we hope to receive it during 2000 – this is a significant step in reaching the Moru people in their own language. Translation work continues on the Dinka Padang and Shilluk Bibles. Work on the Lutho New Testament is also on schedule. There are plans to print the Gospel of Luke in Lutho.

10. FMRA Translate this page 15. APM - africa. 16. 67. Instituto Politécnico de beja, Escola Superior Agrária. Portugal 68. 92. WAMIP (World Alliance of Mobile indigenous peoples). 93. http://www.cerai.es/fmra/add.html

Apoyo al FMRA Persona de contacto: Ciudad / Pais: Tel.: Fax: E-mail de contacto: 6. AGROGEA. Chile 7. ALIMENTERRA - Europa. 8. Altragricoltura-Foro Contadino.Italia. 9. Amigos de la Tierra - Internacional. 12. ANDAR. Costa Rica. 15. APM - Africa. 19. ASOCODE (Asociacion de Organizaciones Agrarias Centroamericanas). 20. BAFLF (Bangladesh Agricultural Farm Labour Federation). Bangladesh 24. Cátedra de Pensamiento Agrario "Alvaro Reynoso". Universidad Agraria de la Habana. Cuba. 25. CEIDRA(Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones de Derecho Rural y Reforma Agraria). Paraguay. 26. CENSA (Center for the Study of the Americas). EE.UU. 29. CER (Centre d'Etudes Rurales). Albania. 30. CENESTA (Centre for Sustainable Development). Iran. 32. CIC (Centro Internazionale Crocevia). Italia. 34. CLOC (Coordinadora Latinoamericana de Organizaciones del Campo). 39. CONAIE - ECUARUNARI (Confederacion de Nacionalidades Indigenas del Ecuador). Ecuador. 40. CONFEUNASSC (Confederacion Nacional Unica del Seguro Social Campesino). Ecuador

11. Lettre/Announcement - Canada Must Recognize The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples - M of Canada in support of the draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of indigenous peoples, summer 2001. Tanya beja, InterChurch Coalition on africa, http://www.ichrdd.ca/english/prog/indigenous/openLetterIndigenous2003.html

Canada Must Recognize the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Open letter to the Government of Canada in support of the draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Preamble This policy of alliance was furthered in 1763 when the British Crown, by Royal Proclamation, solemnly recognized the existence of Aboriginal land titles and subsequently signed numerous treaties with Aboriginal Peoples. In the 19th century, however, alliances with Aboriginal Peoples ceased to represent an advantage to the colonial powers, and legislators initiated a process leading to the oppression of aboriginal rights and institutions. This same committee recognized that if Canada does not respect the right of Aboriginal Peoples to self-determination including access to their lands and resources as expressed in Article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the economic marginalization of Aboriginal Peoples will continue. At the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, it is time for the Government of Canada to commit to a policy of genuine recognition of the rights of Aboriginal Peoples. Declaration We, the undersigned organizations and individuals, have read the draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. We endorse it. Indigenous Peoples have been, and continue to be, subjected to systemic and institutionalized racism, and we believe that this Declaration will be an important tool in combating these attitudes and policies. This document, the result of much debate, constitutes a minimum standard in the eyes of Indigenous Peoples and is fully consistent with Canada's other international commitments.

12. Untitled Document Translate this page Chan Sui-Jeung, The Jews in Kaifen. FLORA BOTTON beja 171. Lechini, Así es africa. Tropical Forests, the World Bank, and indigenous peoples in Central India. http://www.colmex.mx/centros/ceaa/revista/anteriores4.html

Volver al índice de números anteriores INDICE • ESTUDIOS DE ASIA Y AFRICA 63 Vol. XX Enero-Marzo, 1985 Núm. • ESTUDIOS DE ASIA Y AFRICA 64 Directora: Flora Botton Beja REDACTORES na Pali, Manuel Ruiz, Jorge Silva y Michiko Tanaka. INDICE ARTÍCULOS Urszula Zulawska Mbye Baboucar Cham ABSTRACTS TRADUCCION Wang Meng La cola de la cometa ASIA Y AFRICA ACTUALES Eugenio Anguiano Roch SECCION CULTURAL NOTAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS COLABORADORES Directora: Flora Botton Beja REDACTORES INDICE ARTÍCULOS Martha Schteingart L. Durand y G. Massiah (compiladores) Rhoads Murphey El destino cambiante de Shanghai: colonialismo, Jean Racine Bernard Hourcade y Farhad Khosrokhavar Alain Durand-Lasserve Martha Schteingart Djaffar Lesbet clandestina. El caso de Argel 121 ABSTRACTS Russell Maeth Ch. La canción popular en la China medieval: "Las canciones de la Dama Medianoche" (Primera parte) 133 ASIA Y AFRICA ACTUALES Zoctizoum Yarisse franco-libios 150 COLABORADORES Directora: Flora Botton Beja REDACTORES INDICE ARTÍCULOS John Page Wang Xinzhi y Michael Kolhaas, rebeldes en aras de su propia causa 408

13. Issue Paper B3 The beja;. is a strong argument under international law that indigenous peoples have certain the principle of selfdetermination for colonised peoples in africa http://www.nubasurvival.com/conferences/kampala1/b3.htm

Nuba Survival An impartial and independent organisation dedicated to promoting the cause of the Nuba People of Sudan. HOME BOOKS CONFERENCES FILMS ... SEARCH STEERING COMMITTEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE TRANSITION IN SUDAN ISSUE PAPER B-3 THE MARGINALISED AREAS OF THE NORTHERN SUDAN AND THE QUESTION OF SELF-DETERMINATION. This paper is based on research by Suleiman Musa Rahhal. Overview The North-South conflict of the Sudan is one of the longest conflicts in Africa and likely to continue into the next century. More recently, the marginalised people in the North joined the armed struggle; creating another conflict in the North, a "North-North" conflict between centre and periphery. The Government in Khartoum and some opposition members within the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) tend to play this down. Northern Sudan is a land of minorities. From the outside it may appear to be a land of Arabs, but closer scrutiny shows a patchwork of literally hundreds of different groups, some of them practically invisible to anyone except the most socially sensitive observer. Today there are eight major groups of marginalised people in the North, including: the Nuba, the South Blue Nile people, the Beja, Darfur, the Nubians, the Baggara, Fallata and Southern/Western displaced peoples settled around major towns and cities. All of these have a different standing with regard to the claim for self-determination. However, because of scope of this paper we will discuss four main groups of marginalised people, all of whom have resorted to armed struggle. These are:

14. THE FEAR OF MADNESS - NI 209 - Letters The beja nomads even coin the word silif, to be that the best way forward in africa is by The cultures of some 40 indigenous peoples are considered backward http://www.newint.org/issue209/letters.htm

new internationalist issue 209 - July 1990 The New Internationalist welcomes your letters. But please keep them short. They may be edited for purposes of space or clarity. Include a home telephone number if possible and send your letters to the nearest editorial office or e-mail to : ni@newint.org Sharing spirit In your struggle to dig up hope for Africa in the 1990s NI 208 ) you gave naive solutions. Of course the continent needs greater democracy. But you ignore the power struggles between ethnic groups and the widespread practice of nepotism - which have soured democracy in the past. Democratic rule can only become a reality when African people place their interests as individuals and communities before kinship bonds. This is possible. In the harsh terrain of north-eastern Sudan, the Rashida and the Beja nomads compete for scarce resources. They only survive by acknowledging their common interests and ultimately, by co-operating. The Beja nomads even coin the word silif

15. The Probert Encyclopaedia - People And Peoples (A) ages they were known as the beja, and conveyed Aborigine An aborigine is a member of an indigenous people. The Adamites were a Gnostic sect in africa about 130 http://www.fas.org/news/reference/probert/C1.HTM

People and Peoples (A) A. C. Gibbs A C Gibbs was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Oregon from 1862 until 1866. A. G. Curtin A G Curtin was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Pennsylvania from 1861 until 1867. A. G. Sorlie A G Sorlie was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of New Dakota from 1925 until 1928. A. H. L. Fizeau A H L Fizeau was a French physicist. He was born in 1819 at Paris and died in 1896. He measured the speed of light in 1849. A. H. Roberts A H Roberts was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of Tennessee from 1919 until 1921. A. Harry Moore A Harry Moore was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of New Jersey from 1926 until 1929. A. Linwood Holton, Jr A Linwood Holton Jr was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Virginia from 1970 until 1974. A. M. Scales A M Scales was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of North Carolina from 1885 until 1889. A. Victor Donahey A Victor Donahey was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of

16. Questia Online Library - The Online Library (3) provided support for the ethnic beja and other The indigenous people were not given citizenship until 1904 The nonAmerico-Liberian peoples generally received http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000485439

17. ACORD E-newsletter No4 of Coping Mechanisms of the beja tribe in protecting traditional knowledge particularly that of indigenous peoples. in sustainable development b) africa Maps http://www.acord.org.uk/e-news/No4/Newsl.htm

S ubscribe to our free bi- monthly e-mail newsletter ACORD Dean Bradley House, 52 Horseferry Road London SW1 2AF England Registered Charity: 283302 Acord e- Newsletter Subscribe to this bi-monthly newsletter No 4 (25 February 2002 CONTENTS 1. ORGANISATIONAL NEWS a) Engaging with the emerging African Social Movement b) ACORD at the Africa Social Forum: declaring an active resistance to globalisation c) Recent staff changes at ACORD d) Preparing for ACORD's Pan Africa Workshop (PAWS) 2. PROGRAMME NEWS a) ANGOLA: Gender training works b) ANGOLA: A new interactive methodology for understanding and recording our work in the Gambos c) BURUNDI: Support for gender and social exclusion training d) CHAD: Support for lowland exploitation and well construction e) DRC: Bridging the legal divide f) DRC: Providing seed credit to counteract effects of floods g) DRC: Raising awareness on the right to education h) ERITREA: Expanding and improving our credit scheme i) ERITREA: Support from EU j) LIBERIA: Reconsidering our future in Liberia k) MALI: Kidal's local communities take initiatives to manage pastoral land and resources l) MOZAMBIQUE: Further funds to weather the storm m) RWANDA:Support to community development committees n) SAHEL: Identifying a point of programme entry in Guinea o) SUDAN: Support from the British Embassy, EU and Jersey

18. CARIBBEAN LITERATURE KWABENA EVOKES africa S POWER Issues addressed include Sustainable Development, indigenous peoples, Original Island the dragon * texts of the kayla beja. http://ethnonet.gold.ac.uk/illustrations/ch4illustrations/414ekwabene/books.html

HOUSE OF ANKHKARA NEW PUBLISHED WORKS OF ROI KWABENA CARIBBEAN CULTURAL ACTIVIST "KUSH RECLAIMED” POETRY/ HISTORY Pbk.-82 PGS. PUB.1996 RAKA PUBLICATIONS- U.K. PUB.1997 Modibo Nsami introduces this unique anthology of new inspiring verse by this Caribbean poet on sojourn in the sacred land of KUSH , where he was bestowed the Title "Al Ansaari" at the junction of the Blue and white Nile. This compelling collection retraces his experiences and acknowledges the contribution of ancient civilizations of Sudan. Stunning photography and illustrations are supplemented by a comprehensive glossary. “ KWABENA EVOKES AFRICA'S ....Kwabena whose latest book of poems was recently published had spent quality time in KUSH, now part of Sudan, some years ago. He writes with feelings in the title poem evoking memories of 'mighty warriors humbled' by the Kushites and speaks feelingly of reclaiming '..the lost, stolen legacy of pristine ages'....." GEORGE ALLEYNE NEWSDAY NEWSPAPERS “NUBIAN SAINTS OF CHRISTIANITY” A comprehensive listing with profiles and authentic excerpts HISTORY Pbk 86 PGS.

19. Sudan - The Muslim Peoples the group is mostly descended from an indigenous population, and proud, and aloof even toward other beja and very in 1990 were nearly a million people of West http://countrystudies.us/sudan/38.htm

The Muslim Peoples Sudan Table of Contents Arabs In the early 1990s, the largest single category among the Muslim peoples consisted of those speaking some form of Arabic. Excluded were a small number of Arabic speakers originating in Egypt and professing Coptic Christianity. In 1983 the people identified as Arabs constituted nearly 40 percent of the total Sudanese population and nearly 55 percent of the population of the northern provinces. In some of these provinces (Al Khartum, Ash Shamali, Al Awsat), they were overwhelmingly dominant. In others (Kurdufan, Darfur), they were less so but made up a majority. By 1990 Ash Sharqi State was probably largely Arab. It should be emphasized, however, that the acquisition of Arabic as a second language did not necessarily lead to the assumption of Arab identity. Despite common language, religion, and self-identification, Arabs did not constitute a cohesive group. They were highly differentiated in their modes of livelihood and ways of life. Besides the major distinction dividing Arabs into sedentary and nomadic, there was an old tradition that assigned them to tribes, each said to have a common ancestor. The two largest of the supratribal categories in the early 1990s were the Juhayna and the Jaali (or Jaalayin). The Juhayna category consisted of tribes considered nomadic, although many had become fully settled. The Jaali encompassed the riverine, sedentary peoples from Dunqulah to just north of Khartoum and members of this group who had moved elsewhere. Some of its groups had become sedentary only in the twentieth century. Sudanese saw the Jaali as primarily indigenous peoples who were gradually arabized. Sudanese thought the Juhayna were less mixed, although some Juhayna groups had become more diverse by absorbing indigenous peoples. The Baqqara, for example, who moved south and west and encountered the Negroid peoples of those areas were scarcely to be distinguished from them.

20. Profile Of The Beja People Of Sudan, Eritrea And Egypt They are the indigenous people of this area, and we first know Mack, Deborah Z. Beni Amer, Muslim peoples. Paul, A. A History of the beja Tribes of the Sudan http://www.geocities.com/orvillejenkins/profiles/beja.html

Profiles Menu Orville Jenkins Home People Profile The Beja More about the Beja People: Beja Identity The Beja of Sudan Religion : Islam Population NARRATIVE PROFILE Location : The name Beja is applied to a grouping of Muslim peoples speaking dialects of a Cushitic language called Beja, and living in Sudan, Eritrea and Egypt. They are traditionally pastoral people whose territory covers some 110,000 square miles in the extreme northeast of Sudan. History : Many scholars believe the Beja to be derived from early Egyptians because of their language and physical features. They are the indigenous people of this area, and we first know of them in historical references in the Sixth Dynasty of ancient Egypt. Over the centuries, they had contact and some influence from Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Turks. A few Beja became Christians in the sixth century. The southern Beja were part of the Christian Kingdom of Axum centered in what is now southern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. Although never completely conquered by a foreign power, the Beja in the 15th century were absorbed into Islam by marriages and trading contacts with nearby Arab tribes. In the seventeenth century they expanded farther south seeking better pastures and conquering other peoples along the way. By the 18th century, the Hadendowa Beja were the dominant people of eastern Sudan.

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