61. INDIGENOUS AFRICAN RELIGION > THE DIVINITIES of the Fairy Mistresses of the Little People (dwarfs) who got like those of the Dogon, the baule, the Masai 1984) back to index of indigenous AFRICAN RELIGION, http://www.hypertextile.net/BLAKHUD/ind-reli/ind02.htm

BLAKHUD Research Centre Lumosi Library WRITINGS of D. Massiasta INDIGENOUS AFRICAN RELIGION CHAPTER TWO THE DIVINITIES It is obvious from the foregoing chapter on the African's concept of God that he believes in the existence of other spiritual beings. He also believes that these spiritual beings or forces are ministers of God. And, as will be seen, these beings are assigned various duties in the African society. The concluding paragraphs of the last chapter explain the relationship between these beings and God. Therefore, in bowing to the divinities, the African does not only ask for his personal security and prosperity. He does not only ask for himself wealth, wives, children, health and protection. He also asks for unity, peace and happiness for his neighbours. As will be seen in subsequent chapters, the African's religious concept and practices are communalistic. DIVINITIES AS FORCES OF CONTROL The African is fully aware that his society, like his state, needs devices of control to moderate the various forces that are equally necessary and bound to oppose each other. He believes that tastes differ and ideas would contradict idea not as a devil-angel theology. There must be sanctions to bring about order, peace, progress and happiness. He therefore falls on the divinities which seek counsel from God to provide these sanctions. No doubt his assembly, his court, his police and his soldiers are the shrine. It is the divinities that compel him to live a life of reason and righteousness. This point will be illustrated especially in the chapters on initiation, reforms and the rule of law.

62. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General Bozo, Sorogama. indigenous Fellowship of 100 http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=109426&rog3=IV

63. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General Worodougou. indigenous Fellowship of 100 http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=114492&rog3=IV

64. MSN Encarta - Portraiture surrealism with the imagery from popular indigenous art the photograph s power to portray real people in unadorned example, carved masks from the baule, Côte d http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559633_2/Portraiture.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items artworks, pictures of drawing more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Portraiture News Search MSNBC for news about Portraiture Internet Search Search Encarta about Portraiture Search MSN for Web sites about Portraiture Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write(' Page 2 of 3 Portraiture Multimedia 17 items Article Outline Introduction Characteristics of Portraits Assessment of Portraits Functions of Portraiture ... Portraiture in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific E Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism

65. The Blacksmith's Art From Africa to interpret the metallurgical processes the people witnessed when inexpensive iron onto the shores of africa. By 1920 indigenous furnaces ceased to produce http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=363

66. Akan-ashanti and cultural anthropologists classify the indigenous people of Ghana d Ivoire, where they created the baule community branch of the Akan people, have exercised http://www.beepworld.de/members18/shika-gold/ashanti.htm

Zurück On the basis of language and culture, historical geographers and cultural anthropologists classify the indigenous people of Ghana into five major groups. These are the Akan, the Ewe, MoleDagbane , the Guan, and the Ga-Adangbe. The Akan Group The Akan people occupy practically the whole of Ghana south and west of the Black Volta. Historical accounts suggest that Akan groups migrated from the north to occupy the forest and coastal areas of the south as early as the thirteenth century. Some of the Akan ended up in the eastern section of Côte d'Ivoire, where they created the Baule community. When Europeans arrived at the coast in the fifteenth century, the Akan were established there. The typical political unit was the small state under the headship of an elder from one of the seven or eight clans that composed Akan society. From these units emerged several powerful states, of which the oldest is thought to be Bono (also called Brong). As a result of military conquests and partial assimilation of weaker groups, well-known political entities, such as Akwamu, Asante , Akyem, Denkyira, and Fante emerged before the close of the seventeenth century. Asante, for example, continued to expand throughout the eighteenth century and survived as an imperial power until the end of the nineteenth century, when it succumbed to British rule

67. Ghana Travel Products And Adangme, Baule, Dagomba, English (UK), Ewe, Fanti, Ga, Adangme (2); baule (1); Dagomba (1). English (UK) (141); Ewe (4); Fanti (1). Ga (11); Gurma (1); People. Religions indigenous beliefs 21%, Muslim 16%, Christian 63%. http://www.worldlanguage.com/Countries/Ghana.htm

view this site in If you can't find it here, you can't find it anywhere! Home Help Contact Us Privacy ... Checkout Super Bargains Academic Computers / Notebooks Dictionary ESL-English as Second Language Games Gift Items! Handheld Dictionary Karaoke Keyboard Stickers Keyboards Kids Learn Microsoft Office Microsoft Windows Movies/Videos Software - Mac Software - Windows Spell Checking Translation More... Ghana Send this page to a friend! Products One product specific to Ghana is available in one category. Travel Languages 9 languages are spoken in Ghana. We have 154 products available for those languages. Adangme Baule Dagomba English (UK) ... Twi Capital: Accra Population: Play the National Anthem Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Geographic coordinates: 8 00 N, 2 00 W Map references: Africa Area: total: 238,540 sq km land : 230,020 sq km water: 8,520 sq km Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon Land boundaries: total: 2,093 km border countries: Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km Coastline: 539 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf : 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

68. GhanaReisen Products And Adangme, Baule, Dagomba, Englisch (U.K.), Ewe, Fanti, G Adangme (2); baule (1); Dagomba (1). Englisch (UK) (141); Ewe (4); Fanti (1). Ga (11); Gurma (1); People. Religions indigenous beliefs 21%, Muslim 16%, Christian 63%. http://www.worldlanguage.com/German/Countries/Ghana.htm

Diese Seite auf If you can't find it here, you can't find it anywhere! Heime Hilfe Kontakt Datenschutz ... Zum Ausgang Super Bargains Academic Computers / Notebooks Englisch als Zweitsprache Filme/Videos Gift Items! Karaoke Keyboard Stickers Kids Lernen Microsoft Office Microsoft Windows PDA Wörterbuch Rechtschreibprüfung Software - Windows Software - Mac Spiele Tastaturen Wörterbücher Übersetzung Mehr... Ghana Senden Sie diese Seite an einen Freund! Produkte Ein Produkt spezifisch für Ghana ist in einer Kategorie verfügbar. Reisen Sprachen 9 Sprachen werden in Ghana gesprochen. Wir haben 154 Produkte zur Verfügung für diese Sprachen. Adangme Baule Dagomba Englisch (U.K.) ... Twi Hauptstadt: Accra Bevölkerung: Abspielen der Nationalhymne Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Geographic coordinates: 8 00 N, 2 00 W Map references: Africa Area: total: 238,540 sq km land : 230,020 sq km water: 8,520 sq km Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon Land boundaries: total: 2,093 km border countries: Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km

69. EShopAfrica.com - Library art, has spent several decades researching baule art and history Basil Davidson Documenting the indigenous skills of had little or no meaning to the people. http://www.eshopafrica.com/library/

BRINGING YOU THE BEST OF AFRICAN ARTS AND CRAFTS DIRECT FROM THE ARTISAN Design Competition in Rome latest... Help! Email us Home ... Home Library - we recommend these books about Africa There are so many wonderful books about Africa - even if you're not lucky enough to be able to visit you can learn so much. From gloriously illustrated picture books, to ideas on how to decorate your house in African style, to history, to beads... there's something for everyone... Send us your recommendations. Our featured book: The Bead is Constant edited by Alexandra Wilson This book introduces the reader to beads in Ghana through the histories of living people who wear, trade or produce beads. Trish Graham, eShopAfrica's Product Sourcer is a contributor. This book is available from GhanaBeads.com Book sections: General Africa Books African Majesty : The Textile Art of the Asante and the Ewe by Peter Adler. An illustrated history of strip weaving by the Asante in Ghana and the Ewe who live in both Ghana and Togo. The individually patterned strips are sewn together to make kente cloth which has been known by European explorers since 15th century. Well illustrated with wonderful photographs and explanations of designs. Printed and Dyed Textiles from Africa (Fabric Folios) John Gillow A beautifully illustrated book documenting the various methods of fabric dying in West Africa including mudcloth from Mali, adinkra from Ghana, adire from Yorubaland in Nigeria, ikats from Madagascar, indigo-resist dying and more. Useful both as a design reference and to learn about the traditional techniques.

70. WRITING ASSIGNMENTS Senufo or baule of Ivory Coast (Côte d Ivoire Francis Bebey, African Music A People s Art; Barbara Include an explanation of indigenous cultural traits and/or http://faculty.uncfsu.edu/doyler/TCHNG/H490Write.htm

WRITING ASSIGNMENTS HIST 490 FALL 2002 I. INDIGENOUS LITERATURE: The Oral Tradition: Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali Using this oral tradition recorded by D.T. Niane and TWO sources of your choice, DESCRIBE the culture of the Mande Speakers at the time of the founding of the Empire of Mali. Use the culture in which Sundiata was born, at Niani in the Kingdom of Kangaba looking for the following: Language, government, religion, education, maintaining any type of records of the past, environmental effects on culture, art, music, literature, and Moral Values that might include reverence for elders, truth, beauty, loyalty, bravery, sympathy, kindness, hospitality, and whatever else you see within the document. Use the two sources of your choice to try to VERIFY the cultural statements that you make based upon the oral tradition. Also include any observations you have on the accuracy of the oral tradition or comparisons to culture today in the area. II. MODERN LITERATURE: A. Literature in French: Dark Child: An Autobiography Camara Laye writes in French about life in Guinea at the time of colonization. Using the novel and TWO sources of your choice, DESCRIBE indigenous Culture of this ethnic group in terms of the following:

71. African Art. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 of the people’s sedentary lifestyles) in indigenous art. 3. The Bambara people of W Mali are famous for their 4. The baule of Côte d’Ivoire (the Ivory Coast http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africana.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. African art art created by the peoples south of the Sahara.

72. Lacour - Gonay Collection Est Un Webzine Traitant De Sujets Comme baule twin mask. This area is also reported to have an indigenous written language so The people noticed that only when twins were treated with utmost respect http://www.webzinemaker.com/admi/m1/page.php3?num_web=2809&rubr=4&id=13701

73. Art And Survival is sad that the peace and calm of baule art is are an extremely kind and approachable people, and have of the exhilaration inherent to indigenous cultures, and http://www.treasurenc.com/sys-tmpl/africanartatlarge2/

TreasureNC Welcome to TreasureNC! (Updated 05/12/04) Africa Today African Art at Large(1) African Art at Large(2) ... Dedication African Art at Large(2) Art and Survival The power of African Art can never be put into words, just as music cannot be translated. And, like music, beauty is not always the goal..it is a creation of the imagination, born of forces out of time and space, and thus unknowable.. atlarge10.jpg Mask. Lwena. Angola. I call this mask my "Alien Angel," and I got it from Africa Direct. Up until the last few years, Angola was without doubt one of the most dangerous places on earth, with civil wars raging all across the country. In 1992, Angola underwent a transition from a one-party socialist state to a nominally multi-party democracy. Current problems are the repatriation of thousands of refugees, the breakdown of medical services (they are simply overwhelmed..), and the huge number of land mines which still await safe disposal. The little mask, with its ethereal beauty, was carved amidst this chaos, and implies optimism and hope.... "The longer you look at an object, the more abstract it becomes, and, ironically, the more real." Lucian Freud, 1922-

74. Newsletter THE ARTISTRY OF THE baule. demonstrates the unquestionable patriotism of these people who contributed opportunities to acquire the colorful indigenous works of http://www.tribalworks.com/TribalArtery 2-5.html

T ribal A rtery VOL. TWO, NO. FIVE, JUNE 2002 Welcome to Tribal Artery , a periodic newsletter that will come out as often as we have something to say or some news to report. We expect that we will publish every month or so. Of course, we will rely on your comments as we go. NEW FETISH CARVINGS ON OUR WEBSITE The new fetish carving show, "The Soul in the Stone," has opened in the gallery. It is quite impressive, if we do say so ourselves. Hundreds of fetish carvings available. New works by Cochiti carver, Salvador Romero Fetish Carvings Gallery . We are particularly fascinated by the kissing turquoise bears. THE ARTISTRY OF THE BAULE goli ( a moon-shaped horned creature) and almond-shaped masks with exquisite detailing. The statues tend to represent spirit figures or other-world spouses. Jean-Batiste Bacquart covers this and more in his book, The Tribal Arts of Africa . This month we feature examples of their beautiful work. To find them, please go to, Africa: X747 or Africa: D503 NAVAJO FOLK ART WILL MAKE YOU SMILE We can't think of a more suitable title for our July show featuring Navajo folk art than "Navajo-jo-jo." This is art that makes you smile as exhibits the Navajo people's remarkable sense of humor. It also demonstrates the unquestionable patriotism of these people who contributed so much to America's fight for freedom in World War II. We'll be posting new examples to the Web site shortly. You'll find them in the

75. African And Afro-Caribbean Religions In The United States attributed to witchcraft, and, above all, in indigenous leadership Côte d Ivoire (Mende, Sherbro, Vai, baule, etc as the history of the black people and, under http://www.africana.com/research/encarta/tt_496.asp

magnum('heritage') Browse Africana Home Research Center Channels: Blackworld Heritage Lifestyle Movies and TV Music Books People Arts Funstuff Health and Beauty Services: Africana Box Office Radio Africana Political Action Center Open Source Talk Back Welcome Guest Sign In Register Home Encarta Africana > African and Afro-Caribbean Religions in the United States African and Afro-Caribbean Religions in the United States The first Africans to reach England's mainland North American colonies arrived at Jamestown in 1619. From then until the end of the slave trade to North America in 1808, as few as 74,000 kidnapped Africans and as many as 400,000 entered this region. One in seven captives embarked from the Senegambian coast, an important supplier for North America during the 1st century of the trade. Ultimately, a little over a third of arrivals in North America embarked from the Bantu-speaking interior of the Congo-Angola coast in west Central Africa. A bit less than a third, from groups such as the Igbo and Ibibio, embarked from the West African Bight of Benin. Though captives taken from the Senegambian coast predominated during the 1st century of the trade, they constituted only about one out of seven Africans imported before the end of the trade. There is little documentation of the North American slaves' religious lives during the 1st century of slavery. What is well known is the enduring white resistance to missionizing them. Some white colonists feared that slaves' conversion would require their owners to emancipate them, that the Africans were too brutish to benefit from Christianity, or that conversion would inspire insubordination or revolt. Moreover, the scarcity of missionaries affected not only blacks but whites as well. Therefore, Albert J. Raboteau, the leading expert on slave religion, concludes, "During the first 120 years of black slavery in British North America, Christianity made little headway in the slave population."

76. SPECTRUM, Vol. 205, No. 2 (Dec. 1989), Pages 29-37 Sabbathkeeping indigenous churches in Ghana come in two kinds For people to worship in their own language Akwapim, Kwahu, and the Anyibaule ethnolinguistic group http://www.spectrummagazine.org/library/archive15-20/20-2nortey.html

Spectrum magazine, vol. 20, no. 2 (Dec. 1989), pages 29-37. Spectrum by J. J. Nortey J. J. Nortey is a citizen of Ghana, where he received certification as a chartered public accountant before becoming an ordained Seventh-day Adventist minister and the president of the African-Indian Ocean Division. He presented the paper from which this essay is taken to a symposium for missiologists, August 1-5, 1988, at the European Institute of World Missions, Newbold College, England. The paper, in its original form, will be appearing in the published proceedings of the conference, available through Newbold College, Bracknell Berks., England. On Saturday July 16, 1988, in the company of a Seventh-day Adventist minister, I attend a church service at Accra New Town, the headquarters of the Kristo Asafo Mission Church. The founder of this independent African denomination grew up knowing Seventh-day Adventists, and the 350 congregations of his denomination worship on the seventh day of the week. On the farthest west is a table covered with white cloth. On each side of the table is a wooden lectern. On the west wall, behind the table, is a large wall clock, stuck between the carved wings of a golden eagle. On the table is a tall glass vase with artificial flowers in it. On each side of the flower vase is a table clock. Pictures of Bible characters and scenes are painted in lovely, bright colors all over the four walls. This morning, approximately 300 people are in attendance. The women and children are seated toward the pulpit, and the men are seated at the farthest east of the hall. The elders and two choirs sit apart from the worshippers. All the women have their heads covered with long, white shawls, which cover their shoulders also. At first sight, one has the feeling of seeing a Muslim assembly.

77. Princeton Packet OnLine News: Rhythms Of African-inspired Art - How Nigerian Scu She visited and lived with artists in baule and Senufo the Portuguese learned bronze work was indigenous to the art Esu was created by the Yoruba people in West http://www.pacpubserver.com/new/news/7-12-00/africanrhythms.html

E-MAIL REPORTER SEND LETTER TO EDITOR Rhythms of African-inspired art How Nigerian sculpture and textiles influence African-American art By Cynthia Cannon Princeton Packet Staff Writer Wednesday, July 12, 2000 Bronze head from Nigeria on African textile. Staff photo by Frank Wojciechowski In her sun-drenched home at Princeton Walk in Kingston, Joan Waite confesses that it is pure pleasure turning 66. During a career of more than 40 years, she fulfilled, and even surpassed her ideal to live to inspire people to try different things they hadn't dared to previously. She is pleased with the results of the project that has occupied the past few decades of her life. Attesting to that are her youthful good looks and abundant energy. The anthropologist has pursued her artistic plight with almost religious zeal, collecting a prodigious and varied amount of African and African-American sculpture and textiles. She takes photos of her pieces to produce colored slides. Joan Waite lives with her collection of African-inspired art. Staff photo by Frank Wojciechowski With a suitcase full of elaborately detailed textiles, slides and well-honed notes, she visits area groups to share her knowledge and interest in African art.

78. Kelli Matthews was a FrancoAfrican summit in La baule at which residents of that state or French people who essentially of the Western values infiltrating indigenous cultures http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~kmatthew/INTL paper 1.htm

Kelli Matthews INTL 240 – AFD and UNIFEM The French Cooperation Umbrella Organization for French Bilateral Aid. T Sustainable development is a high priority for the AFD and other ODA agencies in France. Its commitment to human development in tangible terms is concentrated in three areas: economic and social development, the fight against poverty and the structuring of legally constituted states. Within these three areas are five main issues: heath, cities, water, tropical forests, and desertification. In all areas of its ODA the French agencies refer heavily to the respective UN conferences. These conferences seem to provide a set of consistent guidelines in the process of determining which areas of public aid need emphasis and in what fashion. In all five issues of emphasis, the ODA agencies of the French emphasize that the people of Africa, or other states need the knowledge and the training to be empowered to make the decisions for themselves. In many of the countries to which France provides ODA, there is very little safe water. The French donor agencies place tremendous importance on this issue. Between 1993 and 1997, an average of 60% of the environment assistance given by France went into the "water sector". The French Cooperation links water resource management to the organization of a society. Monetarily speaking, the AFD has a diverse "portfolio" of third world investment. It boasts the highest percentage of contribution (.63% of GNP) of the seven most industrialized nations. The contribution figures from 1997 total French public aid at 5.138 million francs. This figure was divided into two types of aid: grants given to the poorest countries (993 million francs) and loans (4.145 million francs).

79. Remnants Of Ritual - The David Gelbard Collection Of African Art And Culture Understanding the indigenous language and its nuances opens a On the other hand, the baule people make images be specificities related to one people or another http://www.remnantsofritual.com/dialog.html

Understanding Narrative The Praise Song Cultural Borrowing Objects of Power ... In and Out of Context The second part of this introductory essay consists of conversations between the authors. Bourgeois and Rodolitz have team-taught a web-based course on this subject for more than five years utilizing a dialogue medium that lends itself to immediacy and informality. Essays in the usual sense speak TO the reader; dialogue, however, allows the reader to participate, if only in an imaginary sense. Additionally, in the medium of dialogue, the evolution of thought is more apparent than in an edited essay. Often, the journey to a conclusion is as important as the conclusion itself. The reader is encouraged to join in this ongoing exploration. AB: Why don't we begin by considering a group of related objects, not necessarily related by culture but by function?

80. Untitled Document rule sometimes result in intense strife among indigenous ethnic groups 36. Where are the Bawoyo people located on the African Where are the baule people located http://128.119.101.5/afroam/aa254_fguide.html

Posted December 8, 2003 FINAL STUDY GUIDE Afro-Am 254 / FALL 2003 Final Exam Date: Tuesday, December 16, 4:00-6:00 pm Totman Gym Note: All questions are taken from lecture notes except where indicated TOPIC 6: WOMEN IN AFRICA 1. Prior to 1975, writings about African women were published mainly by white male anthropologists. What event caused the situation to change, and how was that change manifested? 2, What are the many ways in which the roles of African women are perceived? 3. One of the coping mechanisms employed by African women has been the establishment of rural cooperatives. What are some of the ways that rural cooperatives enable women to compete in a market economy? 4. What are some of the reasons why secondary education in Africa has proved less attractive to young women? 5. What were some of the accomplishments of Frances Funmilayo Kuti? 6. What are some of the obstacles that women (and men) face in their attempts at economic development? 7. What is the name of the rotating credit system used by women in Gambia and Sierra Leone? 8. In what way did the political role played by Mammy Yoko differ from that of most African women?

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