41. Cameroon/Cameroun Bibliography Translate this page in the Life of Certain peoples of Southern the Palace A Catalogue of the bamum Palace Museum Cameroon Relations Between the State, indigenous Businessmen and http://www.geocities.com/markdelancey/CamerounBibliography.html

Subject Headings Agriculture and Pastoralism Anthropology and Sociology Archaeology Archives ... Urbanism Agriculture and Pastoralism Alary, Véronique. "L'utilitarisme en question: les cacaoculteurs face aux risques," in Le désarroi camerounais: l'épreuve de l'économie-monde edited by Georges Courade, pp. 89-109. Paris: Karthala, 2000. Ayisi-Mbala, J.P. The Role of Goats in the Economic Development in Cameroon . Ph.D., Leeds (UK), 1981. Bol Alima, G. Studies on Double Cropping of Maize in Yaoundé, Cameroon . Ph.D., London (UK), 1978. Boutrais, Jean. "L'agro-élevage des Peuls de Ngaoundéré (Adamaoua camerounais)," in L'ethnicité peule dans des contextes nouveaux: la dynamique des frontières edited by Youssouf Diallo and Günther Schlee, pp. 161-89. Paris: Karthala, 2000. Domo, Joseph. "Transformation des représentations dans la pratique agricole au Nord-Cameroun." Annales de la Facult és des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines de lùUniversité de Ngaoundéré (Ngaoundéré) 1 (1996): pp. 31-8. Grangeret-Owona, Isabelle. "La fertilité des terres bamiléké dans tous ses états," in

42. New Page 1 Shinto Shinto is the indigenous religion of the Japanese Being; as Yataa (Kono) and Nyinyi (bamum) he is part of africa to another, the people recognize that http://www.geocities.com/kikirikov/18.htm

The World's Religions And Their Scriptures TRIBULATIONS African Buddhism Confucianism Hinduism Islam Jainism Judaism and Christianity Native American Religions Shinto Sikhism South Pacific Religions Taoism Zoroasterianism New Religions TRIBULATIONS AT THE TURN OF THE AGE The prelude to the consummation of history and the appearance of the Messiah will be a time of tribulation and confusion. Many passages describe how in the Last Days wars, famines, plagues, and natural disasters will abound and civilization will reach its nadir. People will become engrossed in materialism and hedonism, and love will grow cold. Buddhist and Hindu texts affirm that when the consummation is nigh even the civilizations of the contemporary Kali age will plummet to their lowest point. In some scriptures, the last tribulation will be the appearance of the Beast, the Antichrist, or the Dajjal, who will deny the reality of God and deceive millions with a counterfeit truth. Exactly who the Antichrist might be has been the subject of much speculation, most of it fruitless: it is always possible to view the troubles of one's own time as proof that the tribulations have come, and to identify the Antichrist as a church's favorite opponent. A number of texts describe the tribulation at the end of the age as primarily due to the decline of religion, as the inspiration of the founder is gradually forgotten and his teachings are corrupted. We record two passages from major religions predicting such a decline, and follow with two passages from new religions which describe the confusion at the turn of the age as due to the ossified teachings the old religion(s) colliding with the inspiration coming with God's new dispensation.

43. Eurocentric Vs. Euro-Dominant History the concept that all historiantype people re alike The following scripts are indigenous african scripts. africa) (d) Vai (West africa) (e) bamum (West africa http://www.h-net.org/~world/threads/eurocentric.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] Eurocentric vs. Euro-Dominant History Author: Whitney Howarth, World History Center, Northeastern University Date: Tue, 10 Dec 1996 16:48:55 -0500 whowarth@lynx.dac.neu.edu ***Eurocentric vs. Euro-dominant history*** Most scholars purusing World History as a research field will agree that a Eurocentric model does not successfully present our global historical reality. Though many world history textbooks still tend to fall short of the "global" mark, an increasing number of world history monographs tend to focus on world-systems and cross-cultural interactions (i.e. Wallerstein and Curtin). Educators, wisely, often supplement these textbooks with such monographs in hopes of presenting a fuller narrative of the past, and to formulate a new historiography which does not perpetuate Eurocentrism. Ideally, I envision a world historical methodology which embraces connections and searches for patterns trans-nationally, but find myself often perplexed by the numbers of contemporary world historical pieces which tend to promote the "dominance" of Europe (post-1500) as the prevalent theme of research.

44. The World's Religions And Their Scriptures Shinto is the indigenous religion of the Japanese people. Being; as Yataa (Kono) and Nyinyi (bamum) he is part of africa to another, the people recognize that http://www.unification.net/ws/wsintr4.htm

World Scripture THE WORLD'S RELIGIONS AND THEIR SCRIPTURES Judaism and Christianity Islam Zoroastrianism Hinduism ... New Religions At this point it is worthwhile to introduce the various religions and their scriptures which are included in this anthology. We will proceed, geographically, from West to East. Judaism and Christianity Both Judaism and Christianity no longer practice the scriptural laws of animal sacrifices. But while for Judaism the mitzvot, the ethical and ritual commandments of the Bible, remain normative, and are elaborated in the Talmud as the halakah or requirements of life, Christianity has regard only for the Bible's ethical teachingsi.e., the Ten Commandments. Christianity emphasizes faith in Jesus Christ, who gives grace, empowerment, and guidance for living the moral life.[2] Judaism teaches a life of holiness through performing mitzvot and emphasizes the importance of adhering to the Bible's standards of social justice as laid down by the Prophets. The two religions have also diverged on the meaning of the Fall of Man; Christianity affirms a doctrine of Original Sin which is not emphasized in Judaism. These deep differences extend to the way Judaism and Christianity regard their sacred writings. Judaism regards its sacred books as the complete source for all the teachings which God requires of his people for their welfare. For Christianity, the sacred books of Judaism, called the Old Testament, are taken as a preparation for the final revelation that God would make through Christa revelation that is written in the books of the New Testament.

45. Royalty.nu - Royalty In Africa - History, News, Books africa by Adam Hochschild. King Leopold of Belgium established a rule of terror in the Congo that culminated in the deaths of 4 to 8 million indigenous people. http://www.royalty.nu/Africa/

Royalty.nu World Royalty > African Royalty > Books About African Royalty Related Topics Search African Royalty Click for news and information about: Botswana Egypt Ethiopia Ghana ... World Royal News April 7, 2004 Belgian fury at film on Leopold's Congo terror February 24, 2004 King Leopold's legacy of DR Congo violence . Thank you to Solomon for this link. For books about Leopold II and Congo, click here February 23, 2004 - Donald Tick sent this link with photos of the restoration of the former royal palace in Antananarivo, Madagascar (the accompanying text is in German only). The palace was burned down by arsonists in 1995. Located off the southeast coast of Africa, Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island. In the late 19th century it became a French colony and its last queen, Ranavalo or Ranavalona III , was sent into exile. Today Madagascar is an independent republic. Madagascar: The lost palace of Tana Der Rova von Antanananarivo (in German) Books About Madagascar February 17, 2004 - A BBC article about African royalty: Africa's mighty royals In pictures: Africa's royals Books About Ashanti Royalty Books About Zulu Royalty ... Books About Swazi Royalty February 8, 2004

46. Background History bamum(Cameroon),. and Local InstitutionsThe Case of Ethiopia, Red Sea Press, 1999 Catherine Odora Hoppers, indigenous Knowledge and People and Plants Online. http://www.africahistory.net/afrihist.htm

AFRICA'S HISTORY Dr. Gloria T.Emeagwali Professor of History and African Studies, Central Connecticut State University. MAIN SITE: www.africahistory.net This site is best viewed with EXPLORER Northeast Africa is the cradle of African civilization. Note the Legacy of Africa and the antiquity of Olduvai, Northern Tanzania. We must also take into account The Ishango Complex of East-Central Africa and several sites in Southern Africa and other parts of the continent. Africa's oldest boat has been found in Ancient Nigeria and this is about 8000 years old. Multiregional and uniregional theories of human origins point to Africa as the birthplace of humanity. Several molecular biologists and paleontologists confirm this to date. The evidence so far implies that the first humans in the world (homo sapiens) emerged in Africa about 200,000 years ago and migrated to the various continents much later-perhaps as recent as 45,000 years ago in the case of migration to Europe. Recent fossil finds suggest that the world's earliest hominids lived approximately 6 million years before that in Kenya. We note also the 4 million year old fossils of Dinknesh (Lucy) and her descendants and the 1996 discovery in Southern Ethiopia of stone tools 2.5 million years old. The Kenyan -Ethiopian- Tanzanian region is perhaps the birthplace of modern humans, subject to new finds.Note also that several religions do not accept this view on human origins. Ancient Africans migrated within Africa, vertically and horizontally, as well as OUT OF AFRICA to populate the world. For views on the African and Afro-Pacific (Afro-Australian) origins of some Ancient Americans such as the Ancient Brazilians see Dr.Walter Neves,University of Sao Paolo, Brazil (BBC Homepage: Thursday August 26, 1999).

47. Www.bmpix.org - Basel Mission Picture Archive between missionaries and the indigenous population than some teacher, developed close friendships with the bamum people. M., Images from bamum, German Colonial http://www.bmpix.org/baselmission_ph_sp.htm

Starting point As a communications network the Basel Mission - like other missionary societies - made early use of photography. The first Basel missionary in West Africa to take photographs was Wilhelm Locher, who was active with a camera in south-eastern Ghana in the 1860s. At the same time his colleague C. G. Richter was taking photographs in what are now the Indian states of Karnataka and Kerala (see illustration 11 A).The Mission also began at this time to acquire images from professional photographers working in coastal cities in Africa and Asia. Photographic images began to be reproduced as engravings in the Mission’s publications both for home and overseas consumption (see illustration 11 B). It is clear that in practice over the generations photography has remained an important activity among Basel missionaries. In the 1890s and early 1900s, for example, Basel Mission explorers in Cameroon took cameras with them on their journeys to open up new mission districts. Yet pioneer photography plays no part in the traditional identity of this Basel Mission or even in its insiders’ oral tradition. The formidable Fritz Ramseyer (Basel Missionary in Ghana from 1864 to 1908), still a name to conjure with in Ghana, has been completely forgotten as a photographer, although he took many excellent photographs, starting at the latest in 1888 (see illustration 10). By the time, in the 1980s, scholars from outside the Basel Mission began to point out that there

48. ArtLex On African Art african art, defined with images of examples, great quotations, and links to other resources. with the cultures of africa's northern parts typically referred or Dioila area, Bamana peoples http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/african.html

A frican art - Ceremonial sculpture masks , and crafts produced by African tribal cultures , as well as by the African cultures of colonial and post-colonial periods. Generally African art means sub-Saharan art, with the cultures of Africa's northern parts typically referred to as Egyptian and North African. Making generalizations about the visual culture of any group of people is a crude endeavor, especially with a culture as diverse as Africa's. With this thought in mind, know that this survey, as any must be, is tremendously limited in its breadth and depth. Examples of African art: Ife (Yoruba), Nigeria, Shrine Head , 12th century - 14th century, terra cotta , 12 x 5 3/4 x 7 inches, Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Mali, Bougouni or Dioila area, Bamana peoples, Mother and Child , 15th-20th century, wood height 48 5/8 inches (123.5 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. Nigeria, Edo peoples, Court of Benin, Pendant Mask: Iyoba , 16th century, ivory iron copper height 9 3/8 inches (23.8 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. See mask and pendant Nigeria, Edo peoples, Court of Benin

49. Christraud M. Geary Famouse People of the 20th Century. and exploitation by the rulers towards their indigenous subjects. Gift A Beaded Sculpture from the bamum Kingdom, Cameroon http://20th-century-history-books.com/search_Christraud_M._Geary/searchBy_Author

Home Search High Volume Orders Links ... Yitzhak Rabin Additional Subjects War in Japan 1467-1615 Deborah Ellis 20th century 1900s Famouse People of the 20th Century ... Adam B. Ulam Featured Books Delivering Views: Distant Cultures in Early Postcards This is a beautifully produced collection of essays and images that provides an overview of the role of postcards in the transformation of indigenous cultures under European-American rule. While conveying the romantic fascination of exotic places for the Western consumer, the book also addresses the underlying issues of arrogance and exploitation by the rulers towards their indigenous subjects. This book is an excellent introduction and overview of an emerging area of historical and anthropol... Written by Christraud M. Geary Virginia-Lee Webb Published by Smithsonian Institution Press (May 1998) ISBN 1560987596 Price $55.00 Books Mandu Yenu: Bilder aus Bamum, einem westafrikanischen K¶nigreich, 1902-1915 Written by Christraud M. Geary

50. Creativepro.com - Dot-font: Trilateral Typography own researches into the many indigenous writing systems Mafundikwa kept getting inquiries from people ( especially from the Bambara and the bamum scripts, for http://www.creativepro.com/story/feature/0,,8249,00.html

var scriptString = ' OAS_AD( "Top" ); '; document.write( scriptString ); June 7, 2004 Jump To: Recent Stories Feature Articles Product Reviews Authors Directory Software Companies Hardware Companies Software Products Hardware Products Dynamic Media Fonts Graphics Print ... Business CREATIVE SERVICES Printing Center Stock Photography Search Font Search PaperSpecs CREATIVE SUPPLIES CreativeproBooks CreativeproShop Training Resources Pantone Store NEWSLETTER SIGN-UP Enter your e-mail address to receive one or both of our newsletters. Tell me more print page e-mail page add to myList dot-font: Trilateral Typography The typographic traditions of both Europe and Africa coincide for an evening in San Francisco. John D. Berry chronicles the globe-spanning event. (Staff Report) By John D. Berry creativepro.com contributing editor Thursday, August 24, 2000 View More In: Fonts Be the first to tell us what you think. Respond to this article Three continents were united in San Francisco on August 10. North America was represented by the venue and the audience; Europe was represented by Erik Spiekermann from Germany; and Africa was represented by

51. AMU CHMA NEWSLETTER #26 (11/11/02) connection of the Bagan numerals to the bamum numerals Sciences, 137 Chao Nei Street, Beijing 10001, People s Republic of indigenous Knowledge World Wide (IKWW http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amu_chma_26.html

AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER-26 Chairman: Paulus Gerdes (Mozambique) Secretary: Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) Members: Cyprien Gnanvo (Benin) Nefertiti Megahed (Egypt) Mohamed Aballagh (Morocco) Abdoulaye Kane (Senegal) David Mosimege (South Africa) Mohamed Souissi (Tunisia) David Mtwetwa (Zimbabwe) Associate Members: TABLE OF CONTENTS Objectives of AMUCHMA Meetings, exhibitions, events Current Research Interests Notes and queries ... Addresses of scholars and institutions mentioned in this newsletter Suggestions Do you want to receive the next AMUCHMA-Newsletter AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER website back to AMUCHMA ONLINE 2. MEETINGS, EXHIBITIONS, EVENTS 2.1. Conferences of Ahmed Djebbar at the Island of Reunion (9-16 February 2002) At the invitation of the Science-Resource Association and of the Institute for Research in Mathematics Education (IREM) of Saint-Denis (Reunion), Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) gave four lectures on the history of mathematics: "The Arabic phase of algebra" (February 9, Saint Gilles); "The circulation of Arabic sciences around the Mediterranean Sea" (February 12, Saint Pierre, Association of Friends of the University); "The circulation of Arabic mathematics around the Mediterranean Sea (February 13, University of Saint Denis);

52. African Art Mask African masks are mobile in their indigenous settings, Mask, Buffalo Mask Cameroon, possibly bamum, 1800s1900s country Mali; people Dogon; medium Wood, raffia http://www.world-art-resources.com/african_art_mask.html

World-Art-Resources.com The World's Largest Art-Related Link Directory! Affiliate Program Advertising HOME World-Art-Resources.com Recommended Searches... art fantasy art african art art supply ... japanese art 91 Related Web Resources - > Shop for African Art Masks at Novica Shop for world art and home décor at Novica. Connect with world artists of handcrafted home décor, unique jewelry, and original art from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. http://www.novica.com The Art of the African Mask http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~bcr/African_Mask.html Detroit Institute of Arts : Permanent Collection - AONWC: African ... Mask. Early 19th century; Angola, Chokwe; Wood, hemp; height 20 cm (8 in.); Bequest of W. Hawkins Ferry; 1988.193 The Chokwe of Angola http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/africanart/1988.193.html Detroit Institute of Arts : Permanent Collection - AONWC: African ... Mask (Ngaady-a-Mwash). height 82 cm (32 1/2 in.); Founders Society Purchase, Mr. and Mrs. Allan Shelden III Fund, funds from the Friends of African Art and the http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/africanart/1992.215.html

53. South African Museum - Encounters With Photography use of selective images, conventional poses and indigenous types, conveys of the Representation of an American people. Geary, Christaud M. Images from bamum. http://www.museums.org.za/sam/conf/enc/sobania.htm

Iziko Museums of Cape Town South African Museum home : conferences/events encounters with photography : Search ©Neal Sobania, Hope College, Michigan, U.S.A. Stereoscopic Imagery in Support of a Colonial Project, South West Africa, 1905 Stereo Photography and Africa Atlantic Monthly , June 1859). This heightened period of stereograph popularity also coincided with development of world exhibitions as a means of bringing the world to Europe and North America. The images presented in photographs, however, were not seen as the reconstructed representations visitors saw at exhibits on the Midway of the Chicago Columbian Exposition (1893), at the Berlin Colonial Exhibition (1896), at the Paris International Exposition (1900), or the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis (1904). Instead photographs were "read" as "authentic" and "accurate" and therefore, images of the "real" world. And the three-dimensional imagery of stereoscopic slides only added to this understanding. The mass appeal of stereoscopic slides, like that of postcards, parallels the rise of ethnography and the expansion of colonial empires. As Geary (1991b) and Edwards (1992) have noted, the photographic representations of Africa and Africans exhibit many of the same constructions favored by colonial writers of the era. Stereoscopic presentation, just as other photographs of this time, suggests the same neutral, objective

54. Chapter 1 Little is known about the indigenous inhabitants; but, in affiliations to the Mbembespeaking people of the Abonkwa claim an origin from bamum, while Mbiribwa http://www.era.anthropology.ac.uk/Kaberry/Kaberry_text/ch1pt1.html

Chapter I THE PEOPLES OF BAMENDA DISTRIBUTION OF MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS BEFORE we examine the economy of Bamenda and its bearing on the position of women, a somewhat detailed account of the history, ethnic character and distribution of the peoples is necessary since very little information has been published. The total population of the Province as given in the Annual Report for 948 is 301,000; but this is estimated from figures for adult taxable males, the last census having been taken in 1931. The people are negroid, with possibly a northern strain in some of the Tikar tribes. They vary considerably in physique; but, in general, those of the uplands appear to be taller, wirier, and of better build than those of the forest, where malaria, filaria, yaws, goitre and elephantiasis are prevalent. Apart from the analysis of the Nkom language by the Rev. Father Bruens, very little linguistic research has been done in Bamenda. The Basel Mission has translated the New Testament into Bali, and the Roman Catholic Mission has made some study of the language of Nsaw and produced a catechism in Nkom. The languages of Bamenda have hitherto been classified as Benue-Cross River (or semi-Bantu) and the Tikar placed in the Bafumbum-Bansaw group. But, in a recent set of articles dealing with a reclassification of West African languages, Greenberg has suggested that Bali, Bafut and Ndob (and presumably this would be extended to the dialects spoken by other Tikar peoples in Bamenda) are Bantu. But a definitive classification must wait on further research, as well as the publication of the results of the linguistic field survey of the northern Bantu Borderland now being carried out from the French Cameroons.

55. African Art Course Slide List - Bowles Metropolitan Mus., NY (M41). indigenous West African women. ca. ReliquaryFigure. Kuba people, Zaire. Top Brass necklace with bovine heads. bamum, Cameroon. http://members.aol.com/GRBowles/art-hist/af-slide-list.html

African Art Slide List (no images shown) Personal Slide Library of Gerard Bowles July 1999 I now have 709 African art slides. Of these 542 are African (incl. Egypt-Nubian), 117 Egyptian (non-Nubian), and 47 African American introduction slides. This page lists the African, Egypt-Nubian, African American introduction, and a few of Western art influenced by African art. This page does not list my Egyptian non-Nubian slides, and additional African American and African European slides, which are on different lists. In addition to the above slides, I show additional works or art on the 20 videotapes I have on African art and related culture, and art processes. The timeframes of these tapes range from approximately 15 to 90 minutes. I plan to write a Web page of notes on these tapes. In teaching African art, I use all or part of these slides, videotapes, and other materials, depending on the nature and purpose of the course, and the course's place in the institution's curriculum. This list divides the continent into three geographic divisions, North, East and Southern, West, and Central. Each division is subdivided by traditional, crafts, and neo-African art as recent as 1999. The list concludes with African-influenced art and crafts, and an introduction to African American art if the latter is appropriate. Use your Web browser's search engine to find a specific artist, title of work, type of art, people, culture, society, town, country, or continental division.

56. LAS Alumni: News About LAS completed an extensive inventory of indigenous mapmaking in sub The neighboring Tabwa people charted the path of The kingdom of bamum in western Cameroon in the http://www.las.uiuc.edu/alumni/news/00fall_mapmaking.html

Geography African Mapmaking is Underappreciated Bassett recently completed an extensive inventory of indigenous mapmaking in sub-Saharan Africa. What he discovered was a heritage rich in unusual artifacts and representations. Among the Luba peoples of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lukasa memory boards made of wood, shells, and beads enabled praise singers to recount the history of a specific Luba king. The neighboring Tabwa people charted the path of mythical ancestral heroes on the backs and chests of initiates to the Butwa Society. The kingdom of Bamum in western Cameroon in the early 20th century was the site of one of the most ambitious mapmaking enterprises. Led by King Njoya, the Bamum people developed an alphabet and then undertook a major topographic survey of the kingdom, involving 60 people who made 30 stops over 52 days. "The map's form and content nicely illustrate the political use of maps," says Bassett, noting that the king promoted his political goals of consolidation by presenting images of rule. Fall 2000 White Weddings Flash Index Crystal Clear Healthy Brains ... Six Generations of Illini Feature Stories News Briefs LAS Home LAS News Events Award Programs ... Search of the University of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

57. Barbier-Mueller Museum (3) Philippines and Indonesia are forms not indigenous to these in battle, for example, other people regarded the shields in societies like the bamum represented a http://sapir.ukc.ac.uk/PRM/prmroot/shieweap/bouclie3.html

Shields in the Barbier-Mueller Museum (3) Introduction Foreword to catalogue Review of form, function and contextualisation of shields Shield labels Form, function and contextual framework: Shields in the collection of the Barbier-Mueller Museum Shields were the most extensively utilized form of defensive weapons in the world. Principally used as bodily protection against missiles and as weapons with which to actively parry blows, bearers wielded shields just as effectively to launch offensive attacks, carry magico-religious protective medicines, and create visual noise to confuse or frighten the enemies. The Kalinga of Northern Philippines, for example, used multipronged shields to ambush their victims and pin them to the ground between the prongs in preparation for beheading. To aid with the owner's defense and offense, the Kenyah-Kayan of Borneo painted their shields on the obverse and reverse sides with elaborate double images of the aso -dragon, part of a complex series of soul-protecting measures that extended to traditional patterns on woven cloth, warriors' metal ornaments, and healers' charms. roromaraugi ... , for example, originally functioned as a parrying shield and was held along the pole shaft. The Trobriand

58. Bamun Art Worlds 1896, Njoya understood his crucial position at bamum s cultural and drawn from both foreign and indigenous rituals In order to educate his people better, Njoya http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~du_bois/RESEARCH___OUTREACH/Bamun_Art_Worlds/bamun_a

Bamun Art Worlds: Integration and Innovation in Grassland Cameroon from 1700 to the Present Director, Professor Suzanne Preston Blier This project looks at the arts of the Bamum and its neighbors in the grasslands of Cameroon (West Africa) from the vantage of invention, apropriation, and retranslation of local and foreign artistic and cultural elements from 1700 to the present. The construction and recons is examined historically as well as cross-culturally. The critical interface between colonialism, royal prerogative, individual life-histories, social mores and an explosion of artistic creativity will be examined against both notions of constructing a specific artistic "Weltanshaung" and an ongoing interest in reshaping cultural identity through visual form. The rich and diverse textual archives and artistic forms housed in the Museum of Foumban (the former palace of Bamum King Njoya, himself a key figure in this project) offer a unique opportunity to examine anew the extraordinary art history of this area. The participants in this project represent key African scholars working on this and related art materials from fields as diverse as anthropology, archaeology, cultural history, and art and architectural history. This group includes Christraud Geary of the National Musuem of African Art, Washington, D. C.; British anthropologist Michael Rowlands; archaeologist Germain Loumpet, a Bamum native and a specialist in ceramics and African pre-history; Alexandra Loumpet-Galitzine, archaeologist of French and Russian heritage with a speciality in the Bamum system of writing and related forms; American art historian Steven Nelson, a specialist on architecture of northern Cameroon; and Suzanne Preston Blier, a specialist in African art and architecture who in the past has worked primarily in Togo, Benin and Nigeria.

59. Changing Intercommunity Relations And The Politics Of Identity In The Northern M Translate this page The argument for an indigenous principle in organising relations to that of the power kingdoms of Nso and bamum. tradition was invented for these people and at http://etudesafricaines.revues.org/document70.html

Cahiers d'Études africaines Accueil La Rédaction Numéros Résumés/Abstracts Sommaires Index Auteurs Nous écrire Cahiers-Afr@ehess.fr Lettre de Revues.org Lodel (accès réservé) Article Emmanuel Yenshu Vubo et George A. Ngwa Changing intercommunity relations and the politics of identity in the Northern Mezam area, Cameroon* Résumé La dynamique des relations intercommunautaires et la politique identitaire dans la partie nord du département de la Mezam, Cameroun . Les politiques d'identité, qui souvent fluctuent entre le repli identitaire et le tribalisme et débouchent parfois sur des conflits armés et des génocides, trouvent leur origine dans la politique coloniale. Celle-ci visait à restructurer les relations entre des communautés qui s'accommodaient du passé précolonial. Cet article essaie de démontrer dans quelle mesure les relations basées sur l'arrangement entre les communautés dans la partie nord du département de la Mezam au Cameroun, ont été transformées en relations de concurrence sous la colonisation britannique. La tentative de construire des unités administratives coloniales basées sur les relations de coopération préexistantes a plutôt engendré le désaccord, les divisions et les tensions qui donnent naissance aujourd'hui à des politiques de discorde sociale qui ne servent pas l'intérêt de l'intégration nationale, même au niveau le plus élémentaire qu'est la communauté. Abstract

60. Soumbala : Catalogue Les Livres Africains De Soumbala: Histoire Précoloniale, C Translate this page Sultan - Histoire et coutumes des bamum rédigées sous Claude, (éditeur) - The development of indigenous Trade and Yoruba and Adja-Speaking People of South http://www.soumbala.com/catalogues/hist/chap1.htm

Les livres africains de Soumbala: Histoire précoloniale, coloniale et contemporaine retour à la table des matières B - Histoire A.c - A propos des explorations MARAN René - Livingstone et l'exploration de l'Afrique. Paris, 1938 B.a - Méthode - Généralités ALPHA GADO Boureima - Miroir du passé. Grandes figures de l'histoire du Niger. Niamey, 1993 AMENGUAL Michel - Une histoire de l'Afrique est-elle possible ?. Dakar - Abidjan, 1975 BERTAUX Pierre - L'Afrique de la préhistoire à l'époque contemporaine. Paris, 1973 BIARNES Pierre - Les Français en Afrique Noire de Richelieu à Mitterand. Paris, 1987 BOURMAUD Daniel - Histoire politique du Kenya. Paris, 1988 BOUTILLIER Jean Louis - Bouna, royaume de la savane ivoirienne. princes, marchands et paysans. Paris, 1993 BRUNSCHWIG Henri - Etudes africaines offertes à Henri Brunschwig. Paris, 1982 BURNS A. C. - History of Nigeria. London, 1929 BURNS A. C. - History of Nigeria. London, 1963 CAHEN Michel, (sous la direction de) - Lusotropicalisme. Idéologies coloniales et identités nationales dans les mondes lusophones. Paris, 1997 CHAZAN-GILLIG Suzanne - La société sakalave: le Menabe dans la construction nationale malgache, 1947-1972. Paris, 1991

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