1. Probert Encyclopaedia: People And Peoples (B-Bd) The bamum (Mum, Mom) are a sedentary people of West Kaffirs (unbelievers) by Islamic traders to south africa. The Banyarwanda are an indigenous people of Rwanda http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/C2.HTM

Browse: General Information Actors People Gazetteer ... Dictionary People and Peoples (B-Bd) (Translations provided by freetranslation.com B. GRATZ BROWN B Gratz Brown was an American politician. He was a Liberal Republican governor of Missouri from 1871 until 1873. B. K. HENAGAN B K Henagan was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Carolina during 1840. BABER Baber was the founder of the Mogul dynasty which ruled northern India for 300 years. He was born in 1483, dying in 1530. BABI The Babi are a Persian religious sect formed in 1843 by Bab Ed Din BABUR Babur was the first Mogul Emperor of India . He was born in 1483 at Ferghana, Central Asia and died in 1530. He was born into a princely family of mixed Mongol and Turkish blood . Failure to recover his father's lands caused him to turn reluctantly south-east, for India seemed to present the last hope for his ambitions. Defeat of Ibrahim Lodi , the Afghan ruler of Delhi , at the battle of Panipat in 1526 initiated 200 years of strong Mogul rule in India. Having conquered much of northern India, Babur ruled by force, lacking any civil administration. In addition to his military genius, he possessed a love of learning and wrote his own memoirs. BADEN-POWELL See " Robert Baden-Powell BAGANDA The Baganda are a group of settled farmers in Uganda . They constituted a kingdom in the 19th century, in which the king was seen as the supreme ruler who exercised his power through a system of district chiefs. The Baganda consist of fifty exogamous clans, each distinguished by totemic symbols. Originally practitioners of a form of ancestor worship, they are now predominantly Christian.

2. Africa South Of The Sahara - Culture And Society An annotated guide to internet resources on african culture and society. Palace of the bamum (Cameroun), conflict resolution among architecture, Islam and indigenous african cultures, Shawabtis and her course peoples and Cultures of africa has information http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/culture.html

Topics Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: Individual Countries Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Africa e Mediterraneo (Roma : Istituto sindacale per la cooperazione allo sviluppo) In Italian. A quarterly magazine about African culture and society. Has the table of contents. Topics covered: literature and theatre, music and dance, visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography), cinema, immigration. Owned by Lai-momo, a non-profit co-operative. Contact: redazione@africaemediterraneo.it [KF] http://www.africaemediterraneo.it Africa: One Continent. Many Worlds Extensive site for the traveling art exhibit from the Field Museum, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County

3. Africa Update Archives Vai, bamum, Nsibi, Mande and Ajimi are significant West african writing systems of and is therefore indigenous to africa." The "migration of the Puntite peoples of Upper Egypt http://www.ccsu.edu/Afstudy/upd6-1.html

Vol. VI, Issue 1 (Winter 1998-99): African Writing Systems HOME ARCHIVES Table of contents Editorial: African Writing Systems by Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Chief Editor Dr. Ayele Bekerie, Cornell University, African Writing Systems David S. Zerbe, Ayele Bekerie, Ethiopic, An African Writing System - a Review Dr. Ayele Bekerie, Cornell University, Rejoinder Dr. Haines Brown, History Dept., C.C.S.U., Africa and the Net Shauna Brown, CCSU Student, Hollywood's African-Americans Editorial: African Writing Systems By Gloria Emeagwali - Chief Editor Vai, Bamum, Nsibi, Mande and Ajimi are significant West African writing systems of indigenous origin. In Northeast Africa, the now extinct ancient Egyptian writing systems coexisted with the Nubian Meroitic and Ethiopic writing systems. In this issue of Africa Update, Dr. Ayele Bekerie of Cornell University reflects on the latter writing system. He argues that there are fundamental connections between the spiritual beliefs, language and writing system of precolonial ancient Egypt This issue also contains a review of Ayele Bekerie's Ethiopic: An African System (Red Sea Press, 1997). The reviewer, David Zerbe, examines some of Bekerie's basic propositions in a provocative analysis. We asked Dr. bekerie to respond to Zerbe's critique and received a lucid and scholarly clarification on issues such as the syllabic nature of Ethiopic; distortions and misceptions in Ethiopian historiography; connections between the Puntites, ancient Egyptians and ancient Ethiopians; and the interconnections between the Agau language, Ge'ez, and Ethiopian writing systems in general.

4. YANZUM Village Art Masks & Statues YANZUM Village Art. Masks. Masks have been used for eons by the indigenous peoples of the world for many purposes such as curing illness, fertility rites, initiation rites and even to combat witchcraft. Very large impressive bamum mask from Cameroon is a beaded face mask from west africa. 9" diam. http://www.yanzum.com/masks-etc-pg1.htm

Main Page Paintings Masks Statues ... Policy Page YANZUM Village Art Masks M asks have been used for eons by the indigenous peoples of the world for many purposes such as curing illness, fertility rites, initiation rites and even to combat witchcraft. All of our masks have been hand carved by locals of the various African nations from which the masks were collected. They will add a sense of intrigue to your interior design scheme and give a subtle impression that you are a world traveler and collector of fine things. This very large Butterfly mask is from the Bobo people in Burkina Faso. It was carved from one large piece of wood with a horn added to front and then accented in colors using this beautiful geometric pattern, front and back. Butterflies are an indication of a very successful crop. Note: Due to the size, shipping charge will be added, based on size, weight and your location. 58 1/2" x 24" x 7 1/2" Very large impressive Bamum mask from Cameroon 12 1/2" x 30" (not including raffia)

5. Ethno-Net Database Cameroon Ivory Coast. Kenya. Nigeria. South africa. Zambia Unit MbamNkam, Bamilike, bamum and related Languages". Journal of and politics of indigenous/minority peoples rights in some http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/data/camer/biblio.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA DATABASE CAMEROON / CAMEROUN Other data Benin Cameroon Chad Congo-Brazza Congo-Kinshasa Gabon ... Zambia Bibliographie / Bibliography Books / Livres Articles Edited Books / Ouvrages Collectifs Articles in edited Books Articles dans ouvrages collectifs Non Published Papers; Dissertations... BOOKS / LIVRES - A - Ahidjo, A. Aletum, M. Tabuwe. Political Conflicts within the Traditional and the Modern Institutions of the Bafut Cameroon. Louvain, Belgique: Vander. Azarya, V. Aristocrats facing change: The Fulbe in Guinea, Nigeria and Cameroon. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press. Azarya, V. Dominance and change in North Cameroon: The Fulbe aristocracy. London, England: Sage publications. - B - Banock, M.

6. African Indigenous People Bamum africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples. Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi Aowin Asante Babanki Baga Bali Bamana Bamileke bamum Bangubangu Bangwa Baule http://www.archaeolink.com/african_indigenous_people_bamum.htm

Bamum Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu Bamun Art A good overview of Bamun art including a gallery. - illustrated - From African Art Museum - http://www.zyama.com/Grassland/index.htm Bamun People "The Cameroon Grasslands can be divided into three smaller subgroups, one of which is the Bamum. Within the Bamum complex there are numerous smaller ethnic groups, which are loosely affiliated with one another and share many historical and political similarities while retaining separate identities. All members of this group originally came from an area to the north and migrated in various complex patterns throughout the last several centuries." You will find material related to history, political structure, religion, culture and art. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bamum.html Top of Page

7. Africa Anthropology Ancient african Civilization african Archaeology. By peoples Asante Babanki Baga Bali Bamana Bamileke bamum Bangubangu Bangwa Baule Beembe Bembe Berber The indigenous peoples Rights Question in africa "This statement by Moringe Parkipuny http://www.archaeolink.com/indigenous_anthropology_africa_i.htm

Indigenous Studies - African Anthropology Home Ancient African Civilization African Archaeology By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu Abang Dance: Radiance from the River and Efik Ideal of Femininity "To dance is human, and humanity expresses itself in dance. Dancing interweaves with many aspects of life, such as art, communication, belief systems, social relations and political dynamics. Interwoven in Abang dances are three modalities: space, rhythm, and unity. Each of these modalities conveys its own distinct message(s) but interacts with each other to produce a specific form of dance as an expression and communicative art." - From Africa Resource Center - http://www.ijele.com/ijele/vol1.1/onyile.html Acacia Initiative: International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI) (3.1) "The Acacia Initiative: Communities and the Information Society in Africa Program Initiative is an international program to empower sub-Saharan communities with the ability to apply information and communication technologies (ICTs) to their own social and economic development." - From International Development Research Centre - Africa Online: Kids Only A great kids site about Africa. Language, people, land and culture. Offers games and online quizzes. - illustrated - From AfricaOnline.com -

8. Africa Indigenous People Resources Bangwa africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples. Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi Aowin Asante Babanki Baga Bali Bamana Bamileke bamum ArtWorld africa -Bangwa modules/africa/cultural http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_resourc.htm

Bangwa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA -Bangwa "The Bangwa occupy a mountainous and part forested countryside west of the Bamileke in south-eastern Cameroon, near the headwaters of the Cross River. They comprise nine chiefdoms. People live in separate family compounds, sometimes with large meeting houses where visitors may be received." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bangwa/welcome.html Bangwa People "Authority among the Bangwa was traditionally instituted as part of the Bamileke political complex. Like most of the western Grasslands people, Babanki political authority is vested in a village chief, who is supported by a council of elders, and is called Fon." You will find material related to Bangwa history, culture, arts, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bangwa.html

9. African Art On The Internet An annotated guide resources on african art. Royal Palace of the bamum (Cameroun), conflict resolution among architecture, Islam and indigenous african cultures, Shawabtis and 20 major peoples" from West and Central africa http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/art.html

Topics : African Art Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: South African Art Photographs 13th Triennial Symposium on African Art, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 31 March - 3 April 2004, African Art: Roots and Routes Click on African Art Triennial . Sponsored by the Arts Council of the African Studies Association (ACASA ). Events will take place at Harvard University in Cambridge, Ma. as well as at the Peabody-Essex Museum in Salem, Ma. and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~du_bois/ Addis Art - Nouveau Art from Ethiopia Artists include Shiferaw Girma and Lulseged Retta. Photographs of each artist's work, a biography, and video. Founded by Mesai Haileleul. [KF] http://www.addis-art.com/ Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afewerk Tekle "Ethiopia’s leading artist." Biography, his paintings, sculptures, mosaics, murals, art in the artist's home. Afewerk created the stained-glass windows at the entrance of Africa Hall, headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. "In 1964, he became the first winner of the Haile Selassie I prize for Fine Arts." "In 2000, he was one of the few chosen World Laureates by the council of the ABI on the occasion of the 27th International Millennium Congress on the Arts and Communication in Washington DC." He painted Kwame Nkrumah's portrait and was awarded the American Golden Academy Award and the Cambridge Order of Excellence England. Prints of his work may be purchased online. http://www.afewerktekle.org

10. Africa Today--The Reunification Question In Cameroon History: Was The Bride An E from africa Today Volume 47, Number 2 Chimy 1999). The bamum and Bamileke peoples in the British South 1953 to form the first indigenous political party, in Southern Cameroons http://iupress.indiana.edu/journals/africatoday/aft47-2.html

from Africa Today Volume 47, Number 2 The Reunification Question in Cameroon History: Was the Bride an Enthusiastic or a Reluctant One? Nicodemus Fru Awasom Permission to Copy You may download, save, or print for your personal use without permission. If you wish to disseminate the electronic article, or to produce multiple copies for classroom or educational use, please request permission from: Professional Relations Department 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 FAX: 978-750-4470/4744 Web address: For other permissions, use our online reprint request form Reunification discourse has generated controversy in Cameroon since the 1990s and hinges on the issue of the degree of commitment of Anglophone and Francophone Cameroonians to its realization. This essay provides a chronological, comprehensive, and critical survey of the reunification question. Often only part of the history is presented, either inadvertently or deliberately. It is argued in this essay that reunification was a minority ideology conned largely to the Cameroon people of the Southwestern quadrant. That notwithstanding, its chief proponents were Francophones who conceived it, propagated it, and sustained it until the United Nations recognized it in the 1960s. The 1961 reunification of the British Southern Cameroons and the former French Cameroons was an extraordinary event, as peoples of different colonial backgrounds decided to form a single state. It presented a countercurrent in postcolonial Africa to the prevailing trend of the balkanization of old political unions or blocs.

11. Musées Afrique indigenous Knowledge in South africa . Cape Town - Rosebank. Arts royaux des bamum. Aquarelles de Joy Adamson peoples of Kenya . http://www.unil.ch/gybn/Arts_Peuples/Ex_Africa/ex_Af_musaf.html

MUSEES Afrique Afrique du Sud Angola Botswana Burkina Faso ... Zimbabwe ou plusieurs oeuvres majeures. Afrique du Sud Cape Town South African National Gallery Government Avenue ma-di 10-17 Arts de la perle / Expositions temporaires Cape Town Gold of Africa Museum . Martin Melck House 96 Strand Street Bijoux d'or d'Afrique de l'Ouest (coll Barbier-Mueller); objets d'or des civilisations d'Afrique australe Cape Town - Gardens South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street lu-di 10-17 terres cuites de Lydenburg San (peintures rupestres), Zimb abwe Tsonga , Khoikhoi, Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu... Exposition " Ulwazi Lwemvelo - Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Cape Town - Rosebank University of Cape Town Irma Stern Museum Cecil Road ma-sa 10-17 Arts de Zanzibar et du Congo: Lega, Luba Durban Art Gallery City Hall lu-sa 8.30-16; di 11-16 Durban Local History Museum Aliwal Street East London East London Museum lu-ve 9.30-17; sa 9.30-12

12. Index99 Translate this page Comparative Perspectives from africa and Melanesia. Toward Traditional Resource Rights for indigenous peoples and Local Die Töpferei der bamum im Wandel. http://www.anthropos-journal.de/index99/body_index99.htm

INDEX 1999 AUTHOR INDEX GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX Articles Africa ... Oceania AUTHOR INDEX Articles Aguilar, Mario I.: Pastoral Identities. Memories, Memorials, and Imaginations in the Postcoloniality of East Africa 149 el-Aswad, el-Sayed: Hierarchy and Symbolic Construction of the Person among Rural Egyptians 431 Bartelt, Guillermo: "Hitting the Bottom of My Life." An Apache Talks about Jail 529 Bednarik, Robert G.: Der Kiesel von Makapansgat. Früheste Urkunst der Welt? 199 Blust, Robert: The Fox's Wedding 487 Dracklé, Dorle: Living and Dying. Images of Death and Mourning in the Alentejo (Portugal) 121 Ellen, Roy: Categories of Animality and Canine Abuse. Exploring Contradictions in Nuaulu Social Relationships with Dogs 57 Good, Anthony: The Burning Question. Sacred and Profane Space in a South Indian Temple Town 69 Gufler, Hermann: Witchcraft Beliefs among the Yamba (Cameroon) 181 Jahn, Samia Al Azharia: From Clarifying Pearls and Gems to Water Coagulation with Alum. History, Surviving Practices, and Technical Assessment 419 Jebens, Holger und Karl-Heinz Kohl:

13. Africa Today--The Reunification Question In Cameroon History: Was The Bride An E The bamum and Bamileke peoples in the British South 4 States in africa are essentially a nineteenth the indigéna, to which the indigenous people were subjected http://iupjournals.org/africatoday/aft47-2.html

from Africa Today Volume 47, Number 2 The Reunification Question in Cameroon History: Was the Bride an Enthusiastic or a Reluctant One? Nicodemus Fru Awasom Permission to Copy You may download, save, or print for your personal use without permission. If you wish to disseminate the electronic article, or to produce multiple copies for classroom or educational use, please request permission from: Professional Relations Department 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 FAX: 978-750-4470/4744 Web address: For other permissions, use our online reprint request form Reunification discourse has generated controversy in Cameroon since the 1990s and hinges on the issue of the degree of commitment of Anglophone and Francophone Cameroonians to its realization. This essay provides a chronological, comprehensive, and critical survey of the reunification question. Often only part of the history is presented, either inadvertently or deliberately. It is argued in this essay that reunification was a minority ideology conned largely to the Cameroon people of the Southwestern quadrant. That notwithstanding, its chief proponents were Francophones who conceived it, propagated it, and sustained it until the United Nations recognized it in the 1960s. The 1961 reunification of the British Southern Cameroons and the former French Cameroons was an extraordinary event, as peoples of different colonial backgrounds decided to form a single state. It presented a countercurrent in postcolonial Africa to the prevailing trend of the balkanization of old political unions or blocs.

14. 8r.com - The Simplest Way To Search And Buy: Books - Africa innovator introduced new ways into bamum country, even a single paragraph, and deals with indigenous beliefs in thicklipped, flat-nosed peoples descended from http://www.8r.com/simple/books/2918_index_page_no_2.html

Global-Online-Store (Germany) Elektronik Musik Musik ... Africa Books Popular Music Classical Music DVD Video Toys Baby Computers Video Games Electronics Software Office Products Magazines Outdoor Living Kitchen 41-80 of 139 Back Next 40 See Shopping Guide for Books - - Africa (The prices listed on this site are subject to change without notice; see help Africa: Opposing Viewpoints (Opposing Viewpoints Series (Unnumbered).) by William Dudley Paperback (January, 2000) list price: US$22.45 our price: US$22.45 Canada United Kingdom Germany France ... Ancient Egypt (Find Out About) by Philip Steele Paperback (February, 2000) list price: US$7.95 our price: US$7.95 Canada United Kingdom Germany France Card catalog description Questions and answers introduce the clothing, food, government, religion, and other aspects of daily life in ancient Egypt. This text refers to the Hardcover edition. About the Author Philip Steele was a student of medieval French and German literature, and has visited castles in England, France, Germany, Spain, and Poland. He has travelled to the Valley of the Kings and other sites of Ancient Egypt, and has met mummies face to face in the Cairo Museum. Philip now lives near Beaumaris and the other great castles of North Wales. This text refers to the Hardcover edition. Each of these guides is full of lively answers to all those tricky questions about how the world works. Browsers and young students alike will enjoy these lively question-and-answer books with their unique mix of realistic illustrations, fun facts, and engaging cartoons.

15. African Tribal Art Books (tw3)(afr1Page1) magnificent photographs of the indigenous peoples) (Keywords Culture history, material BoboFing, bamum, Bakuba the oldest members of the Meru people on every http://www.tribalworldbooks.com.au/afr1Page1.html

Africa page links Page 1 of 3 TRIBAL WORLD BOOKS Feature book of the Month Bassani , Ezio(text). ZAGOURSKI - Lost Africa. Skira Editore. (See this page for more detail) index Allan Cottrell (editors). EAST AFRICA . Time-Life, Library of Nations. BNo. 0-7054-0858-2. picture credits, bibliography, index. A very good copy in dust wrapper. Cvr: vg; dw: vg. Time-Life Books, Amsterdam, 1989. (This book describes the making of the three countries of East Africa and the diverse peoples who inhabit those countries now.) (Keywords: Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Uganda). Book Code: AU index Bassani , Ezio (text). ZAGOURSKI - LOST AFRICA . From the collection of Pierre Loos. BNo. 88-8491-008-0. First Edition, 2001. Pp: 237; 320mm x 210mm; 1.70kg. 321 b/w. Foreword, list of photographs. A very good copy in dust wrapper. Cvr: vg; dw: vg. Skira Editore S.p.A. , Milano, 2001. (A photographic reportage from the 1920s and 1930s portrays ways of living, ceremonies, adorned bodies of an Africa that can be aptly defined as "lost". These extraordinary, unpublished pictures, taken with great technical skill with a sense of great dignity of the people portrayed, constitute a monument to the

16. Teaching Africa For K-12 of the Royal Palace of the bamum (Cameroun), conflict africa/history/hisk12.html african indigenous Knowledge Systems year fieldtrip for young people to africa http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/africaneducation/teaching-africa-K

Topics Education : Teaching about Africa for K-12 Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: Absolutely Whootie The stories, for K-12, are taken from books and are revised by children's comments "to best please the audience." Includes stories from Africa. http://hazel.forest.net/whootie/default.html Africa - PBS / National Geographic / Thirteen/WNET NY Television Series, Sept. 9 - Oct. 28, 2001 Eight episodes cover the Savanna and a woman moving from the city to rural life (Serengeti, Tanzania), the Sahara (a 9 year old boy from Niger crosses the desert on camel to collect and sell salt, etc. Each episode has a slide shows, video clips (requires sound card, speakers). Photoscopes cover AIDS, urban life, conflict, women. There is an African Challenge quiz and teachers' guide (in Adobe PDF). In the Africa for Kids section , spend a day with kids from Ghana and e-mail them, play the thumb piano / record your tune, (requires Flash, sound card), listen to a Swahili tale or read it yourself, make a Dogon mask. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/africa/ Africa Access Guide to children's literature on Africa. Reviews are written by univ. faculty, librarians, and teachers many of whom are in African studies or have lived in Africa. Use the Search to locate, for ex., Swahili culture. Edited by Brenda Randolph. http://filemaker.mcps.k12.md.us/aad/

17. History - A Visual Interpretation By Emmanuel Akyeampong | Bmpix.org in West africa and the Portrayal of indigenous People and Culture,” History in africa, 20 (1993), pp. 89118. 14 Geary, Images from bamum, p. 11. http://www.bmpix.org/visip_emmanuel/introduction.htm

Introduction to Visual Interpretation of the Basel Mission Archive Photo Project Emmanuel Akyeampong (Harvard University) The Social Setting of the Basel Missionaries The Basel Mission Society (Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft Basel) was founded in 1815 in the city of Basel by members of the Deutsche Christentums Gesellschaft. One notable feature of the Basel Mission was that it was international and interdenominational from its onset. Its patrons were drawn the Pietist circles of Switzerland and neighboring southern Germany. The Pietist movement emerged in Germany in the late 17 th century, and shared important commonalities with the Protestant movement. It stressed the decentralization of church management and life, and preferred action to formalism. Protestantism had been declared in Basel in 1529. The Kingdom of Württemberg and the Principality of Baden in Germany were both major supporters of the Basel Mission. The establishment of the Basel Mission was part of a general trend in Europe towards the formation of mission societies among Protestants and the deployment of trained missionaries in foreign fields. The late 18 th and early 19 th centuries witnessed the founding of the Baptist Missionary Society in 1792; the London Missionary Society (non-denominational) in 1795; and the Church Missionary Society (Anglican), the Wesleyan Missionary Society (Methodist) and the Scottish Presbyterian Society were all formed in 1799. In North America the Board of Foreign Missions was established in 1810. These mission societies were an active part of the drive for the abolition of the slave trade and the emancipation of slaves in European colonies. In the first half of the nineteenth century, they extended their activities to the African continent in an endeavor to rectify the harm done by centuries of slave trading. The Basel Mission College was set up in 1816 to prepare missionaries from all over Europe for foreign mission work, reflecting a network that encompassed Pietists and Protestants.

18. Africa Update Archives africa as well as Vai, bamum and Nsibidi of West africa, constitute some of indigenous africa s writing systems French, to behave like French people, and think http://www.ccsu.edu/Afstudy/upd4-2.html

Vol. IV, Issue 2 (Spring 1997) Pan-African Language Patterns. HOME ARCHIVES Table of contents Editorial: Pan-African Language Patterns by Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Chief Editor Dr. John Tra, University of Missouri, Columbia, African/ French linguistic interaction: The rise of "Frebonics" Dr.Ayele Bekerie, Cornell University, A Philosophical Interpretation of the Ethiopic Writing System Dr. Hanes Brown, C.C.S.U., Africa and the Net L.Emile Adams, St. Jonsbury, VT, AfroJam: 400 Years of Jamaican Ebonics New Nation, Johannesburg, South Africa, De klerk: a fool or dishonest? Third Annual Conference of African Studies , Reinventing the Other: Perceptions of the AIDS Crisis in Africa The Regional Editors of Africa update Pan-African Language Patterns We have also included in this issue of Africa Update some comments by Ayele Bekerie of Cornell University on the Ethiopic Writing System, an African system of writing which is about 4000 years old, and, along with other African writing systems such as Meroitic and Egyptian Hieroglyphics of North-East Africa as well as Vai, Bamum and Nsibidi of West Africa, constitute some of indigenous Africa's writing systems. We have included in this issue of Africa Update a brief comment from the New Nation, Johannesburg, South Africa. A number of us here at CCSU share similar views.

19. Africa's Rich Tradition Of Mapmaking Underappreciated, Scholar Says has served to marginalize the indigenous cartographic record. . As it happens, africa has a particularly rich Lead by King Njoya, the bamum people developed an http://www.news.uiuc.edu/scitips/00/04maptip.html

Home About Us Contact Us For Media ... Search RESEARCH Science General Business Archives NEWS This Year Archives ILLINOIS IN THE NEWS PUBLICATIONS Inside Illinois II Archives II Advertising About II ... Postmarks QUICK SEAR CH Advanced MORE Campus Calendar Other News Sources RESEARCH Science Geography CARTOGRAPHY Africa's rich tradition of mapmaking underappreciated, scholar says Andrea Lynn, Humanities Editor (217) 333-2177 a-lynn@uiuc.edu CHAMPAIGN, Ill. Geographer Thomas Bassett wants to put African mapmaking on the map. Toward that goal, Bassett, a geography professor at the UI, has written and provided illustrations for one of the first reviews of indigenous African maps, hoping along the way to dispel some of the major myths about mapmaking in sub-Saharan Africa. Bassett's review is published in "The History of Cartography: Cartography in the Traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific Societies," Vol. 2, Book 3. In January, the volume received the American Historical Association's Brested Prize for the best English-language book in the ancient and medieval history of Africa, North America and Latin America.

20. Inside Illinois, 05/04/00 has served to marginalize the indigenous cartographic record As it happens, africa has a particularly rich Lead by King Njoya, the bamum people developed an http://www.news.uiuc.edu/ii/archives/000504.html

May 4, 2000/ Volume 19, Number 20 PDF format, which needs Adobe Acrobat Reader News Bureau Calendar II Info ... II Archives Research news Africa's rich tradition of mapmaking underappreciated Geographer Thomas Bassett wants to put African mapmaking on the map. IRA changes that let people withdraw early jeopardize their future Twenty-five years ago, Congress created the IRA (Individual Retirement Account) to encourage Americans to set aside a portion of their yearly income in a special tax-deferred account for retirement. But in recent years Congress has passed several tax exceptions that encourage people to "raid their IRAs" for immediate expenses that jeopardize the very savings the IRA was meant to promote, according to a UI tax expert who has conducted an in-depth analysis. Light receptor may be key in how animals use Earth's magnetic field A blue-light photoreceptor found in nerve layers of the eyes and brains has caught the attention of UI researchers who are seeking the magnetic compass that lets migratory birds and many other creatures find home using the magnetic field of Earth. Sea slug's shopping habits dictated by hunger, scientists report

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