61. Gay Alden Wilentz - What Is Africa To Me? Reading The African with the Sea Islands, Toni Cade bambara s The Salt desert areas of West and Central africa into the area, the less effect Islam had on the indigenous people. http://www.unm.edu/~exa10/595 Bambara 15.3wilentz.html

62. Past Exhibitions | 1996 was reared in a family who spoke bambara and French. state, preferring to commingle their indigenous cultures with of contemporary culture as peoples move from http://www.kemperart.org/exhibits/CatalogEssays/Ouattara.asp

Director's Welcome Visitor Services Facility Rental Media Room ... Return Policy Past Exhibition Ouattara: Dark Star September 12-November 10, 1996 September 12-November 10, 1996 Ouattara: Dark Star Ouattara Weltbuendnis , 1994 mixed media on tarpaulin 102 1/2 x 157 1/2 inches Courtesy Gagosian Gallery, New York, NY From the interstices of postcolonial history and memory, Ouattara's monumental paintings are hybrids of various cultural, social, spiritual impulses and histories, and seem to defy attempts to place them in a stable category. In fact, Ouattara resists categorization of his work; rather, he first conceptualizes, experiences, and then describes his paintings as universal, fluid, and, in his own words, "cosmic."1 Born in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Ouattara divides his time between Abidjan, Paris, and New York, suggesting the new global era of cultural intermingling, which transforms our boundaries. Because they are irrevocably the product of several interlocking histories and cultures S¹ people belonging to such cultures of hybridity have had to renounce the dream or ambition of rediscovering any kind of "lost" cultural purity, or ethnic absolutions. They are irrevocably translated. The word "translation," Salman Rushdie notes, "comes etymologically from the Latin for 'bearing across'." Migrant writers like him who belong to two worlds at once, "having been borne across the world S¹ are translated men." They are the products of the new diasporas created by the postcolonial migrations.4

63. The Matrix Of Consciousness VI The historicity of the peoples of Central africa is little known to world of tumultous changes and a state of continual ambiguity for the indigenous peoples. http://www.sibeliusmusic.com/cgi-bin/showscore.pl?scoreid=11351

64. Cote_dIvoire well as being a melting pot of peoples and cultures in the languages of nearby states bambara; Yoruba; Wolof in Côte d Ivoire towards indigenous musical styles http://musiquetropique.com/Cote_dIvoire.html

Biography Personnel overview music Overview is a country of 16 million in an area slightly larger than New Mexico and located on the Gulf of GuinŽa in West Africa, bordered by Ghana on the East; Liberia and GuinŽa on the West; Mali on the Northwest and Burkina Faso on the Northeast. Tropical rainforests cover the Southern half of the country and taper into rolling savannahs in the North and rise to mountains in the Northwest. A tropical climate extends inland from the coast and becomes semi-arid in the extreme North. There are three seasons: warm and dry (November-March); hot and dry (March to May); hot and wet (June to October). Deforestation has led to silt pollution of rivers and streams, water pollution from industrial agricultural effluents, and often torrential flooding in the rainy season. Water pollution from sewage is also a problem. Half the population practices traditional African animist religions. Followers of Islam dominate the Northern part of the country, constituting about 28% of Ivoiriennes. Christians comprise 22% of the population, mostly in the South. Christians and Muslims often also practice animism concurrently. In late 1974, one of the first recording studio/record presses in Africa was opened in Abidjan, prompting an influx of musicians that transformed Abidjan into the West African hub for musical and cultural exhange. Musicians from all over West Africa came to absorb new rhythms, demonstrate their own native beats, and endeavour to be recorded. Demand soon generated construction of additional recording facilities and pressing plants, and the development of a flourishing recording industry.

65. CPHP Southern Africa -Southern Africa Projects 9000 households or 60 300 people) in the that could result in increased bambara groundnut utilisation. inclusion simple diets for indigenous and hybrid poultry http://www.cphpsa.org.zw/print/southern_africa_projects.html

SOUTHERN AFRICA PROJECTS The CPHP started in Zimbabwe in 1996 and, since then, post-harvest research activities have spread to Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and Zambia. In its early stages, the CPHP provided training in Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) to 94 regional scientists who later used the techniques to identify and prioritise researchable constraints with farming households. Research focused principally on the identification of technical and market constraints and on the development of knowledge and technologies to resolve them. Participatory Farm Management tools (farm accounting, resource allocation and problem analysis) were also developed at an early stage in the Programme. Working teams of scientists conducted a matrix ranking of researchable priority areas and made recommendations for future work. Project proposals were developed through consultations with a selection of partners ranging from farming households to multi-national suppliers of inputs. The emphasis was on the need to package and promote research outputs so that the poor households would be able to use them to improve their livelihoods and contribute towards poverty alleviation. A sample of projects from the Southern Africa Portfolio SOME PROJECT SUMMARIES New Projects PROJECT TITLE Summary Farmer Organisations for Market Access (R8275)

66. General Facts About The Dogon B2, Continent/Areas, africa, C10, Percentage of indigenous people who learned their own language later Predominant language in use, Dogon; Peul, bambara and French http://www.ehess.fr/centres/logis/necep/facts.php?id_soc=12

67. John & Kernick - IP In Africa - Mali - Fact Sheet HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS Languages French (official), bambara 80%, numerous African Religions Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%. http://www.johnandkernick.co.za/JK_IP_Africa/Mali/JK_IPA_ML_FactSheet.htm

MALI - FACT SHEET Background The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government, and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. Since his reelection in 1997, President KONARE has continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In 1999 he indicated he would not run for a third term. Geography Location : Western Africa, southwest of Algeria Surface Area : 1.24 million sq km ( water : 20,000 sq km) Climate: Subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February Terrain: Mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast Natural resources: Gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower ( note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited)

68. Directors In Focus: Sympathetic Magic: The Cinema Of Souleymane Cisse Drawing on traditional indigenous lifestyles and Malian indeterminate period among the bambara people of director in central northwest africa, Yeelen focuses http://www.harvardfilmarchive.org/calendars/01novdec/cisse.html

DIRECTORS IN FOCUS Sympathetic Magic: The Cinema of Souleymane Cisse Harvard Film Archive wishes to thank Mantia Diawara, Professor of Africana Studies at New York University, for his assistance with the arrangements for this program. BAARA Director Souleymane Cissé in Person November 16 (Friday) 7 pm November 17 (Saturday) 9:30 pm Directed by Souleymane Cissé Mali 1976–77, 35mm, color, 90 min. With Omou Diarra, Balle Moussa Keita, Ismaila Sarr Bambara with English subtitles In this early work, Cissé focuses on a young innocent who has left the countryside for the city and become caught in the middle of social conflict. Befriended by the manager of a textile factory, he watches as his mentor is caught between the demands of a cruel owner and the needs of the much-abused workers he oversees. Having spent years studying Marxist ideology in Moscow, Cissé was the first African director to directly confront and criticize the condition of workers in the city. Yet the social constructs and characters he develops are presented with a clarity unencumbered by the typical moralizing of socialist films. FINYE (The Wind) Director Souleymane Cissé in Person November 16 November 16 (Friday) 9:15 pm November 19 (Monday) 9 pm Directed by Souleymane Cissé Mali 1981, 35mm, color, 100 min.

69. Mutilated Humanity have been not uncommon among indigenous peoples of our African peoples like the Dogon, bambara, and Lobi Among these peoples the fundamental law of creation is http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/second/montagu.html

Mutilated Humanity Ashley Montagu Presented at The Second International Symposium on Circumcision, San Francisco, California, April 30-May 3, 1991. Perhaps the most profound name ever bestowed upon a species, was that given to human beings by Karl Linnaeus in 1753 in his great book Systema Naturae - namely, Homo Sapiens . Linnaeus briefly epitomized this with the words; "Man, know thyself" ( Homo nosce Te ipsum ). This sounds like an injunction, and it is; but it was also intended to underscore the fact that human beings are the only creatures in the world capable of self-consciousness and contemplation and characterized by an unparalleled creativity. Yet an impartial survey of Homo sapiens ' record since 1753, would suggest that Oscar Wilde, as usual, was on the mark when he said that Homo sapiens was the most premature definition ever given a species. A possible improvement might be, in demotic English, "the wise guy, too clever by far for his own good." Perhaps the more appropriate appellation at this stage of human maldevelopment would be Homo sap , "the addlepated one." Not that the wisdom is not there as a potentiality.

70. West Africa: Proverbs And Evaluation or do they bear analogies to indigenous concerns claims made by politicians, the Hausa people comment quite Sa kogolen be dogo, in the bambara language The http://www.africaaction.org/docs00/prov0003.htm

Home Africa Policy E-Journal West Africa: Proverbs and Evaluation Presentations Africa Policy Outlook (annual) Resources on Global Apartheid Resources on Key Countries ... Resources on Key Issues Africa Policy E-Journal by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic Map of Africa Africa Bookshop Archives Africa Policy E-Journal West Africa: Proverbs and Evaluation Date distributed (ymd): 000401 Document reposted by APIC +++++++++++++++++++++Document Profile+++++++++++++++++++++ Region: West Africa Issue Areas: +economy/development+ Summary Contents: This posting contains a March 2000 article on participatory management and local culture, citing West African proverbs as a sophisticated and locally owned basis for evaluating the effectiveness of development projects. +++++++++++++++++end profile++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ APIC Announcement APIC's Africa Web Bookshop page on Education and Culture ( http://www.africapolicy.org/books/educ.htm

71. File Not Found - Office Of Information Technologies - University Of Notre Dame movement, the warrior tradition of indigenous africa, the jihad disillusionment s of Senegal and africa in the of the great oral epics of the bambara people. http://www.nd.edu/~ndoit/mrc/list/africa.html

University of Notre Dame OIT Search this site ND.EDU for Office of Information Technologies Get Started Services Help Desk ... OIT Home File Not Found The page you were trying to access is no longer at that address or does not exist. The Services listing at right may be of help in accessing the information you are looking for. Otherwise, you will be redirected to the main OIT home page in 10 seconds. If you have questions or concerns, please contact the OIT Help Desk by email or at 574-631-8111. Office of Information Technologies University of Notre Dame P.O. Box 539, Notre Dame, IN 46556 Phone: 574-631-5600 Email: oit@nd.edu Site Last Modified: Sunday, May 16, 2004 University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 Phone: 574-631-5000

72. Mali People - World66 People. edit this Religions Muslim 90% indigenous beliefs 9% Christian 1%. Languages French (official) bambara 80% numerous African languages. Literacy http://www.world66.com/world/africa/mali/people

73. ¤ Souleymane Kanté ¤ students from all over africa, primarily bambara from Mali the case of the nomadic Traureg people of Mali they had also been using an indigenous script called http://home.gwu.edu/~cwme/Nko/kante.htm

S OULEYMANE K (Maninka) people using their own language. He left to the world a library of nearly 200 books in N'ko on diverse topics ranging from poetry to physics, from astronomy to theology. Many of his works are still available from l'Association ICRA-N'KO Who were Souleymane's parents? Where did Souleymane travel? What inspired Souleymane to make N'ko? ... How did Souleymane die? The Beginning (map) Maninka-Mory village in the area. Souleymane's Parents Wassoulou area of eastern Guinea. After the Wassoulou was invaded and conquered by school to teach reading, writing and recitation of the Quran for free. His school attracted students from all over Africa, primarily Bambara from Mali, Maninka from Guinea, Djoula from the Ivory Coast and Minin from Sierra Leone. There were more than 300 students in attendance at Amara's death in 1941, making it among West Africa's most popular Quranic schools of its day. Before Souleymane was born, his father had a recurring dream that he would have an extraordinary son, whose reputation would spread far and wide. From a young age, Souleymane studied under his father until he was 19 years old, the year his father died. He assumed direction of his father's school; however, the school soon closed due to a lack of support. With the school's closure, Souleymane set out to explore the world. Souleymane's Travels la patrie The Inspiration for the N'ko alphabet map of modern scripts of West Africa) Vai alphabet Tifinagh script The acerbic words of Marouat's editorial stung young Souleymane's pride. After reading the editorial, Souleymane is said to have lost his appetite and suffered from insomnia, the writer's condemnation of African culture ringing in Souleymane's ears. Souleymane resolved to prove that African languages were not primitive and chaotic. He was determined to prove to the world that African languages were equal to other world languages, able to be studied, transcribed and used to convey complex ideas.

74. Indigenous Cultures, Kingdoms And Ethnic Groups Of Senegal - Encyclopedia Articl bambara belongs to a group of closelyrelated languages called Manding The Moors is the ancient name for the indigenous nomadic Berber people in North http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Indigenous cultures, kingdoms and ethn

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Indigenous cultures, kingdoms and ethnic groups of Senegal Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Senegal has a very varied cultural landscape and a history of kingdoms, empires, brotherhoods and colonial struggles (between and against colonizing powers). The ethnic groups of Senegal today live in relative peace and harmony, despite their diversity and differences in economic advancement. The main ethnic groups are the Wolof Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania. Iso639-code: WOL. It belongs to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Some phrases: Yes - Waaw. No - Deedeet. Good Morning - Jama nga fanaan. Thank you - Jerejef. Good Bye - Be beneen yon. The term "Wolof" is also used to indicate the ethnic group that uses the language. External Links Wolof - English Dictionary Click the link for more information. , the Serer The Serer (also spelled Serreer Sereer Sèrèr Sérér Seréer Sèréer Séréer , etc.) are the second largest ethnic group in Senegal and are a major group in The Gambia. Their traditional kingdoms include the Kingdom of Sine and Saloum. They are divided into several groups that speak mutually-unintelligible languages: Serer-Sine spoken in Sine-Saloum, Kaolack, Diourbel, Dakar and many other areas.

75. Bambara Language - Encyclopedia Article About Bambara Language. Free Access, No Un peuple, un but, une foi (One people, one goal one faith) Official language French (official), bambara, others Capital et pour toi, Mali (For africa and for http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Bambara language

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Bambara language Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Bambara , also known as Bamanankan , is a language Language is a system of gestures, grammar, signs, sounds, symbols, and words which are used to represent and communicate concepts, ideas, meanings, and thoughts; language is a "semantic code". The study of language is linguistics, an academic discipline founded by Ferdinand de Saussure. Those who speak a language are part of that language's linguistic community. Human languages Making a principled distinction between one human language and another is often not possible. One major issue is the dialect continuum phenomena, where the boundaries between named language groups are necessarily arbitrary. For instance, there are dialects of German very similar to Dutch which are not mutually intelligible with other dialects of (what we call) German. Click the link for more information. spoken in Mali République de Mali (In Detail) National motto: Un peuple, un but, une foi (One people, one goal, one faith)

76. The People Of Mali It is these indigenous cultures that are the subject for Ivoire and western Mali), and neighboring bambara, the Dogon often known only to the people who produce http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/p-ofmali.htm

ART HOME Program Goals Lesson Plans Year Plan ... Art Home The People of Mali Bibliography Art of Mali Art of Africa Artist of Africa ... Songhai Empire What do the people think about art What are their beliefs What are some masking trends today? Today, most of the population of Mali (estimated at 10,878,000 in 1995) is African. The major groups are the Bambara (the linguistic name for the Bamana and Bamakan people), Fulani (the English name for the Fulfulde or Peul groups), Soninka (which includes the Marka), Senoufo (the linguistic name for groups also referred to as "Senufo"), Songhai, Maninke (includes the Malinka and the Maninka), and the Dogon. Nomadic Tuaregs and other Berbers roam the Sahel and parts of the Sahara. In all, there are thirty-two languages listed for Mali, but French is the official language and Bambara is widely used. The Bambara are the largest cultural segment, but the Dogon (roughly 5% of the population) are world-renowned for their artwork and dance festivals (Grimes 1996; "Mali, Republic" 1998). The influence of the Bambara extends far beyond the areas that they inhabit. Art historians often include in discussion of the Bambara style the works of the Khassonke (of the Kassonke linguistic group- about 1% of the population of Mali), Malinke, Marka (of the Soninke group) and Minianka (the Minianka are of the Senoufo Mamara). Different variants of style cannot be easily identified from pieces that have been collected (Luezinger 1960, p. 76). While there are some distinctive differences, their sculpture was all in the hands of the Nuni (today called

77. Tostan News - April 2001, Updates An indigenous strategy for dissemination It is worth commingled with Mandinka and bambara speakers. to be spread among their own people, fisherfolk inhabiting http://www.tostan.org/news-april2001.htm

Click here to close this window Note: At IKNotes you can find these articles in French, English and Wolof. www.worldbank.org/afr/ik/iknotes.htm Malicounda-Bambara: the Sequel The Journey of a Local Revolution In the space of less than four years, a locally-impelled movement to abandon the practice of female genital cutting (FGC) has spread from a single village in central Senegal to over 200 communities nationwide, and to several other African countries as well. The path and mode of its dissemination carry a host of lessons and questions, about how indigenous culture renews itself. A brief reminder of the dimensions of the original initiative, and of the critical events that shaped its aftermath, will help to situate the story. In at the creation The turning point with the way in which things were being done.

78. God's Bits Of Wood - Les Bouts De Bois De Dieu soon have to learn Ouolof or bambara in order to shares with readers the customs of indigenous life in Ousmane presents complex people that create strategy as http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/texts/godsbitsofwood.htm

God's Bits of Wood/ Les bouts de bois de Dieu Dialogues Notes Links Teaching ... Citations Sembene Ousmane's third novel, God's Bits of Wood , was originally written and published in French as Les Bouts de bois de Dieu . The novel is set in pre-independence Senegal and follows the struggles of the African trainworkers in three cities as they go on strike against their French employers in an effort for equal benefits and compensation. The chapters of the book shift between the cities of Bamako Thies , and Dakar and track the actions and growth of the men and women whose lives are transformed by the strike. Rather than number the chapters, Ousmane has labeled them by the city in which they take place, and the character who is the focal point of that chapter. As the strike progresses, the French management decides to "starve out" the striking workers by cutting off local access to water and applying pressure on local merchants to prevent those shop owners from selling food on credit to the striking families. The men who once acted as providers for their family, now rely on their wives to scrape together enough food in order to feed the families. The new, more obvious reliance on women as providers begins to embolden the women. Since the women now suffer along with their striking husbands, the wives soon see themselves as active strikers as well.

79. Nations Online :: Mali People Nationality Noun and adjectiveMalian(s Religions Islam 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1 Languages French (official) and bambara (spoken by http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/mali.htm

advertise with us This page is part of One World - Nations Online the countries of the world Home Continents Africa Mali One World - Nations Online Countries and Nations keywords: Mali information, Mali facts, Mali geography, Mali news papers, travel Mali, tourist information for Mali, Mali map Note: External links will open in a new browser window. Official Sites Map News Culture ... Additional Links Mali Country Profile Flag of Mali Background: The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government, and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. Since his reelection in 1997, President KONARE has continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In 1999 he indicated he would not run for a third term. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook) related countries: France border countries: Algeria Burkina Faso Guinea Cote d'Ivoire ... Senegal Official Name: Republic of Mali local long form: Republique de Mali former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic ISO Country Code: ml Actual Time: Mon-June-7 09:32 Local Time = UTC Capital City: Bamako (pop. 1 million)

80. Bambara as a trade or common language by the people of Mali. wisdom and boldness among the few bambara believers. an indigenous church growth movement among the bambara. http://www.fbchsv.org/missions/global/bambara.html

Home Search About FBC Services ... Inside FBC The Bambara People The Bambara are a large subgroup of the Mande people (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke) of West Africa. They make up thirty-five percent of the population of Mali. The name Bambara means "those who refuse to be ruled". The Bambara people rank high in regard to the ethnic groups in Mali. This is mainly because their language is spoken as a trade or common language by the people of Mali. The majority of the Bambara are rural farmers. Their staple crops are millet, sorghum, peanuts and rice in the lowlands. They raise corn, tobacco, cassava and cotton as cash crops. Drought and ecological damage has hurt the crop production for many years. Most farmers try to raise enough food to feed their families each year, but usually fall short. What are their lives like? The Family is the most important aspect of a person's life. Family relationships are central to the social and cultural life of the Bambara. Women and female children are considered as property. The family follows a patriarchal system and the men practice polygamy. (Islam allows a man to have four wives.) Marriages are arranged to help strengthen relationships in and between villages. The extended family is very large and most of the family lives close together. Life revolves around the farm and the seven-month period of planting and harvest. Though it is mandatory for all children under 15 years of age to attend school, rural children, if they are able to attend school, do not usually stay in school long because of the work demands on the farm.

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