161. NewsHour Online: Human Rights Issues In The Balkans NewsHour Online and the US State Department http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/bosnia/human_rights.html

U.S. Department of State Bosnia Fact Sheet: Human Rights Abuses in the Balkans Human Rights Abuses The war in the former Yugoslavia has involved widespread violations of human rights and humanitarian law, including mass killings and murder, systematic rape, torture, and other crimes against humanity. The term "ethnic cleansing" has entered the world's vocabulary to describe the horrifying range of human rights abusesfrom forcible expulsion to murdercommitted in parts of the former Yugoslavia in order to achieve "ethnic purity." All parties to the conflict in the Balkans have committed human rights violations, but the great majority have been perpetrated by Serb forces. Some of the worst incidents include the following: In the fall of 1991, Serb forces shelled the Croatian coastal city of Dubrovnik, an action without military justification. Throughout the course of the conflict, Sarajevo and other cities have been subjected to indiscriminate shelling. Scores of civilians have been killed or wounded by snipers and cluster and napalm bombs used by Bosnian Serb forces. Six of these cities were designated safe areas by the United Nations in May 1993. This did not stop the shelling. Beginning in the spring of 1995, entire enclaves, ranging in size from towns such as Prijedor, Bijeljina, Zvornik, and Jajce, to hamlets such as Foca and Cerska, were "cleansed" of their Muslim and Croat residents in a Bosnian Serb attempt to "purify" lands they controlled.

162. Balkan Academic News A newslist comprising hundreds of scholars, activists, government officials, students and others dealing with or interested in the balkans and (to a lesser extent) CEE. http://www.seep.ceu.hu/balkans/

Subscription Balkan Academic News (BAN) is an electronic email group encompassing over 1300 scholars, activists, government officials, students and others dealing with or interested in the Balkans. BAN is intended to serve as a network for the exchange of academic information on the Balkans. It distributes calls for papers, conference announcements, book reviews, queries and encourages academic discussion on the region. Balkan Academic News is part of the Consortium of Minority Resources (COMIR) and affiliated with Southeast European Politics (SEEP). Book Reviews Messages Calls for Papers SEEP ... Contact Owner Search Now: Language Albanian Arabic Bulgarian Czech Farsi French German Greek Hungarian Italian Latvian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbo-Croatian Spanish Turkish Yiddish Direction Into English From English Word Balkan Academic News 2000. This page was last updated January 6, 2000. Balkan Academic News (BAN) is affiliated with South East European Politics (SEEP), which is an independent journal published by CEU faculty and students, with the support of CEU. The opinions published in BAN and SEEP do not represent the official opinions of Central European University.

163. CNN.com - U.S. Pledges Support For Balkans - April 13, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/04/13/powell.mace/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW U.S. pledges support for Balkans Powell was forced to call off visits to Kosovo and Bosnia SKOPJE, Macedonia U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell is wrapping up a European tour, voicing America's support for democracy in the Balkans. Bad weather forced Powell was to call off visits to Kosovo and Bosnia on Friday. He is instead meeting with representatives of Kosovo's ethnic Albanian population and the international administration for the province in the Macedonian capital, Skopje. The secretary of state still planned to meet Bosnian officials later in Sarajevo, Bosnia's capital. During Powell's three-day tour he has repeated a U.S. commitment to support Macedonia and to continue to help maintain stability in the Balkans. Powell's visit to the Balkans follows the recent armed conflict between Macedonian government troops and rebels demanding more rights for the country's ethnic Albanian minority. "You can be sure of the American support of your efforts, political support, economic support and military support," Powell told Macedonian President

164. CNN - Serbia Sidelined As Plans Unfold To Rebuild Rest Of Balkans - July 30, 199 CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9907/30/yugo.economy/index.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] MAIN PAGE WORLD africa americas ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pointcast DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Keyword Title Author Peace Plan Highlights Photo Gallery Strike Assessment News Video Archive ... Discussion Serbia sidelined as plans unfold to rebuild rest of Balkans The Serbian government says it has the resources to rebuild damage from NATO attacks VIDEO CNN's Matthew Chance looks at what is needed to stabilize the Balkans Windows Media ALSO: Balkan summit leaders endorse stability pact July 30, 1999 Web posted at: 9:24 p.m. EDT (0124 GMT) From Correspondent Matthew Chance BELGRADE, Yugoslavia (CNN) After 11 weeks of NATO bombing and years of international trade sanctions, Serbia like the rest of the Balkans has a ravaged economy. But unlike the rest of the Balkans, Serbia was excluded from talks to help rebuild the region. Leaders from nearly 40 countries endorsed a blueprint Friday for bringing peace and prosperity to the Balkans at the summit in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina

165. CNN.com - Europe To Debate 'Balkans Syndrome' - January 17, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/01/17/defence.uranium/index.html

world europe Editions myCNN ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... MORE HEADLINES CNN Sites CNN CNN Asia CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN Education AllPolitics Languages MAINPAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... IN-DEPTH EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Europe to debate 'Balkans syndrome' STRASBOURG, France Members of the European Parliament are to debate calls for the suspension of the use of depleted uranium-tipped missiles amid fears over a link to cancer-related illnesses. The meeting in Strasbourg will be addressed by European security chief Javier Solana, who was the figurehead of NATO during the 1999 bombing of Yugoslavia as its secretary general. NATO said on Tuesday that data from its 19 member states showed no link between depleted uranium (DU) munitions and so-called "Balkans Syndrome" cancers, but did recommend further scientific studies to try to explain illnesses among soldiers who served in Bosnia and Kosovo. The European Parliament will vote on Wednesday on a motion backed by major political parties for a suspension on the use of DU ammunition until investigations have proved that it is safe for troops to use.

166. CNN.com - Yugoslavia Joins Balkan Stability Pact - October 26, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/10/26/yugoslavia.balkans/index.html

world europe Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Yugoslavia joins Balkan stability pact In this story: Refugees face brutal winter Holbrooke praises Serbian example RELATED STORIES, SITES

167. CNN - Pentagon: Apache Helicopters, More Troops Headed To Balkans - April 4, 199 CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9904/04/nato.attack.05/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD africa americas ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pointcast DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Keyword Title Author Peace Plan Highlights Photo Gallery Strike Assessment News Video Archive ... Discussion Pentagon: Apache helicopters, more troops headed to Balkans AH-64 Apache Click here for more information RELATED VIDEO CNN's Christiane Amanpour reports NATO countries are deploying helicopters, troops and other resources to cope with the humanitarian crisis (April 4) Real Windows Media CNN's Mike Boettcher has the story of one family's ironic flight from Kosovo to Macedonia (April 4) Real Windows Media CNN's Brent Sadler reports on attitudes in Belgrade (April 4) Real Windows Media To view the latest video streams on the strikes in Yugoslavia, use the arrow buttons below to scroll through the video gallery. Windows Media 28 K 80 K IMAGE GALLERY: Belgrade cruise missile strike The Serbs and Kosovo ALSO: U.N.: Kosovo refugee flood could reach 1 million

168. Illustrated History Of The Serbs a new culture was developing the Iron Age - together with the formation of the first ethnic groups known in history within the Balkan peninsula Dardanians http://www.snaga.org.yu/Ilustrovana_istorija_srba/tekst/engleski/01/01-uvod.html

The Settlement of Serbs on Balkans and the First State Introduction Paleolithic - second period of the Stone Age ... The fall of the Serbian Empire1371-1389 The Settlement of Serbs on Balkans and the First State Introduction The territory of the Balkan peninsula, which the Serbs - a Slavic tribe - were to settle and in it create their states, was inhabited from time immemorial. Scientists believe that today's Western and Central European countries were inhabited already in the first period of the Pleistocene (Diluvial, Ice Age), and the man appeared in the Balkans in the period of the last glaciation (Alp glaciation - Wuerm) During those cold climates, 40.000 years ago, perpetual ice descended on 1.500 meters above sea-level. The first communities at the time inhabited caves. Research on these caves, in particular the one under the Jerinini hill in the villages of Gradac and Risovace on Vencac, allows us to recreate their lifestyle. The communities had 10-15 members each, from one to three biological families, who lived chiefly off hunting and fruit gathering. The man, already a Homo sapiens, shaped stone and bones into implements and weapons. He first hunted large herbivores (huge deer, wild horses, and cattle), but when climatic conditions changed (when the prearctic climate prevailed) he hunted mammoths, rhinoceroses, lions and hyenas. Owing to an extremely cold spell, (glaciation Wuerm 3) around 25.000 years B.C., caves were abandoned and human life ceased. The first chapter in the history in human life in communities on the territory of Serbia is thus closed.

169. Florian Bieber Contains articles, papers, links on ethnic developments in Yugoslavia, as well as postwar reconstruction. http://www.policy.hu/bieber/

Florian Bieber, Ph.D. Projects C.V. Publications Courses ... Email

170. Courrier-balkans Archives de la liste de diffusion depuis novembre 1998. http://listes.rezo.net/archives/courrier-balkans/

courrier-balkans Juin 2004 Mai 2004 Avril 2004 Mars 2004 ... Novembre 1998

171. Www.balcancoalition.com Organization supporting nonprofits throughout the balkans, and especially in Bulgaria's District Vidin and Serbia's Timok region. Features news, links, and a searchable directory of organizations. http://www.balcancoalition.com/

Office Supply Coal Web Site Search Engine Office Supply Coal Web Site Search Engine ... Shipping

172. CNN.com - U.S. Pledges Balkan Support - April 12, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/04/12/Balkans.contact/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW U.S. pledges Balkan support Powell said U.S. troops will continue as peacekeepers in the Balkans PARIS, France The U.S. has reassured Europe that it will continue to help maintain stability in the Balkans. Secretary of State Colin Powell met with other members of the Balkan Contact Group in Paris to discuss unrest threatening the region before travelling to the Balkans on Thursday. The group, which includes Russia, the UK, France, Germany and Italy, affirmed Western support for the Yugoslav Government, and its opposition to rebel movements in Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia. Powell, who travels to Macedonia on Thursday, also said that the Bush Administration has no timetable for the removal of U.S. forces from the Balkans. "We are constantly talking to our friends in NATO and others who are present in the region to see how best to perform the mission," Powell said. "But there is no endpoint. We have established no time by which U.S. troops have to be out."

173. CNN.com - Germany Issues Uranium 'all Clear' - January 12, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/01/12/balkans.uranium.02/index.html

world europe Editions myCNN ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... MORE HEADLINES CNN Sites CNN CNN Asia CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN Education AllPolitics Languages MAINPAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... IN-DEPTH EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Germany issues uranium 'all clear' GENEVA, Switzerland Tests on German peacekeepers serving in Kosovo have revealed no signs of exposure to debris from depleted uranium ammunition. The results were disclosed after the World Health Organization (WHO) said it was "unlikely" that DU ammunition fired during NATO's air war against Yugoslavia could have caused cancer. A special NATO meeting was also told on Friday that Portuguese soldiers serving in the Balkans are likely to encounter higher background uranium radiation at home than on their Kosovo and Bosnia missions. But Turkey said two of its soldiers who served as NATO peacekeepers in Kosovo had been affected by exposure to DU munitions. REFERENCE Balkans Syndrome Uranium facts Search for truth Depleted uranium effects Cause for doubt ... Cancer, leukaemia reports

174. CNN - Refugees Seek Peace, Security Outside Balkans - April 12, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9904/12/kosovo.refugees.01/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD africa americas ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pointcast DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Keyword Title Author Peace Plan Highlights Photo Gallery Strike Assessment News Video Archive ... Discussion Refugees seek peace, security outside Balkans Sarah Netanyahu, the wife of the Israeli prime minister, holds a Kosovar child in Tel Aviv RELATED VIDEO CNN's Catherine Bond is in Kukes, Albania, where family members are searching for information on their loved ones (April 12) Windows Media Some refugee camps are well-equipped, while others are not. CNN's Richard Blystone visits one of the worst. (April 12) Real Windows Media To view the latest video streams on the strikes in Yugoslavia, use the arrow buttons below to scroll through the video gallery. Windows Media Real 28 K 80 K IMAGE GALLERY: Burning flags and rock concerts: Protesting the NATO strikes Devastation of Kosovo capital The Serbs and Kosovo The Kosovar refugees ALSO NATO vows to prevail in Yugoslavia CARE, Australia demand release of aid worker who confessed to spying on Yugoslavia

175. International Crisis Group (ICG) - Conflict Prevention And Resolution Reports about the political situation in Macedonia. http://www.crisisweb.org/projects/project.cfm?subtypeid=9

176. Dossier Balkans - Kosovo - Milosevic - Amnistia.net News Dossier sur l'actualit© de l'exYougoslavie par le journal satirique Aministia. http://www.amnistia.net/news/articles/plusnews/dossbalk.htm

Newsport Recherchez dans amnistia.net: La crise des Balkans - le dossier Octobre 2001 Les mercenaires des forces multinationales Avril 2001 Argentine: trafic d'armes vers les Balkans par Robert Realley Serbie: par Robert Realley Mars 2001 par Patrick Farrel Serbie: les bonnes affaires de Telecom Italia Octobre 2000 Belgrade, nouveau pouvoir ou ancien cauchemar? par Zeno Mai 2000 Belgrade: intox sur le Net Encore un cadavre proche de Milosevic Avril 2000 FLASH-INFO qui frappe le clan Milosevic Janvier 2000 La mort du criminel Arkan par Maxims Octobre 1999 FLASH-INFO Juillet 1999 Russie - Otan: incident militaire au-dessus de l'Islande Juin 1999 Les USA veulent La guerre Kosovo: Eltsine veut "son" morceau Balkans: la "paix" et... maintenant?

177. Nationalism And Language (by Bozidar Jaksic) An essay by Bozidar Jaksic on linguistic identity and policy in the balkans. http://users.volja.net/romag/pub/Nationalism-and-Language.html

In the ex-Yugoslav lands in the nineties, the Biblical "In the beginning was the word" (John, 1.1) has turned into: "Some of us coin words as if they were knives, and some coin knives as if they were words". Nationalism and Language: A Balkan Experience Bozidar Jaksic Contrary to many European countries where language was the basis for constituting modern nations as political communities, in the part of the Balkans inhabited by intermingled Serbs, Croats and Muslim Bosniaks, membership in different religions and confessions was the basis for national division. Moreover, these nations were constituted as ethnic rather than political communities. In order to understand the recent Balkan experience of national, state, linguistic and other divisions, it is extremely important to answer the question why neither in the first (kingdom of) Yugoslavia nor in the second (socialist) Yugoslavia did the nations come to be constituted as political communities, but instead remained ethnic in character. Thus Serbo-Croatian in all its varieties, as the shared language of some Yugoslav peoples, has joined "dead" languages, such as ancient Greek, Latin, or ancient Slavic. The citizens of the newly-created ex-Yugoslav states have been wonder-struck: they speak a "dead" language, and have become polyglots. They can communicate simply and easily in four languages: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin.

178. CNN.com - U.S. Pledges Balkan Role - April 12, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/04/12/balkans.contact.02/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW U.S. pledges Balkan role Powell said U.S. troops will continue as peacekeepers in the Balkans PARIS, France The U.S. has reassured Europe that it will continue to help maintain stability in the Balkans. Secretary of State Colin Powell was speaking during a meeting with other members of the Balkan Contact Group in Paris to discuss unrest threatening the region. He later travelled to Macedonia where he will hold talks with top government officials on the recent armed conflict between government troops and rebels demanding more rights for the country's ethnic Albanian minority. The Contact Group, which includes Russia, the UK, France, Germany and Italy, affirmed Western support for the Yugoslav Government, and its opposition to rebel movements in Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia. Powell said that the Bush administration had no timetable for the removal of U.S. forces from the Balkans.

179. CNN.com - U.N. Plays Down Ammunition Risk - January 12, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/01/12/balkans.uranium/index.html

world europe Editions myCNN ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... MORE HEADLINES CNN Sites CNN CNN Asia CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN Education AllPolitics Languages MAINPAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... IN-DEPTH EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW U.N. plays down ammunition risk GENEVA, Switzerland The World Health Organisation (WHO) says it is "unlikely" that depleted uranium ammunition used by NATO troops could have caused cancer. The Geneva-based United Nations health agency on Friday issued its first recommendation on the ammunition since the beginning of the current controversy over potential health risks. The body concluded it was "unlikely" that exposure to NATO weapons containing depleted uranium could have led to a higher risk of cancer among military personnel who served in the Balkan conflicts. But it said that it was planning a study to "assess whether there has been an increased rate of cancer amongst military personnel who served in the Gulf War or Balkans, as well as amongst exposed populations." REFERENCE Balkans Syndrome Uranium facts Search for truth Depleted uranium effects Cause for doubt ... Cancer, leukaemia reports

180. CNN - G-8 Summit Ends With Promise Of 'strong Action' In Balkans - June 20, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9906/20/g8.summit.03/index.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] MAIN PAGE WORLD africa americas ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pointcast DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Keyword Title Author Peace Plan Highlights Photo Gallery Strike Assessment News Video Archive ... Discussion G-8 summit ends with promise of 'strong action' in Balkans MILITARY PLAN: ALSO: Yeltsin, Clinton hold face-to-face meeting Serb troops withdraw as NATO faces weapons problem in Kosovo MESSAGE BOARD: Focus on Kosovo IN-DEPTH SPECIAL: Focus on Kosovo June 20, 1999 Web posted at: 11:16 a.m. EDT (1516 GMT) COLOGNE, Germany (CNN) Leaders of the world's economic powers concluded their summit Sunday with a communique pledging "strong action" to stabilize Yugoslavia's war-torn Kosovo province. The United States had wanted to limit aid to Kosovo excluding the rest of Yugoslavia as long as Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic remained in power. But the communique requires consensus from the members of the Group of Eight, and

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