41. Science News For Kids: Snapshot: Male Baboons Get Mellow Normally, violence is common among adult male baboons belonging to the same troop.The big primates regularly get into bloody fights over food and females. http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20040421/Note2.asp

Home Article Archive Agriculture Animals ... Next Site Search Male Baboons Get Mellow E-mail this article Print this article April 21, 2004 Scientists have discovered a group of surprisingly peaceful baboons. Normally, violence is common among adult male baboons belonging to the same troop. The big primates regularly get into bloody fights over food and females. Males at the top of the pecking order viciously bully those at the bottom. They sometimes even attack female baboons. Female olive baboons, such as this mother, may prod males entering a troop to tone down their normally violent behavior. Photodisc The peaceful olive baboons, called Forest Troop, live in an animal reserve in Kenya. Researchers from Stanford University have been studying them since 1978. Back then, the troop's males were typically aggressive and violent. In 1982, the most aggressive animals started eating out of a garbage dump at a tourist lodge. The next year, infected meat in the pit killed these members of the troop. The laid-back males lived on. Over the years, the group became more and more peaceful. Even after high-ranking males from other groups joined the Forest Troop, they spent less time fighting for power than those belonging to a nearby troop. They left weak males alone and never attacked females. They were nicer to each other.

42. BABOONS: COLONY MANAGEMENT/VETERINARY MEDICINE Genetics in Nonhuman primates 1998early 2000 Feeding Ecology 1999-2001 EmbryonicStem Cells 1999-2001 B Virus 1999-2002 baboons Colony management http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/topics/colonymgt.html

[What's New] [Search] [IDP] [WDP] ... Current Topics Current Topics in Primatology Wisconsin Primate Research Center (WPRC) University of Wisconsin-Madison Primate Information Center-Seattle Baboons: Colony Management/Veterinary Medicine Paul EF, Paul J, Editors. New Brunswick: Transaction Publ. 2001, Pgs: 23-48 79. Klecha F; McCann C A profile of progesterone excretion during pregnancy in gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada). AAZK 27TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 8-12, 2000. http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/topics/ URL: http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/topics/colonymgt.html Page last modified: June 3, 2003 Maintained by the WPRC Library PIN Home Search PIN

43. Behavior Bibliography The book includes many photographs and an illustrated appendix of gesturalcommunication in baboons. de Waal, Frans BM Peacemaking Among primates. http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/slidesets/behavior/BehaviorBibliography.html

Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center University of Wisconsin 1220 Capitol Court Madison, WI 53715-1299 Library (608) 263-3512 / FAX (608) 263-4031 Behavior Bibliography BOOKS Goodall, Jane. In The Shadow of Man. New York: Houghton-Mifflin Press, 1971. The story of Goodall's behavioral observation of chimpanzees in Africa. Useful appendices in this work include "Stages of Development", showing infant behaviors at various ages; "Facial Expressions and Calls", with accompanying drawings; "Weapon and Tool Use"; and "Diet". Written for the general reader and containing many photos, this book is the story of both the scientist and her subjects. Goodall, Jane. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Pattern. of Behavior. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1986. Filled with information, the book describes the results of more than 30 years of watching chimpanzees in Gombe. It begins with a short history of laboratory research on chimpanzees, including studies aimed at examining their capacity to learn language and other mental abilities. Included is information on what happened to all the chimpanzees featured in Goodall's other books and videos, but the book concentrates on the results of her research. Details on chimpanzee behavior include communication and social relationships; friendly behavior; grooming; aggression; dominance; reproduction and sexual behavior; territoriality; hunting and meat eating; and tool use. The writing makes the information accessible to both general reader and specialist. This is an excellent resource for more information about chimpanzees.

44. Simmons: Graminivorous Adaptations Of Waveland Press, Prospect Heights. Dunbar, RIM, 1991. Adaptation to grasseatingin gelada baboons. primates, 33 69-83. Dunbar, RIM, 1984. http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/ANTHROPOLOGY/EA/simmons.html

Theropithecus gelada Graminivorous Adaptations of Theropithecus gelada by Leigh Simmons The challenges presented by inaccessible food sources may have played a large role in the evolution of the primate brain. Solving the problem of removing small nuts from shells or capturing tiny insects requires animals to be ingenious in their feeding methods; they may begin to mentally map the location of the food if they cannot see it, or they may use tools to access their foods (A. Jolly 1985). Theropithecus gelada of Ethiopia occupy a graminivorous niche; they feed chiefly upon the greenest blades of grasses which they must carefully pluck using their long thumbs (Krentz 1993). It has been suggested that the gelada, with their highly-developed precision grip, resemble the early hominids, who were also small-object feeders (C. Jolly, in A. Jolly 1985). Theropithecus gelada have adapted to a graminivorous niche in several ways, and this specific niche occupation has various effects on the gelada’s behavior. If their preferred grass blades are not in good supply, the gelada will eat roots, bulbs, and rhizomes; this dietary flexibility is especially needed during the dry season. Morphological characteristics specialized to the graminivorous niche include dentition, thumb opposability, robusticity, a seated feeding position, and terrestriality. The gelada’s occupation of a graminivorous niche offers much protection on the Ethiopian savanna; no other primate shares the same feeding habits and schedule as the gelada.

45. Asocial Baboons Make Successful Republicans Professor Eban Umanitis of the Baboon AntiDefamation League strongly criticizedthe study as demeaning to baboons, and higher primates in general. http://www.theassassinatedpress.com/lolla.htm

The Assassinated Press Asocial Baboons Make Successful Republicans By LUPE LOLLAPALOOZA The Assassinated Press WASHINGTON (Nov. 13) - Like baboons, Republicans with lots of alpha male friends are the most successful political predators, according to a new study that supports the idea that asocial aggression is an essential part of being a Republican. The study, appearing this week in the journal PseudoScience, found that Republicans who formed networks of alpha male predators were about a third more successful at raising money than were those who spent less time either drunk and/or alone. "We don't know how sociopathalogicalism helps republicans, but we do know that alpha males do better at eating their young," said Conan C. Agreshun, a Duke University researcher and co-author of the study. "It suggests that asocial bonds are an important part of being a Republican." Joan B. Sic, a UCLA professor and first author of the study, said the researchers analyzed how 108 males in wild packs of Republicans in Congress spent their time and how this might affect their asocialpathology. The Republicans socialize by aggressive infighting to stay on top, raping each other's wives and girlfriends, and forming tight coalitions against outside threats from the electorate, either with fellow predators or from other bands of Republicans. All of this helps establish a bunker mentality among the asocial males.

46. Frequently Asked Questions About Primates A Well, primates are so diverse and fascinating, it is hard to know where to end.But I selected baboons because they have been studied for a long time, they http://www.indiana.edu/~origins/teach/A105/lectures/FAQ.html

Questions on A105 Primate Lectures Here are (partial) answers to some of the questions you had about lectures this week. Let me know by email what other questions you might have that would be of general interest, and I can add them to the list. Questions about sexual dimorphism: Q : How can monkeys be big if they have to be? Is diet the only influence? A : You inherit the potential to grow a certain body stature from your parents. You can achieve that potential only if you have good nutritional health when you are growing/maturing. When I talked about male baboons having larger stature than females, this is a trait that is inherited. That is, it is an example of an ADAPTATION... a physical trait, in this case, that had a selective advantage for individuals, allowing them to achieve greater reproductive success and pass that on to their offspring. What is different in this case is that male and female stature can DIFFER in some species if the selection pressures on males and females differ... some alternative explanations for sexual dimorphism are described in Lewin Chapter 13. Q : Why is it harder for males to mate with females if the species is dimorphic?

47. East African Research Sites PRESENT, Eleven species of primates live sympatrically in Kibale, including speciesof nocturnal prosimians, several monkey species, chimpanzees, and baboons. http://www.indiana.edu/~primate/sites.html

East African Research Sites The primates featured in the African Primates at Home UGANDA Kibale Forest Nat'l. Park (Toro District, Western Uganda) LOCATION COORDINATES STATUS Recently upgraded from a Forest Reserve to National Park status ALTITUDE From 1,590m in the north to 1,110m in the south LANGUAGES TYPICAL VEGETATION TYPES Cyperus papyrus Pennisetum purpuresum ). Around Kanyawara Parinari excelsa is typical, while at the lower elevation around Ngogo Pterygota mildbraedii and Chrysophyllum albidum are common. Several species of figs are among the fruit eaten by primates. OTHER SPECIES PRESENT Eleven species of primates live sympatrically in Kibale, including species of nocturnal prosimians, several monkey species, chimpanzees, and baboons. Other wildlife at Kanyawara include hundreds of avian species, forest elephant, duikers, giant forest hog, golden cat, civit, genets, mongoose, squirrels, snakes, and rodents, and, rarely, leopards. FIELD STATION Makerere University Biological Field Station (MUBFS) RWANDA Parc National des Volcans (Northeastern Rwanda) LOCATION COORDINATES STATUS Gorilla g. beringei

48. EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS: Monkey - Turns Out That Most Primates - From Baboons To Bush Turns out that most primates from baboons to bushbabies - like to hangout with their friends and relatives. They aren t the only ones! http://www.romwell.com/videostore/educate/htdoc/monkeys.htm

EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS Monkeys National Geographic's Gorilla (1981) VHS National Geographic presents an informative and engaging look at the mysterious mountain gorilla of central Africa - a species once numbering in the thousands, that has now dwindled to a precious few. Contrary to its King Kong image, the gorilla is a shy and retiring creature. Renowned scientist Dian Fossey fought to protect these gentle beasts from the destruction of poachers in the volcanic mountain of Rwanda. National Geographic's Jane Goodall: My Life With the Chimpanzees (1995) This is a well made documentary with excellent footage, a complementary musical score, and a well organized narrative that gives viewers a full portrait of a woman who, in 1960, went alone into the heart of Africa at the age of 26 and remained there for decades studying chimpanzees. National Geographic's Really Wild Animals: Monkey Business and Other Family (1996) National Geographic's animated globe-on-the-go looks up some of his favorite critters in a worldwide tour of animal families. Turns out that most primates - from baboons to bushbabies - like to hang out with their friends and relatives. They aren't the only ones! Spin also checks out a bunch of different types of animal families such as elephants, octopuses, ostriches, and bullfrogs. Fabulous footage and swinging music videos will drive you straight up the family tree! National Geographic's Among the Wild Chimpanzees (1984) Jane Goodall is legendary among primate researchers, and for good reasonshe learned more on

49. Primates (Creatas) In PunchStock.com's Collection Of Stock Photos, Images And Il Get upclose and personal with baboons, chimpanzees, gorillas and other primates.Punchstock, Home, Help, Contact, Register. Login, My Account, Lightboxes, Cart.Go. http://www.punchstock.com/stock_photography/creatas/cd_6666161.html

Creatas - Primates Royalty-Free Stock Photography and Illustration Primates is just one CD by Creatas available for purchase at PunchStock.com! Primates There’s no monkeying around when it comes to the expressiveness of these animal shots. Get up-close and personal with baboons, chimpanzees, gorillas and other primates. Creatas Japanese snow monkeys in a thermal pool, mother with baby Creatas Japanese snow monkeys in a thermal pool ... The Ultimate Royalty-Free Resource Call Toll Free

50. Other Primates In Diani OTHER primates IN DIANI. on the south coast at Diani 1.) Family Lorisinae (bushbabies),2.) Family Cercopithecidae (vervets, sykes, baboons, colobus) and 3 http://www.colobustrust.org/primates.html

About Us Volunteering Core Programmes Trust ... South Coast Eco-Tourism OTHER PRIMATES IN DIANI A bstracted from information compiled by R. Eley and P. Kahumbu The colobus isn't the only primate in Diani. In fact, there are three primate families on the south coast at Diani: 1.) Family Lorisinae (bushbabies), 2.) Family Cercopithecidae (vervets, sykes, baboons, colobus) and 3.) Family Hominidae (humans). Vervet Monkeys Cercopithecus aethiops Cercopithecus monkeys are the most common monkeys found in Africa. Five of the 20+ species found in Africa can be found in Kenya and both the Vervet and Sykes monkeys can be found commonly in Diani. The Vervet (also known as the "African green monkey") is a grey-brown monkey with white under parts, white-fringed black face, long whitish cheek wiskers, white brow, black feet and black tip of the tail. Males posses a blue scrotum, red penis and red peri-anus and weigh around 4 to 6 kg and measure 40 to 60 cm when adult. Females are normally 2 to 5 kg and measure 30 to 50 cm. Female breasts also often have a bluish tinge to them. Infants have similar, but lighter, colouration and also have pink faces. Normally found in savannah, woodland, riverine, lake-shore and coastal forests - Vervets normally do not inhabit heavily forested areas of very open grasslands. They are widely distributed around southern Africa (south of the Sahara Desert) and are found throughout Kenya - even in the city of Nairobi!

51. University Of Pennsylvania : Research At Penn : Natural Science :: Primates Pull system where the primates recognize each other’s dominance and respond to playbacksof calls and grunts that simulate fights between baboons that run in http://www.upenn.edu/researchatpenn/article.php?771&sci

52. Yearling Baboons This, I suppose, is omnivory (and would apply to all weanling primates), but adultbaboons have to be regarded as folifrugivores, with 43% fruit and seeds, 7 http://www.psgb.org/BookReviews/ForagingForSurvival1998.html

53. Baboons Show Signs Of Abstract Thought, A Human Trait Previously, chimpanzees were the only nonhuman primates to demonstrate similar skillsin experiments. baboons are Old World monkeys that split from humans and http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/10/1018_wirebaboonthinking.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Baboons Show Signs of Abstract Thought, a Human Trait October 15, 2001 In a finding that has surprised researchers, baboons in laboratory experiments showed hints of abstract thinking by picking out various images on a computer screen. The discovery raises new questions about evolution and what distinguishes humans from the rest of the animal kingdom. The scientists in France and the United States who reported the results cautioned against reading too much into the findings at this stage of the research because only two baboons participated in the comparative tests and both were veterans of earlier cognitive experiments. Hamadryas Baboons Lab experiments showing that baboons may be capable of abstract thinking raises new questions about evolution and what distinguishes humans from the rest of the animal kingdom. Photograph by Chase Swift/CORBIS More News Kids News The Environment Travel National Geographic Channel Special Series Emerging Explorers TravelWatch National Geographic Out There Oceans ... Pulse of the Planet Moreover, the baboons had to repeat the tests thousands of times to learn how sets of images were the same or different.

54. Www.navs.org.uk | Vivisection | Why Vivisection Is Flawed Primates p primates in UK labs include baboons, macaques, tamarins, marmosets,and squirrel monkeys. Although basic, there are more guidelines http://www.navs.org.uk/vivisection/vivisection_flawed/Primates.htm

document.write(""); About vivisection Why vivisection is flawed Animal Experiments: The Facts Animal Experiments: The Shocking Truth ... Watch Video SAVED: Monkeys saved from neurology experiments and now in NAVS care. Read about our latest rescue Primates Primates in UK labs include baboons, macaques, tamarins, marmosets, and squirrel monkeys. Although basic, there are more guidelines for housing primates than any other species, but these are routinely ignored. Monkeys at St Mary's Hospital Medical School and the Institute of Neurology were kept alone in small cages - no dimensions more than a few feet, no bedding, no foraging materials, and harsh metal grid floors. Using wild caught primates in UK laboratories is 'banned' - unless a researcher makes the case that it is necessary. Baboons have been snatched from the wild because there were not enough captive bred animals available at the time. The lids of one eye of infant macaques were sewn together to study the effects on cells in the central nervous system. A chemical was injected into baboons' brains, and they were subjected to flashing lights, in attempts to create a model of human epilepsy. Yet the two best drugs for people have been on the market for decades, and do not work in the baboon tests.

55. WildNet Africa - Capture And Care Manual - Transportation Of Primates of Africa. The principles discussed can be applied to all small tomediumsized primates. baboons and monkeys •Are aggressive http://wildnetafrica.co.za/estate/capturecare/sectionb/b2_primates/03_espie.html

SITE MAP WILDLIFE LEARNING LIBRARY ... CAPTURE AND CARE This on-line version of "The Capture and Care Manual" does not contain any tables, appendices or illustrations. Click on the cover (left) to order your own printed copy of this publication. Editor: Andrew A. McKenzie Wildlife Decision Support Services Complete our guestbook form if you wish to be notified of the new edition. Transportation of primates I. Espie The transportation requirements of simian primates are sufficiently similar for them to be discussed as a group. The group includes the vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops , the samango monkey Cercopithecus mitis , the chacma baboon Papio ursinus , and the yellow baboon Papio cynocephalus . These are the simian primates occurring in the southern parts of Africa. The principles discussed can be applied to all small to medium-sized primates. Baboons and monkeys... •Are aggressive and strong, and are potentially dangerous. •Are intelligent and good at escaping. •When stressed, can inflict serious wounds on each other even if they appear to be compatible or belong in the same troop. Precautions •Each adult animal must be transported in its own cage.

56. WildNet Africa - Capture And Care Manual - Accommodation Of Primates Ensure that primates do not have the opportunity to escape. Doorsmust be padlocked at all times! How to accommodate baboons. http://wildnetafrica.co.za/estate/capturecare/sectionb/b2_primates/04_espie.html

SITE MAP WILDLIFE LEARNING LIBRARY ... CAPTURE AND CARE This on-line version of "The Capture and Care Manual" does not contain any tables, appendices or illustrations. Click on the cover (left) to order your own printed copy of this publication. Editor: Andrew A. McKenzie Wildlife Decision Support Services Complete our guestbook form if you wish to be notified of the new edition. Accommodation of primates I. Espie Usually only institutions such as medical research facilities and recognized zoological gardens are legally allowed to house primates on a permanent basis. These institutions are subject to a very strict code of ethics. In the research situation the housing of primates is highly specialized and costly, and the design of the facilities is often determined by the protocol of the experimental work. Zoological gardens have other priorities, such as the visual attractiveness of the accommodation facilities and the provision of adequate space for normal behaviour and reproduction. People outside of the above institutions are occasionally obliged to accommodate wild primates for a short period. The following account assumes that this is done within the legal constraints of the country concerned, and attempts to indicate the parameters that should be considered in such an event. The decisions to be made regarding the design of accommodation facilities for primates must take the following criteria into account.

57. Brookfield Zoo | Field Guide - Guinea Baboon limb and tree to tree. But baboons are primates that break the tree rule, living mostly on the ground. Their heavy body and short http://www.brookfieldzoo.org/pagegen/htm/fix/fg/fg_body.asp?sAnimal=Guinea baboo

58. Akio Mori / Publications primates, 38(1)7988. Iwamoto, T., Mori, A. Kawai, M. and Bekele, A. (1996)Anit-predator behavior of gelada baboons. primates, 37(4)389-397. http://www.pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/shakai-seitai/shakai/mori/MORIPUB.HTM

@X@–¾—YiAkio Mori) Publications Mori, A., Watanabe, K. (2003) Life history of male Japanese macaques living on Koshima islet. Primates, 44:119-126. Mori, A., Iwamoto, T., Mori, U. (1999): Sociological and demographic characteristics of a recently found Arsi gelada population in Ethiopia.Primates, 40(2):365-381. Furuichi, T., Idani, G., Ihobe, H., Kuroda, S., Kitamura, K., Mori, A., Enomoto, T., Okayasu, N., Hashimoto, C., and Kano, T. (1998): Population dynamics of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba. Int. J. Primat. 19(6):1029-1043. Mori, A., Yamaguchi, N., Watanabe, K., Shimizu, K. (1997): Sexual maturation of female Japanese macaques under poor nutritional conditions and food-enhanced perineal swelling in the Koshima troop. International Journal of Primatology, 18(4):553-579. Mori, A., Iwamoto, T., and Bekele, A. (1996): A case of infanticied in a recently found gelada populations in Arsi, Ethiopia. Primates, 38(1):79-88. Iwamoto, T., Mori, A. Kawai, M. and Bekele, A. (1996): Anit-predator behavior of gelada baboons. Primates, 37(4):389-397. Mori, A. (1995): Rank and age related feeding strategy observed through field experiment in the Koshima group of Japanese macaques. Primates 36(1):11-26.

59. Gelada Baboons Size Gelada baboons are relatively large primates, the average male is about30 inches tall and weighs 6580 pounds; females are about half that size. http://www.bronxzoo.com/bz-about_the_animals/263856/263945/264412

Home About the Bronx Zoo Rates ... Education Gelada Baboons Lifestyle: Gelada (pronounced "jeh-LAH-da") baboons are highly social and live in established family units with one adult male, three to six females, and their young. The females generally bond into a kind of ruling "sisterhood" led by a single female. The male gelada is almost twice as large and much more colorful than the female. Males have long, magnificent capes of hair that, depending on age, can reach the ground. If an outside male tries to take over the family unit, the females in his group may choose to support or oppose their group male. Regardless of who wins the competition, the females will chase the unwanted male away with a show of physical force. Both sexes have pale eyelids that are used for expression. Geladas are not territorial and it is not uncommon to find congregations of separate units feeding together. Habitat and Range: Gelada baboons live in central and eastern Africa, primarily in Ethiopia. During the day they can be found mainly on high grassy plateaus, but at nightfall they will retreat to the steep rocky cliffs nearby. There, they are protected during the night from predators and inclement weather. They are the most terrestrial of all the primates, living primarily off the grasses and seeds of the high mountain meadows. Reproduction: Most baboons have vividly colored bottoms that signal their readiness for mating. But because the gelada baboons spend so much time sitting, they have evolved a unique adaptation: an hourglass-shaped patch of skin on their chests that becomes bright red when they are aroused. In addition to her vivid "blush," the female shows off a series of swollen white vesicles (like blisters) on her chest and neck that are sometimes called a "pearl necklace." Mating usually occurs in autumn and the baby geladas are born approximately five to six months later. Females are considered adult at three to four years, whereas the males are mature at seven or eight years. Females only mate once every two years and generally give birth to one infant at a time.

60. VSC 443/543 (U Of A) Biology Of Nonhuman Primates over 40 genera and more than 100 species of old world primates have been They arePapio spp., the baboons; Cercopithecus aethiops, the vervet or African green http://www.ahsc.arizona.edu/uac/notes/classes/primatebiology/primatesbiology.htm

BIOLOGY OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES RESEARCH ANIMAL METHODS VSC 443/543 - Fall 2001 Lecture notes for November 7, 2001 Michael S. Rand, DVM Chief, Biotechnology Support Service University Animal Care University of Arizona - Tucson CLASSIFICATION OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES (see Table 1 Nonhuman primates are classified into four major categories: PROSIMIANS, NEW WORLD MONKEYS ( Platyrrhiny ), OLD WORLD MONKEYS ( Catarrhina ), and APES ( Hominoidea ). The true prosimians are primitive primates far removed from human stock and are found in arboreal habitats. The Lemuriformes of Madagascar are classified as endangered species and trade in them is not permitted. So far, no particular uses for them in medical research have been found. The new world monkeys (NWM) comprise two families the Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarinds) and Cebidae, the members of which vary greatly in size, diet, habits, and color. They are more distantly related to man than the old world primates and may for this reason be a less reliable model for medical studies. Only five groups are in regular use in laboratories: 1. Marmosets and tamarins (

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