1. Bolivia Indigenous Peoples Forests Menaced By Oil Exploration The second one is the Samusabeti well, which will affect an area inhabited by theQuichua and aymara indigenous peoples, already hit by repression against http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/35/Bolivia.html

2. LookSmart - Directory - Indigenous Peoples Aymara indigenous peoples aymara Explore the history and culture of grouporiginally from the south central part of the Andes Mountains. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317916/us147916/us10133057/us10134318

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Society Indigenous Peoples Indigenous Peoples Aymara - Explore the history and culture of group originally from the south central part of the Andes Mountains. Directory Listings About Aymara UTA - Language, History, Culture and Religion Read an introduction to the people that is written by Jorge Pedraza Arpasi with English version by Sarai Coteron. Provides comprehensive details and photos. Bolivian Plateau and the Aymara Indians Read a study of the origin of the Aymara culture, goals, research objectives, and learn about the adobe burial towers. EMuseum - Aymara Review presentation of background details on this group that includes culture, history, and characteristics of the land where they lived. We're always looking for ways to improve your search experience. Tell us how we're doing. Join the Zeal community and help build the "Indigenous Peoples Aymara" Directory Category IN the directory this category About Us Advertise with Us Advertiser Log-in Terms of Service

3. Indigenous Peoples Of The World - The Quichua aymaraQuechuan languages (of which the Quichua speak many the most widely spokenof all indigenous languages in The Quichua are also the only people to have http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Quichua

4. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Aymara (South American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedi AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information onAymara, South American indigenous peoples. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/A/Aymara.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 07, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia South American Indigenous Peoples ... Aymara By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z A Aymara, South American Indigenous Peoples Related Category: South American Indigenous Peoples Aymara I Pronunciation Key , Native South Americans inhabiting the Lake Titicaca basin in Peru and Bolivia. The originators of the great culture represented by the ruins of Tiahuanaco were very likely Aymara speakers. Although subjugated by the Inca in the 15th cent. after a long struggle, the Aymara continue to dominate the region, with a population of over 2 million in the mid-1990s. The Aymara languages make up a separate unit; they are spoken in Peru and Bolivia in the Titicaca region. The Aymara, conquered (1538) by Hernando and Gonzalo Pizarro, retained their pastoral and agricultural culture. In general, social organization was, and still is, based on the patrilineal family unit. Contemporary Aymara and the related Quechua peasant culture is a blend of aboriginal, Spanish colonial, and modern elements. See H. Osborne

5. AllRefer Reference - Peru - Indigenous Peoples | Peruvian Information Resource ones with the highest percentages of Quechua and aymara speakers. as part of the strategyfor ruling conquered peoples the indigenous people were defeated http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/peru/peru55.html

You are here allRefer Reference Peru History ... Peru Peru Indigenous Peoples The word indio , as applied to native highland people of Quechua and Aymara origin, carries strong negative meanings and stereotypes among non-native Peruvians. For that reason, the ardently populist Velasco regime attempted with some success to substitute the term peasant (campesino) to accompany the many far-reaching changes his government directed at improving the socioeconomic conditions in the highlands. Nevertheless, traditional usage has prevailed in many areas in reference to those who speak native languages, dress in native styles, and engage in activities defined as native. Peruvian society ascribes to them a caste status to which no one else aspires. The ingrained attitudes and stereotypes held by the mistikuna (the Quechua term for mestizo people) toward the runakuna (native peoplethe Quechua term for themselves) in most highland towns have led to a variety of discriminatory behaviors, from mocking references to "brute" or "savage" to obliging native Americans to step aside, sit in the back of vehicles, and in general humble themselves in the presence of persons of higher status. The pattern of ethnoracist denigration has continued despite all of the protests and reports, official policies, and compelling accounts of discrimination described in Peruvian novels published since the beginning of the twentieth century. The regions and departments with the largest populations of native peoples are construed to be the most backward, being the poorest, least educated, and less developed. They are also the ones with the highest percentages of Quechua and Aymara speakers. The reasons for the perpetuation of colonial values with respect to autochthonous peoples is complex, being more than a simple perseverance of custom. The social condition of the population owes its form to the kinds of expectations embedded in the premises and workings of the nation's institutions. These are not easily altered. Spanish institutions of conquest were implanted into colonial life as part of the strategy for ruling conquered peoples: the indigenous people were defeated and captured and thus, as spoils of war, were as exploitable as mineral wealth or land. In the minds of many highland mestizos as well as betteroff urbanites, they still are.

6. South American Indigenous Peoples Source NAVA s flags of Native American peoples www pages. flags have been adoptedfor the indigenous organizations of the Qhishwaaymara Indians (called a http://www.flags-by-swi.com/fotw/flags/sam-nat.html

South American indigenous peoples Last modified: by rob raeside Keywords: bolivia peru ecuador america ... mapuche Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors ... Mapuche Tupac Katari by The Tupac Katari Indians live in Bolivia and Peru. The flag is square and consists of 49 smaller squares in seven rows of seven. The squares are colored in diagonal lines from upper hoist to lower fly. The colors are light blue, purple, brown, pink, red, yellow, and green! I'm sure this is the only place you will ever find purple, brown, and pink stripes next to each other! An alternate design for Tupac Katari in Bolivia and Peru. Source: NAVA's flags of Native American peoples www pages. Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Tawantisuyu people in Bolivia, Peru. Source: NAVA's flags of Native American peoples www pages. David Lewellen Qhishwa-Aymara Indians (Source for all Qhishwa-Aymara flags: NAVA's Native American www pages.) by Kjell Roll Elgsaas by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Peru paired national flag. Qhishwa-Aymara sub-divisions: by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians of the Antinsuyu Region by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians of the Cinchausuyu Region by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians of the Kuntinsuyu Region by Kjell Roll Elgsaas Flag of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians of the Qullansuyu Region These flags have been adopted for the indigenous organizations of the Qhishwa-Aymara Indians (called a whipala (= banner) in Quechua language).

7. Aymara People South America Indigenous Studies indigenous South America General Resources. By peoples, tribes, associations. Adobeburial towers in the Bolivian Plateau and the aymara Indians Learn a http://www.archaeolink.com/aymara_people_south_america_indi.htm

Aymara People Home You may want to try these pages for additional information: - Indigenous Studies General Resources - Native Americans General Resources Indigenous South America General Resources By peoples, tribes, associations Aymara Ashaninka Bora Cofan ... Yanomami Adobe burial towers in the Bolivian Plateau and the Aymara Indians Learn a little about the ancient Aymara. - From Bolivian Expedition - http://users.utu.fi/matros/aymara/bolindex.html Aymara "The Aymara are an ancient people with a complex and still imperfectly understood history. They are a people rich in myth, knowledge and spirituality. The Aymara were the members of a great but little-known culture of the Americas centered in the ancient city of Tiahuanaco. Between 400 AD. and 1000 AD. Tiahuanaco was the capital of an empire that spanned great parts of the south-central Andes Mountains." A brief overview - illustrated - From Minnesota State University - http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/latinamerica/south/cultures/aymara.html

8. South America Indigenous Studies Native South America from 2003 indigenous peoples Human Rights Kechuaymara Kechuaymara works to improvethe quality of life of the aymara and Quechua collectivities in Bolivia http://www.archaeolink.com/south_america_indigenous_studies.htm

Indigenous South America Home You may want to try these pages for additional information: - Indigenous Studies General Resources - Native Americans General Resources South American indigenous people by tribes, associations Aymara Ashaninka Cofan Guahibo ... Yanomami Amazon Alliance " The Amazon Alliance works to defend the rights, territories and environment of indigenous and traditional peoples of the Amazon Basin. The Alliance is an initiative born out of the partnership between indigenous and traditional peoples of the Amazon and groups and individuals who share their concerns for the future of the Amazon and its peoples." Learn about the organization, its activities and keep up on the news. - illustrated - From Amazonalliance.org - http://www.amazonalliance.org/ Amazon Conservation TeamHome Page "The Amazon Conservation Team works in partnership with indigenous people in conserving biodiversity, health and culture in tropical America." Learn about their programs and there is a page for kids. - illustrated - From ethnobotany.org - http://www.ethnobotany.org/

9. Kechuaymara It has improved the agricultural infrastructure of dozens of aymara and Quechua thetraditional schemes of domination which act against we indigenous peoples. http://www.aymaranet.org/kechuaymara1.html

BACK NEXT The Foundation Current Programs Intership Program Contact us The Fundation A Brief History Mission Statement ... Short term objectives THE FOUNDATION It was established in the city of Sucre by a reunion of the representatives of 39 communities which proposed that the organisation should be controlled and directed by the native people themselves, on the 9th of September 1984. It obtained juridical personality in 1986. It has improved the agricultural infrastructure of dozens of Aymara and Quechua communities building systems of micro-irrigation, greenhouses, community centres, veterinary centres and also mobilising the conservation of soil and reforesting Andean spaces. It has trained indigenous leaders to occupy new spaces of power on the local, regional and national level, which includes and understanding of development as a way to break with the traditional schemes of domination which act against we indigenous peoples. There are hundreds of national and international development organisations in Bolivia, but Kechuaymara is one of the few development institutiions founded on an indigenous philosophy and by indigenous people of the country. It has a board Directors composed of founder members and representatives of indigenous communities who govern the interests of the Foundation. Its technical and professional team is made up, in addition, of indigenous men and women. A BRIEF HISTORY In 1984, Andres Jachakollo and Waskar Tupai Ari, two Bolivian Aymara, as members of a religious organisatiion discovered that spiritual activities were not sufficient to overcome the oppression suffered by the indigenous communities. They gathered educated indigenous people and representatives of indigenous communities to establish an organisation of indigenous communities that did not have religious or party-political ends. Jachakollo and Ari also proposed to set up this institution as a new way of struggling for human rights and dignity for the indigenous peoples, following the same route as the long history of indigenous resistance in the Andes.

10. Indigenous Peoples Council On Biocolonialism aymara CEMaymara (Bolivia) Human Rights and Democracy Movement (Tonga) indigenousNetwork on Economies and Trade (Canada) indigenous peoples Biodiversity http://www.ipcb.org/issues/agriculture/htmls/2004/pr_cop7.html

Search IPCB: Use for more specific results Press Release Dated: February 19, 2004 Contact: Debra Harry, dharry@ipcb.org Endorsing Organizations: Asamblea Nacional Indigena Plural por la Autonomia (Mexico) Asia Indigenous Knowledge and Biodiversity Committee (regional) Asociacion Napguana (Panama) Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios Aymara CEM-Aymara (Bolivia) Human Rights and Democracy Movement (Tonga) Indigenous Network on Economies and Trade (Canada) Indigenous Peoples Biodiversity Network (Peru) Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (US) International Indian Treaty Council Instituto de Desarrollo Integral de Kuna Yala (Panama) Na Koa Ikaika o Ka Lahui Hawai`i (Hawaii) Nga Wahine Tiaki o Te Ao (Aotearoa) Red Nacional de Mujeres Indigenas Sobre Biodiversida de Panama Tebtebba Foundation (Phillipines)

11. Cosmics Rights Of The Indigenous Peoples Translate this page Cosmics Rights of the indigenous peoples. Parlamento Qullana aymara PAQA (Bolivia)Comunidad Kolla Los Airampos CKOA (Argentina) Comunidad Kolla José C. Paz http://www.quechuanetwork.org/taripay_pacha.cfm?yanantin=yachay_12&lang=e

12. Indígenas- Indigenous Peoples Translate this page indígenas- indigenous peoples. la Republica Argentina Asociación Ixä Ca Vaá deDesarrollo e Información Indígena, Costa Rica Asociación aymara Inti-Marka http://caucusjovenes.tripod.com.pe/caucusjovenes/id9.html

document.isTrellix = 1; indígenas- Indigenous peoples Caucus de jóvenes contra la discriminación- Youth Caucus against discrimination. Home Calendario de eventos youth caucus (in english) afrodescendientes- african descendants ... Articulos CAUCUS REGIONAL DE JOVENES DE LAS AMERICAS DECLARACION DE LA JUVENTUD INDIGENA Conferencia Mundial Contra El Racismo, la Discriminación Racial, la Xenofobia, y Formas Conexas de Intolerancia La falta de reconocimiento de los Pueblos Indígenas como Pueblos es una forma de discriminación racial que nos afecta profundamente como jóvenes indígenas. Por lo tanto exigimos el reconocimiento de parte de los Estados la existencia de los Pueblos Indígenas como Pueblos teniendo en cuenta los artículos 1 de los Pactos de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y de Derechos Económicos Sociales y Culturales. Además es una realidad que los Estados, espacios de concertación y de la sociedad civil ofrecen muy poca participación de la juventud indígena. De igual forma las Conferencias u Encuentros Internacionales dan poca y en muchas ocasiones ninguna participación a los mismos. Deseamos expresar nuestra solicitud de tomar en cuenta a la hora de consultar y participar de encuentros nacionales e internacionales a los sectores vulnerables de las sociedades de América, dando énfasis a los jóvenes indígenas que es uno de los sectores mas marginados de las sociedades. 1. Demandamos la inmediata implementación de la historia oral de nuestros Pueblos a los programas oficiales de educación en todos sus niveles.

13. The Chaing Mai Affirmation Of Indigenous Peoples We are indigenous peoples and call ourselves aymara, Igorot, Ainu, Lahu, Yau, Akha,Taiyah, Karen, Dalit, Adivasi, Limbu, Manangey, Jumma, Kadazan, Rote, Chin http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/interreligious/cd36-11.html

The Chaing Mai Affirmation of Indigenous Peoples We are Indigenous Peoples and call ourselves Aymara, Igorot, Ainu, Lahu, Yau, Akha, Taiyah, Karen, Dalit, Adivasi, Limbu, Manangey, Jumma, Kadazan, Rote, Chin, Ibanag, Australian Aborigines of Meriam and Torres Straits Islander, Paiwan, Pazeh, and Naga. We are Indigenous Peoples proud of our heritage and traditions and systems. We are peoples with dignity and rights, with integrity and humanity, and determined to preserve, develop, and transmit to generations after us such heritage, traditions and systems. Our interaction together as Indigenous Peoples, at a multifaith meeting in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1-5 October 2000, have made us realize that we can affirm the rights and dignity, the integrity and humanity, and the spiritual sacredness of each one of us. We are Indigenous Peoples grouped together and in Diaspora into nations and communities around the world with a memory of colonialism and a continuing experience of plunder, assimilation and discrimination, domination and marginalisation, of oppression and exploitation. The different countries from where we come are nation-states whose controlling paradigm of governance is national sovereignty. Our indigenous nations continue to exist in the margins of the nation-state. Our marginalisation deprives us of creative and effective participation in the national decision-making processes.

14. Across The Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard Across the Americas, indigenous peoples Make Themselves Heard By H?tor Tobar LosAngeles This is where the aymara Indians of western Bolivia come to live and http://www.truthout.org/docs_03/printer_102003F.shtml

Go to Original Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard By Héctor Tobar Los Angeles Times Sunday 19 October 2003 Above the rocky bowl of La Paz, this vast township of brick and adobe homes stretches across a dry plain. This is where the Aymara Indians of western Bolivia come to live and work when their farms can no longer feed them. For the past week, the hardscrabble order of El Alto gave way to a fervor of rebellion. Armed with the traditional weapons of the Aymara people - sticks, slingshots and muscle - its residents fought the army, built barricades and derailed a train, cutting off and shutting down the capital below them. "We are not going to allow ourselves to be pushed around anymore," said Bernaldo Castillo Mollo, a 37-year-old Aymara bricklayer and jack-of-all-trades who was shot in the foot during the protests. "So that our children have a better life than us, we are willing to die." The Indian-led movement that brought down Bolivian President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada last week was only the most recent and startling expression of a growing militancy and political assertiveness among the native peoples of the Americas. In Ecuador and in Guatemala, indigenous leaders arguably wield more influence in local and national affairs than in any time since the Spanish conquest. And in Chile and Mexico, resistance to the changes brought by the global economy are helping to feed a renaissance of indigenous organizations.

15. Across The Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard | 18/10/2003 Across the Americas, indigenous peoples Make Themselves Heard (Reuters) October18, 2003. This is where the aymara Indians of western Bolivia come to live and http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/imf/bolivia/txt/2003/1018indigenou

Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard really interesting article from corporate media that just about gets it right with the movements in latin america maybe missing is the movements from north america it is a inspiring time in latin america Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard (Reuters) October 18, 2003 By Hector Tobar , Times Staff Writer EL ALTO, Bolivia - Above the rocky bowl of La Paz, this vast township of brick and adobe homes stretches across a dry plain. This is where the Aymara Indians of western Bolivia come to live and work when their farms can no longer feed them. For the past week, the hardscrabble order of El Alto gave way to a fervor of rebellion. Armed with the traditional weapons of the Aymara people - sticks, slingshots and muscle - its residents fought the army, built barricades and derailed a train, cutting off and shutting down the capital below them. "We are not going to allow ourselves to be pushed around anymore," said Bernaldo Castillo Mollo, a 37-year-old Aymara bricklayer and jack-of-all-trades who was shot in the foot during the protests. "So that our children have a better life than us, we are willing to die." The Indian-led movement that brought down Bolivian President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada last week was only the most recent and startling expression of a growing militancy and political assertiveness among the native peoples of the Americas.

16. OctDec2003Newsletter - Page 4 Of 8 Across the Americas,. indigenous peoples Make. Themselves Heard. By Héctor Tobar.Above the rocky This is where the aymara Indians of. western Bolivia come to live http://www.uctp.org/Volume6/OctDec2003Newsletter/index4.html

4 of 8 VOLUME 6, ISSUSE 4 OCTOBER DECEMBE R 2003 Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard Above the rocky bowl of La Paz, this vast township of brick and adobe homes stretches across a dry plain. This is where the Aymara Indians of western Bolivia come to live and work when their farms can no longer feed them. For the past week, the hardscrabble order of El Alto gave way to a fervor of rebellion. Armed with the traditional weapons of the built barricades and derailed a train, cutting off and shutting down the capital below them. ourselves to be pushed around was shot in the foot during the better life than us, we are willing to brought down Bolivian President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada last week was only the most recent and startling expression of a growing militancy and political assertiveness among the native peoples of the Americas. In Ecuador and in Guatemala, indigenous leaders arguably wield more influence in local and national affairs than in any time since the Spanish conquest. And in Chile and Mexico, resistance to the changes

17. Intervención De Norte-Sur XXI Translate this page de la Commission sur la situation de la nation aymara écartelée entre of Bolivia,for example, recognized many rights of indigenous peoples, including their http://www.puebloindio.org/ONU_info/info98/ONU_Com98_Norsud.htm

Intervención de Norte-Sur XXI COMISION DE DERECHOS HUMANOS Français (résumé) English (summary) 54° Periodo de sesiones Tema 23 Cuestiones Indígenas Señor Presidente, Los delegados indígenas presentes en los foros de las Naciones Unidas desde hace 20 años, reconocemos que en dicho transcurso, la valiosa labor de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos y de los demas organismos de las Naciones Unidas, especialmente la OIT y la UNESCO, empujaron a ciertos Estados a mejorar la situación legal de las Naciones Indígenas. El Convenio 169 de la OIT y su ratificación por diferentes Estados de centro y sudamérica influyeron positivamente en la legislación y en algunos países las reformas de sus leyes constitucionales. Asi por ej. la nueva Constitucion Política del Estado de Bolivia reconoce los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales de los pueblos indígenas, el derecho a su tierras comunitarias de origen, y reconoce el uso y aprovechamiento sostenible de los recursos naturales, su identidad, valores, lenguas, costumbres e instituciones. En otros Estados también existen leyes y decretos favorables a los pueblos indígenas. Sin embargo, es necesario señalar que en la mayor parte de los casos la práctica no confirma la letra. El caso de la nación aymara, dividido por las fronteras estatales de Bolivia, Chile y Perú, que sufre el despojo de sus aguas, lo cual causa la desertificación de sus tierras y la contaminación del lago Titicaca como también de los rios y por consecuencia de sus tierras y cultivos. Todos estos hechos demuestran la situación de desasosiego en la que viven los pueblos indígenas del continente americano.

18. The Constitution Of 88 :: Indigenous Peoples In Brazil - ISA 1992), aside from recognizing the existence of indigenous peoples, declares itselfa as official languages, aside from Spanish, Quechua and aymara, and other http://www.socioambiental.org/pib/english/rights/const.shtm

find your way: Indigenous peoples in Brazil Rights Can the Indian...? The Indian Statute ... International The Constitution of 88 :: Introduction :: Right to be different :: Rights to their land :: Other regulations ... :: Constitutions of other countries Introduction The constitutional Rights of the indigenous peoples are expressed in a specific chapter of the Constitution of 1988 (title VIII, "Of the Social Order ", chapter VIII, "of the indigenous peoples"), aside from other regulations throughout the text and an article of the Acts of the Transitory Constitutional Regulations. This deals with the Rights marked by at least two innovative and important concepts in relation to prior Constitutions and the so-called The Indian Statute. The first innovation is the abandonment of the assimilationist point of view, which considered the indigenous peoples as a transitory social category, destined to disappear. The second innovation is that the rights of the indigenous peoples over their lands are defined in the concept of original rights that are prior to the creation of the State itself. This is a result of the de facto historical recognition that the indigenous peoples were the first occupants of Brazil. The new Constitution establishes, in this manner, a new outlook for the relations between the State, Brazilian society and the indigenous peoples .

19. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS IN CHILE In relation with the right of indigenous people to participate well as the contractswith non indigenous that could of water rights for the aymara in northern http://www.xs4all.nl/~rehue/art/ayl2.html

URL: http://www.xs4all.nl/~rehue/art/ayl2.html INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS IN CHILE: PROGRESSES AND CONTRADICTIONS IN A CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION. Institute of Indigenous Studies University of La Frontera Temuco, Chile (Master Program, Faculty of Law, UBC) * Paper presented at the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS) XXVIII Congress, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, B.C., March 19-21, 1998. 1. INTRODUCTION. Chile has historically denied its ethnic and cultural diversity. The country's ruling class has been able to build and internalize in the minds of the people the idea that ours is a racially homogenous society, basically of European origin. This idea, which for centuries has been promoted through different means, including family, school, and literature, became dominant during the republican period, giving birth to the myth, still believed by many, of the Chileans as being the "English of South America". The few recognitions that were made regarding indigenous peoples' dealt with their past, not with their present. The image of the brave Mapuche who resisted the Spaniard conqueror due to their libertarian spirit, became socially accepted and promoted. Consistent with these ideas, until recently their current population was perceived by many as remaining pockets of the so called "Araucanian indians", living in small areas of lands or "reducciones" which were left to them after their territory was occupied by the army at the end of the last century.

20. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS IN CHILE - Notes signed by most of the Mapuche, aymara and Rapa and inclusion of the concept of indigenousterritories, were recognition of their status as peoples, with the http://www.xs4all.nl/~rehue/art/ayl2not.html

Notes Tierra, Territorio y Desarrollo Indigena . Temuco, Instituto de Estudios Indigenas de la Universidad de la Frontera, 1995), 195-204. Historia del Pueblo Mapuche (Santiago: Ediciones Sur, 1985), 15 Historia de la Civilizacion y Legislacion Indigena de Chile . (Santiago: Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas y Sociales, Universidad de Chile, 1948), 29-39. Nutram, Year II, No3,1986,7. Comunidades Indigenas de los Canales Australes .(Santiago: CONADI, 1995). Los Mapuche. Comunidades y Localidades en Chile. (Santiago: Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas; Ediciones SUR, 1979), 12-16. Los Mapuche. Comunidades y Localidades en Chile Los Mapuche. Comunidades y Localidades en Chile Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda . Chile, 1992. Problemas y Perspectivas para el Desarrollo Aymara Regional . (Working Document No 3, Arica:TEA, 1987). Ley Indigena: Avances y Obstaculos para su Materializacion en el Territorio Mapuche (1994-1997) , (Temuco: Instituto de Estudios Indigenas, Universidad de la Frontera, 1998 (unpublished document)). The total budget destined by CONADI to this land and water fund was of $ 13.220.153.119 (Chilean pesos), which is equivalent to approximately $ 30.000.000 (US dollars). The families benefited by this fund through the period reach to 15.358 according to CONADI. In CONADI ( Departamento de Tierras y Aguas Indigenas), Fondo de Tierras y Aguas Indigenas. Resultados de Programas Ejecutados Periodo 1994-1997

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