41. CENMI.ORG Grant (SIG), includes updated information on special education related CEN has archivedpast issues of Newsline in Behavior Support for Young children and the http://www.cenmi.org/focus/dispute/attachment.asp

Resources for Continous Improvement in Education The Michigan Department of Education Web site www.michigan.gov/mde The Michigan Teacher Network (MTN) www.michiganteacher.net , is a searchable clearinghouse of over 8000 educational resources correlated to the Michigan Curriculum Framework. In addition to seeing how a resource helps achieve curricular goals, teachers can view grade level designations, Web accessibility compliance, and many other details. MTN users can rate resources and describe their own uses for each item in the collection. The site includes a collection of special education resources; links to full-text education periodicals; and resources for parents, administrators, support staff, and all other members of the education community. MTN also hosts a new professional development events database. To find special education events, go to http://mtn.merit.edu/pdevents/specialed/

42. Support Of Family Caregiving For Children With Special Needs the usual care of children with special health needs E. Waters (Eds.), Growing pointsof attachment theory and use of help with infantrelated issues The role http://parenthood.library.wisc.edu/Pridham/Pridham.html

Home Topics Authors Work Groups ... Search Support of Family Caregiving for Children with Special Needs Karen Pridham, PhD, RN Professor Emerita, Nursing and Family Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison Rana Limbo, MS, MSN, RN Research Assistant, Doctoral Candidate School of Nursing University of Wisconsin-Madison Michele Schroeder, MS, RN Research Specialist, Doctoral Candidate School of Nursing University of Wisconsin Madison Introduction Family-centered care is a goal that is generally shared among clinicians who work with children with special needs and their families (Brooks, 1997 . Making the family the focus of clinical practices does not necessarily bring the family into a central and powerful role in the care of the child within the health-care delivery system. Nor is family-centered care automatically realized when there are intentions to fully involve families in the health-related care of their children. The goal of bringing families into a more central position in the health-related care of their children with special needs rests on the assumption that competencies are needed to be in this position. Competencies are constituted of knowledge, judgment, skill, and resolve employed dynamically in a specific setting or context, and are a function of available environmental conditions, structures, and supports . Another assumption pertinent to family-centered care is that families are supported in acquiring caregiving competencies through participation, guided by clinicians, in caring for their child's special health needs.

43. ATTACh ATTACh is an international coalition of parents and professional involved with children who have attachment difficulties. The organization is dedicated in promoting the identification of attachment issues, and effective interventions and treatments. http://www.attach.org/

WELCOME TO ATTACh The Association for Treatment and Training in the Attachment of Children (ATTACh) is an international coalition of parents, professionals and others working to increase awareness about attachment and its critical importance to human development. Founded in 1989 by leaders in the children's mental health field, ATTACh is an advocate for clinical education, training, research and standards for ethical practice. ATTACh also promotes accuate diagnostic classifications in the mental health field, generates public policy discussions and offers family support. Membership in ATTACh is open to any therapist, parent or individual interested in attachment issues. What's New: Call for Proposals has been extended until February 13, 2004. Save October 4-6, 2004 for the 10th Annual ATTACh Conference in Richmond, VA, Omni Hotel. Information gathered from Focus Groups at the Pittsburg Conference has been collated. Check out what participants told ATTACh and send your additional comments to: info@attach.org

44. Interactive Play Therapy Structured play therapy for children and adolescents experiencing attachment difficulties, overactive or aggressive behavior, ADD/ADHD, phobias, depression and other issues. http://hometown.aol.com/claruept/myhomepage/business.html

Main Business Park Other Home-Based Businesses htmlAdWH('7002182', '234', '60'); Interactive Play Therapy for Attachment, Trauma and Behavioral Disorders What is Interactive Play Therapy Interactive Play Therapy is a structured play therapy based on many of the techniques of Theraplay, for children and their biological, foster or adoptive parents. It is different than other forms of play therapy because the parents are trained as co-therapists and are able to continue the therapy at home with their children. Therapy is fun, physical, engaging play that is based on typical activities that replicate the natural, healthy interactions between parents and young children. Theraplay is a Registered Trademark of the Theraplay Institute. Who would benefit from Interactive Play Therapy? Children, ages to 19, with : Attachment Difficulties Autism Overactive or aggressive behavior ADD/ADHD Phobias Withdrawn or depressed behavior Temper Tantrums Difficulties socializing / making friends Services Offered at IPT include: *Non-directive play therapy *Interactive play therapy *Supportive Group Therapy for parents *Supportive Group Therapy for siblings *Assessments utilizing the Marschak Interaction Method *Intensive format for families who live at a distance *Individual / Couples counseling for parents *Parent education classes for parents / caretakers Christin LaRue, MS is a therapist in Philadelphia...

45. Attachment Issues For Children Under Five Years Old. . Advanced Therapeutic Tech Library . Professionals. Shop. Community. adoption shop all adoption.com. you are here adoption.com shop Seminar Training Tapes Advanced Therapeutic Techniques attachment issues for children http://shop.adoption.com/cgi-bin/store2/ADT00032.html

Popular local info forums photolisting international ... Professionals Shop Community adoption shop all adoption.com you are here: adoption.com shop Seminar Training Tapes Advanced Therapeutic Techniques ... Travel Supplies products for... Adoption Professionals Adoptive Families Children Hopeful Parents ... New Families Attachment Issues for Children Under Five Years Old SKU: Quantity: R Attachment Issues for Children Under Five Years Old Our Price: Availability: Usually ships in expected delivery in 3 to 5 days Product Description Write a review for this product and get a $5.00 gift certificate Product Description Attachment issues have their roots in the first years of life but are often undiagnosed and untreated until much later. This workshop will discuss the causes and characteristics of attachment issues, as well as interventions to help infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and their parents. Speaker(s): Regina Kupecky, Attachment and Bonding Center of Ohio Reviews for "Attachment Issues for Children Under Five Years Old" Currently No Reviews For This Product Be the first to write an online review (and recieve a $5.00 gift certificate*)

46. Institute For Children And Families Areas of expertise at the West Chester, Pennsylvania institute are reactive attachment disorder, PTSD, ADHD, adoption issues, pediatric trauma and sexual abuse, childhood anxiety and depression. http://www.instituteforchildren.com/

This site requires JavaScript. Your browser is currently running without scripting enabled. We regret that you are unable to access this site unless you enable scripting. If you want to see the new web site for the Institute, please go to your browser and enable scripting. A Message from Lark Eshleman, PhD Director, Institute for Children and Families We at the Institute for Children and Families are dedicated to healing and hope. You can join us in this work. The Institute for Children and Families is a leading national center for treating children who suffer from the lasting effects of early trauma, or from serious and destructive breaks in the bonding or attachment process between child and parent. Individuals who experience emotional traumas as children are often left with persistent disorders, including an impaired capacity to form healthy familial and social attachments. Early childhood is the period during which the foundations for trust, empathy, conscience and lifelong learning are laid down - or during which a predisposition to violent behavior is established. When the effects of childhood trauma are untreated, the impact on individuals, families and society as a whole can be devastating. We at the Institute work hard to undo the damage and foster healing. We at the Institute for Children and Families hope you will explore the web site and that you gain knowledge, hope and empowerment from what you find. If you need our help or want more information, please contact us by phone at (610) 431-9508, e-mail us at

47. RadKid.Org: Reactive Attachment Disorder And Detachment Issues Find information, ideas, and support for parents and caregivers of children with detachment disorder. Includes a support forum and a resource directory for childhood behavioral issues. http://radkid.org/

To Contact Ken Reactive Attachment Disorder I had heard of the terms before, but until I agreed to take my 12-year-old nephew in, “reactive attachment disorder”, sometimes known as “detachment disorder”, or simply “attachment disorder”, held no personal significance to me. My wife and I took our nephew in to live with us a year ago last January. While we knew, and anticipated that there would be problems, we had no idea as to the extent of his disability. Our nephew was diagnosed with Reactive Attachment Disorder, or RAD, shortly after coming to live with us in January of 2002; and despite the fact that this is a disorder that was barely on my screen of consciousness prior to that time, my wife and I have both come to understand it reasonably well. Making it go away was another matter entirely. As a paramedic for 20 years, I have come to appreciate signs and symptoms pointing to specific diagnoses, yet was astounded to see how closely and how clearly our nephew fit the pattern for reactive attachment disorder. I only wish that treating the problem were as easy as diagnosing it appears to be. Through books, tapes, classes, and conferences, my wife and I have been devouring all of the useful information we can find on attachment disorders and, as we have learned more, we’ve added to this site. If you’ve just begun your own search for ways in which you can help your child, this is a good place to start. We have included links to books that may be helpful and to other useful sites we’ve found on the Internet. We’ve also created a support board on Delphi Forums, and you can find a link to it in our Books and Resources section, along with other support forums on the subject.’

48. Shop - Attachment Parenting - The Natural Child Project This special issue includes the CDROM A Certificate for Parenting , a most ElliottBarker of the Canadian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to children. http://www.naturalchild.com/shop/booklets/ep_cd.html

The Natural Child Project Shop Empathic Parenting Special Issue with CD-ROM This special issue includes the CD-ROM "A Certificate for Parenting", a most impressive and interesting parenting course designed by Dr. Elliott Barker of the Canadian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Ideal for parenting and prenatal classes, family resource centers, and new and expectant parents. Compatible with PC and Macintosh (requires only a web browser). To visit the Empathic Parenting web site, click here Each copy Also available as part of a gift set Call us toll-free at for questions or telephone orders, or write to us at Help support this website - please consider a donation

49. Attachment Disorder Site - Providing Hope And Support. Provides information and support to persons dealing with attachment disorder and the many related problems that these children face. Also includes information on parenting, treatment, and school issues. http://www.attachmentdisorder.net

Welcome to the Attachment Disorder Site Subscribe to our secure EMAIL SUPPORT LIST! Greetings Welcome to the Attachment Disorder Site, home of the Attachment Disorder Support List . Here you will find a wide variety of information to help you understand attachment issues. Attachment Disorders range in severity. In fact, the attachment continuum runs from securely attached through degrees of attachment issues all the way to those who suffer from severe attachment disorder as in my son's case. With the addition of hundreds of children adopted from institutional settings and from the foster care system, it is important for all of us to become educated regarding the potential and unique problems these children and their families face. It is by this understanding that we can forge ahead and learn to help our families heal. We must also remember that all adopted and foster care kids do not suffer from attachment disorder. A lot has to do with the individuals themselves - their physiological and psychological make-up, the type of environment they were in and the duration they were in that environment. With this in mind, we do not want people to become wary of adoption because of attachment disorder. We want people to become educated about it. I often wish I had known what was wrong sooner as I look back on years that were spent utilizing ineffective therapies and parenting strategies. We would have started on the road to healing sooner.

50. Growth And Feeding Issues Of Children Articles and resources on growth and feeding issues of children. Websites and mailing lists for parents of children with feeding issues. children's Disabilities and special Needs Resources . http://www.comeunity.com/premature/child/growth

i Growth and Feeding Issues of Children "I hold my breath every time he gets on the doctor's scale. It seems to be the ultimate test of my worthiness as a parent." Laura Williams, Feeding Issues Discussion Board. Feeding Articles Sensory Integration and Feeding Mailing Lists and Links Feeding Articles Meal Time Hints For Children With Food Aversion Suggestions for feeding children with tactile sensitivity or other issues that effect eating. Rachel Browne Hints On Feeding A Child With Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing) Diet and feeding hints for children with dysphagia from the mother of preemie twins. Barb Wagner Sensory Integration Issues and Eating Oral Defensiveness Activities Sensory integration issues can play a big role in feeding issues of young children. Here are some oral sensory integration activities for the home. Virginia Brick and Jacque Shatako Prematurity and Growth and Feeding Issues Will My Baby "Catch Up"?

51. Resources On Teen And Family Issues SelfHelp and Support Groups. special Education. Asperger Syndrome. attachmentand attachment Disorder. Self-Injury. Sexual Behaviors issues and Concerns. http://www.focusas.com/Resources.html

Focus Adolescent Services Need help for your teen? Call FocusAS or M-F 9 am-5 pm EST Resources on Teen and Family Issues Click here to find out if your child is at-risk, displaying self-destructive behaviors, and needs your help and intervention. Home Resources State Directory Schools ... Contact To find information and resources on teen and family issues, search FocusAS All Any or click on the categories below. Adolescence Anger and Violence ADD/ADHD Behavior Problems ... Teaching and Learning Are you looking for a private boarding school or residential program for your teen? To receive information, click here Adolescence Adolescent development, teen identity, teen issues. Visit these pages for more information. Adolescence Abuse: Physical, Emotional, Sexual, Neglect Accountability: The Cornerstone of Family Relationships Alcohol and Teen Drinking ... Anger in Our Teens and in Ourselves The forms and underlying reasons of angry behavior, identifying and managing anger, and what parents can do.

52. Suggestions For Parenting The Older Adopted Child With Attachment Issues - Attac birthparents community foster care sealed records adoptee support special needs.Suggestions for Parenting the Older Adopted Child with attachment issues. http://library.adoption.com/Attachment-and-Bonding/Suggestions-for-Parenting-the

adoption.com local info forums photolisting ... Community you are here: adoption.com library special needs attachment and bonding ... submit content resources adoption encyclopedia adoption glossary adoption acronyms adoption laws ... lullabies adoption forums choose one guatemala international adoptive parents support russia adoption adoptees birthparents community foster care sealed records adoptee support special needs Suggestions for Parenting the Older Adopted Child with Attachment Issues Brenda McCreight Page 1 of 4 email article to friend printer friendly version most popular articles read comments review article add to favorites 1. Acquire knowledge about the child's needs 2. Become skilled in meeting those needs 3. Create support for the child, the siblings living in the home, and the parents 4. Develop patience and tolerance 5. Embrace the adoptive relationship as a lifelong commitment. 6. Face the facts, and accept the child for who he is now. Attachment Reduce expectations: Developing an attached relationship may take a long time. In some instances, it may take until the child has reached adulthood. She may need that distance from her early trauma in order to look back and realistically evaluate what the adoptive parents are offering. Parents who feel that they cannot possibly wait that long for a child to bond may want to consider a child with an

53. Attachment Disorder Site - Providing Hope And Support. is working toward helping teachers recognize attachment disorder in Program specialists,and other special Education teachers He said, “issues with trust are http://www.attachmentdisorder.net/School_Links.htm

Welcome to the Attachment Disorder Site School Issues Meet Ann I was contacted by Ann - a teacher - who also adopted a child who suffered with attachment disorder. She is working toward helping teachers recognize attachment disorder in their students. Many times, the symptoms parents experience are not what the teacher experiences. Read more about Ann and her son, Andy and find out how you can help... Who I Am and Why I Wrote This I am trying to collect anecdotal information about school behaviors teachers observe in Attachment Disordered students. I hope eventually to disseminate a list of school symptoms so teachers will be able to give parents information that may someday save them from our heartache. This is the list so far: unusual gait when walking (only sometimes) walking pidgin toed, toe-walking or with feet turned out excessively - NOTE: often associated with Sensory Integration Disorder hyperactivity lack of concentration hoarding food, eating too fast or too much

54. Attachment Disorder Site - Providing Hope And Support. chance at healing if all her issues are addressed attachment and Bonding in Adoptionby Rebecca M Information for Families special Needs Adoptions by Cathy http://www.attachmentdisorder.net/Domestic.htm

Welcome to the Attachment Disorder Site Subscribe to our Secure Email List Adoption Information I know from our own experience and from talking to others that an adopted child may face a myriad of issues. It is vital to get the proper diagnosis and treatment for your child. If your child suffers from attachment disorder or other disorders or conditions, she will have a better chance at healing if all her issues are addressed appropriately. ARTICLES ABOUT ADOPTIONS Attachment and Bonding in Adoption by Rebecca M. Thomas Information for Families - Special Needs Adoptions by Cathy Helding Disruption of an Adoption by Cathy Helding Adoptees and Foster Children by Cathy Helding Adoption Subsidies ACE article Adopting a Child with Developmental Disabilities From NAIC Adopting Children with Special Needs From NAIC Developmental Stages and Adoption From Adoptions.Com Roots and Wings - Adoption Magazine What You Should Know Before You Adopt a Child ACE article Life Story Book by Vera Fahlberg Tim O'Hanlon and Rita Laws Adoption Assistance Contracts ADOPTION SITES Adoption Advocates Tim O'Hanlon's site Adopting.Org

55. The Welcome Garden attachment Disorder Site http//www.attachmentdisorder.net For help with adoptedspecial needs children . The Primal Wound http//www.primalwound.com/ issues http://www.welcomegarden.com/special_needs.htm

Special Needs Resources SPECIAL NEEDS THAT MAY BE RELEVANT TO SOME ADOPTED CHILDREN Go directly to the special need topic by depressing one of the titles shown: - Updated 10/03 - AMPUTEES APRAXIA ATTACHMENT ATTENTION DEFICIT ... TOURETTE SYNDROME AMPUTEES: Above Knee Amputees http://abovekneeamputee.com/ Aiding amputees to successful prosthesis acclimation. Amputee Coalition of America http://www.amputee-coalition.org National Limb Loss Information Center. Amputee Information Resource Center http://www.usinternet.com/users/AlPikeCP/ Amputation information and links to more topic information. Amputee Resource Foundation of America, Inc. http://www.amputeeresource.org/ Information, research to improving life for amputees. International Child Amputee Network www.amp-info.net/childamp.htm Aiding the parents of children with absent or underdeveloped limbs. ^Back to Top^ APRAXIA: Apraxia-Kids http://www.apraxia-kids.org/ Apraxia of speech in children. ^Back to Top^ ATTACHMENT DISORDERS: Attachment and Bonding Center of PA www.abcofpa.net/

56. AACAP - Clinical Practice - CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATION special issues IN CHILD CUSTODY DISPUTES. of infants in custody disputes presentsspecial challenges The evaluator should assess each parent s attachment to the http://www.aacap.org/clinical/custdy~1.htm

SUMMARY OF THE PRACTICE PARAMETERS FOR CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATION Principal Authors: Stephen P. Herman, M.D. and William Bernet, M.D. This Summary was developed by the Work Group on Quality Issues: John E. Dunne, M.D., Chair; Valerie Arnold, M.D., R. Scott Benson, M.D., William Bernet, M.D., Oscar Bukstein, M.D., Joan Kinlan, M.D., and Jon McLellan, M.D. AACAP Staff: L. Elizabeth Sloan, L.P.C. The full text of the Practice Parameters for Child Custody Evaluation is available to Academy members on the World Wide Web (www.aacap.org) and appears in the October 1997 supplement to the JAACAP. The full text of these parameters was reviewed at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Both the full text and this Summary were approved by AACAP Council on June 6, 1997. © 1997 by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ABSTRACT These parameters give the clinician direction in conducting custody evaluations. Recommendations are based on extensive review of the scientific literature and clinical consensus among experts in the subject. The literature review, including references, and the rationale for specific recommendations are contained in the complete document (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997). Clinicians frequently are asked to offer opinions regarding child custody and visitation issues. Their opinions often heavily influence the decisions of judges and mediators on the custody and visitation arrangements of parents and children.

57. AACAP Facts For Families and upto-date information on issues that affect in School for children with SpecialNeeds What About Mental Illnesses 84; Reactive attachment Disorder 85; http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/

F ACTS FOR F AMILIES N ot all children grow from infancy through their adolescent years without experiencing some bumps along the way. While every child is unique and special, sometimes they encounter emotions, feelings or behavior that cause problems in their lives and the lives of those around them. Families often worry when their child or teenager has difficulty coping with things, feels sad, can't sleep, gets involved with drug, or can't get along with family or friends. The AACAP developed Facts for Families to provide concise and up-to-date information on issues that affect children, teenagers, and their families. The AACAP provides this important information as a public service and the Facts for Families may be duplicated and distributed free of charge as long as the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry is properly credited and no profit is gained from their use. The AACAP has produced the Facts for Families in English and Spanish. Other translations available on the WWW, while perhaps based on the original, were created independently and without benefit of AACAP review. They are available in English

58. LOVE AND ATTACHMENT: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES on the complicated subjects of love and attachment. Soncini examines the specialissues of intercultural marriage, ie, gender issues, raising children http://www.nmcop.org/rudermanreview.html

LOVE AND ATTACHMENT: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS By Carol Tosone, Ph.D. and Theresa Aiello, Ph.D. Jason Aronson, Inc. 1999. A REVIEW By Ellen Ruderman, PhD Therapists treating Individuals and/or couples confront difficult and age-old issues idealistic love versus romantic love, diversity and conflict, distortions and unrealistic expectations, and the pains and travails of early attachments as they are reactivated in transference-countertransference relationships. In their book, Love and Attachment: Contemporary Issues and Treatment. Considerations, Tosone and Aiello have compiled an excellent array of articles touching on the complicated subjects of love and attachment. Each article highlights different challenges and issues faced by clinicians in everyday practice. Tosone's Illusion, Disillusion, and Reality in Romantic Love examines the nature of romantic love, offers an excellent literature review, and moves to developmental and diagnostic concerns dealing with such considerations as transitory love, addictive love, and the pathways leading to mature object love. Tosone's well-written piece comprises a fascinating coalition of psychoanalytic opinions on the subject of love, stressing the transformative nature of love relationships in mastering past traumas, and by her sensitive case examples, establishes the therapeutic or analytic situation as the center from which past traumas can be reworked and repaired. Clinical Practice with Intercultural Couples by Soncini reminds therapists to be alert not only to their countertransference but to be sensitive to the history and cultural traditions of their patients. Case examples illustrate the extreme conflict caused when more constrictive foreign customs confront the focus on individuality and libera1ity in the United States. Soncini examines the special issues of intercultural marriage, i.e., gender issues, raising children, and other typical areas of conflict, enhancing ones clinical knowledge of the subject.

59. Seminars & Workshops On Attachment Disorder Neurobiology of interpersonal experience and middle phase issues. Facilitating parentchildattachment and psychodrama. special Topics. Ending phase issues. http://adsg.syix.com/seminarsentered.htm

Seminars Entered Dates of Seminar: February 28th Title of Lecture: therapy for adoptive/foster parents Speaker: Sandra Lindaman City: Skokie State: IL Contact: Cindy Romtan (309)361-1036 or (309)469-2092 Date: Comments My husband and I have had 2 foster kids that we adopted for 5 years. We have had attachment therapy with Dr. Lawrence Lennon. We have since moved away and are not able to take avantage of his services. We could really use some more tools and support. One of our children has reactive attachment disorder. She is at times very difficult to handle. I as the mom feel like I take most of the abuse from her and I don't feel like my husband understands how hard that is. Thankyou Cindy Rotman Dates of Seminar: February 28, 1004 Title of Lecture: Theraplay for Adoptive/Foster Parents Speaker: Sandra Lindaman, Training Director, The Theraplay Institute City: Skokie State: IL Contact: Dawn: 847-256-7334 Date: Comments Adopted and foster children have often experienced caretaking inconsistencies, failures, losses or even trauma early in their lives, making it difficult for them to form attachments to new parents. This program will provide parents with a framework of ideas and solutions for being more effective parents using Theraplay: www.theraplay.org Dates of Seminar: September 19 and 20, 2003

60. Infant Day Care: The Critical Issues rejection or unpredictability are associated with insecure attachment in infants positionshave been presented in the special infant day care issues of the http://www.kidsource.com/kidsource/content2/infant_day_care.html

Infant Day Care: The Critical Issues By Abbey Griffin And Greta Fein advertisement Credits Source ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education, Urbana, Ill. Contents Infant Day Care Today What Do We Know About Quality? Effects Of Infant Care Infant Care: The Issue Of Attachment ... For More Information Forums Childcare and Kids Related Articles Infant Child Care Tracking Down Quality Child Care Can Be Time Consuming and Expensive Helpful Information for You and Your Baby Sitter There is a critical need to increase the availability of quality infant care. If parents, caregivers and policymakers are to understand standards of quality, they must first understand the development of attachment, the effects of early separations, parent characteristics and family circumstances that may contribute to insecurity, and the potential benefits of secure attachment to a caregiver. This digest discusses infant care quality and the debate on infant attachment. Infant Day Care Today In March 1970, 24% of mothers with children under 2 years old were in the labor force. By March 1984, the figure was 46.8% (U.S. Dept. of Labor, 1984). Who takes care of the babies while the mothers work? Some infants (25%) are cared for in their own homes. Others (75%) are cared for outside the home by a baby-sitter, or in family day care (group care by an individual in her home). Only 6% of infants under a year old and 12% of those under 2 are cared for in licensed center-based care (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, June 1982). Although state licensing standards apply to center-based and family day care, most family day care programs remain unlicensed. The crisis in day care is such that the choice of care is often determined by cost and availability, rather than quality.

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